• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.26-36
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine how oral health literacy of mothers affect the oral health status of their preschool children. The subjects were 233 mothers and their preschool children who are between 5 and 6 years old. They were selected according to the convenience sampling method. The individual self-administered questionnaire was used for the mother's survey while the children were interviewed using structured questionnaire to examine their oral health status and behavior. According to study results, the number of decayed primary teeth and the number of decayed and filled primary teeth had a statistically significant negative correlation with the oral health literacy of the mother, the children's oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior (COHKAB), and the mother's oral health management behavior. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed after including general characteristics variables, the COHKAB and the mother's oral health management behavior. Meanwhile, mother's oral health literacy had a statistically influence on children's oral health status. The higher the mother's oral health literacy level, the lower the number of decayed and filled primary teeth were. The findings suggest that efforts to improve the oral health status of preschool children should consider mother's oral health literacy as an important factor. Therefore, the effective intervention and education programs are necessary to enhance mother's oral health literacy.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.103-131
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• 2010

This study observes how the conjugal sharing of the roles such as breadwinning, housework/childcare, and leisure activities affects wives' marital satisfaction, and how the relationships among the considered variables are similar or different across age categories. Two dependent variables, the relationship satisfaction and the marital happiness, are measured and estimated as the concept of the marital satisfaction. Analysed is the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families 2008 collected by Korean Women's Development Institute. Among women in the ages of 30s-50s, full-time housewives with the breadwinning husbands feel happier with their marriage than the wives in dual career families, and those in dual career families are happier than the breadwinning women with the househusbands. Among the women in their 40s, the highest relationship satisfaction is reported by the those of the dual career families. Wives in their 30s prefer equal division of familywork in explaining the relationship satisfaction, while wives in the age of 40s and 50s show only the effect of reducing wives' portion. The co-spousal leisure activity is consistently significant in its positive relationship with the marital satisfaction across the age categories. There is a general tendency that the marital satisfaction is the highest in the youngest age bracket and the lowest in the oldest. For managing better marriages, individual efforts of both spouses as well as social support are required.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.219-228
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• 2018

This study examines the influence of smartphone use in old age on satisfaction with relationships with spouse, children and social acquaintances among Korean older adults. Data on older adults aged 60 and over, who live in Seoul, was collected through a questionnaire survey and 674 cases were analyzed. The effects of smartphone use on satisfaction with these three types of inter-personal relationships was tested using a multiple regression analysis, controlling for sex, age, marital status, education, employment status, income and health. The results showed that the smartphone use of older adults did not affect spouse relationship satisfaction, but positively affected both children relationship satisfaction and satisfaction with social acquaintance relationship in old age. This suggests that the positive effects of smartphone use on inter-personal relationships in old age work only to improve relationships with children and social acquaintances, but not to enhance the relationship with one's spouse. This study implies that practical efforts to enhance the smartphone use and the level of informatization among older adults are needed to improve the inter-personal relationships and quality of life in old age.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.140-152
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• 2020

This study analyzed the satisfaction and utilization of the institutional applications used by child-education institutions from a parent's perspective. The research target is a parent who enlisted their children in private kindergarten institution located in Gyeong-gi province and final research outcomes are 443 in total. The difference in satisfaction and utilization have been identified with demographic descriptive statistics, students t-test, and F-test statistics analysis method. First, the result of T-test on the difference in satisfaction and utilization based on parents' employment status shows that statistically significant difference was found in convenience from overall satisfaction, communication from overall utilization and child-parent relationship. Second, the F-test of differences in satisfaction and utilization showed a statistically significant difference in education utilization variables, with all variables in educational background and motivation. In terms of utilization, parents' educational background and overall utilization, and children's age were confirmed to have significant differences in communication, children's relationship, and motivation in basic life. Third, the result of multiple regression analysis shows that all predictors, including ease of use, communication, and satisfaction with educational activities, have a statistically significant impact on utilization standard variables, relative contributions showed the highest level of communication satisfaction. Therefore this paper implicates that institutional applications can maximize educational effectiveness by checking the applicability of active communication and educational activities with parents and actively communicating with parents in early childhood through various educational content applications.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.127-150
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of parenting stress on marital conflict in dual earner couples with children in early childhood. Actor and Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) was conducted in order to identify how parenting stress affect husband and wife, respectively and how this make the actor effect as well as the partner effect regarding the marital conflict. The research was conducted with 629 married couples from the forth wave of the Panel Study of Korean Children (PSKC) data. In order to examine the relationships between the variables and to evaluate the appropriateness of the research model, structural equation model was used. The results showed that the parenting stress had significant positive effect on the marital conflict. The partner effect of parenting stress was significantly positive. This result implies that the mutual dependence in dual earner couple's marital conflict and parenting stress should be considered in the process of intervention. In other words, to improve the effectiveness of intervention, practitioners should treat couples together rather than being focused on individuals.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.5-32
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is analyze the pattern and factors affecting the shelter exit and the patterns of homeless women in Korea. For this study, survey data were collected from 139 sheltered homeless women in Seoul in May of 2007. And respondent's exit time and exit pattern from the shelter were investigated through administration data of shelter in December of 2008. Life table analysis, Cox-proportional hazard analysis and competing risk survival analysis were employed in order to analyze data. The major findings were as follows. First, life table analysis shows that the exit ratio of homeless women started to fall sharply in 24 months from entry into shelter. Second, subjective health status, ratio of the homeless in social network and shelter entry with children affected the likelihood of shelter exit of homeless women. Third, age, subjective health status, depression and shelter entry with children affected the likelihood of positive exit. And ratio of the homeless in social network affected the likelihood of negative exit. Based on these findings, this study implied the introduction of case management service concerning individual shelter exit plan and policy for residential stability of homeless women.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.17-35
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• 2002

The relationship between parent's attitude toward children's emotional expressiveness and children's emotional intelligence(EI) was investigated with the Parent Attitude toward Children's Expressiveness Scale(Saarni, 1990), and children's EI was assessed by a teacher rating scale developed by Kim(1999). The subjects were 121 triads of 3- to 6-year-old children and their mothers and fathers. Data were analyzed by frequencies, percentiles, means, standard deviations, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, two-way ANOVAs, Pearson's correlations, and multiple regression. Results indicated differences in level of EI as a function of gender and age; differences in both mother's and father's attitudes toward children's expressiveness as a function of children's gender and age; and positive correlation between mother's and father's attitudes toward emotional expressiveness and children's EI. Children's age and parental attitude toward children's emotional expressiveness explained 46.7% of children's EI.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.241-250
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• 1994

어머니와 아기의 관계는 가장 기초적인 인간관계로서 아기의 탄생은 한 가족의 생활에 지대한 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 아기 출산후 어머니들이 겪는 변화는 초산모와 경산모가 달라 새로 태어난 아기의 양육도 책임지며, 다른 자녀와의 관계도 유지해야하는 경산모는 초산모보다 더 많은 역할을 수행하여야 한다. Rubin(1967)은 이것을 다자손(poly-Progeny)의 문제라고 서술하면서, 경산모의 어려움을 언급하였다. 그러나 사회에서나 간호현장에서는 처음 어머니가 된 초산모를 어떻게 도와야 하는가에 주로 관심을 갖고 있으며, 그동안 이루어진 연구도 초산모를 대상으로 하는 것들이 대부분이었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 산후 4개월된 초산모와 경산모의 모성역할 긴장과 모성역할 획득정도의 차이를 조사하였다. 연구결과 모성역할 획득 중 모성역할 수행과 모성 정체감은 초산모와 경산모에 따라 차이가 없었으나, 아기와의 상호작용은 초산모가 경산모보다 더 많이 한다고 보고 하였다. 모성 역할 긴장은 경산모가 초산모보다 더 느끼는 것으로 나타났으며, 어머니의 연령과 남편의 지지를 공변량 처리하여 보았을 때도 경산모가 초산모보다 모성역할 긴장을 더 느끼고 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to find out adolescents' and their mothers' responses to the minimum standard of age suggested by previous research not to share bedroom among parents and child, children of the opposite sex, or children of the same sex. The data from 310 pairs of junior school students and their mothers were analyzed. The results showed that the percentages of agreements to the suggested ages were not the same. Adolescents were in general more likely flexible to the minimum age than were their mothers. The age standard of the opposite sex children over 10 years old must not share a bedroom was the most agreeable both to child and mother. Both mother and adolescents' children were more likely flexible to the rule that parents should not should not share a bedroom with a child over age 5. However, they were serious about sharing a bedroom between same sex children regardless age. Further research should reveal precisely the age standard represent the high agreement among the family members.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.22 no.3 s.27
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• pp.389-397
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• 1989

To identify the problems in child rearing practice of employed mothers in urban poor area, all of 201 women with children under 6 years old living in Yun San 3 Dong, a poor area of Pusan city, were interviewed with a questionnaire by a trained interviewer from 10th April to 10th May 1989. Among 201 women, 51 women were employed and 150 women were unemployed. Of the employed mothers 78.5% got their jobs because of economical need and 31.4% of them worker for 60-69 hours per week. Their average monthly income was 100,000-190,000 Won in 33.4% and 200,000-290,000 Won in 25.4% Breast milk was fed in 66.0% of the children of unemployed mothers while 49.0 of the children of the employed mothers were breast-fed (p<0.05). The most common reason for not breast feeding was shortage of breast milk among unemployed mothers (58.9%) but that of the employed mothers was their job(63.6%). The basic immunization for children was completed in 70.5% of children of employed mothers as compared with 82.0% of the children of the unemployed mothers were completely immunized (p>0.1). Accident experience rate of children among the employed mothers was 23.5 a and that of the children of the unemployed mothers was 17.3% . The most common cause of acident in children of the unemployed mothers was carelessness while they were playing(34.6%) but in children of the employed mothers it was traffic accident(25.0%) and falling(25.0%). Most of the traffic accidents took place while the children's brother or sister of age under 14 years were baby sitting. When the accident took place 73.1% of the unemployed mothers were just at home, but 58.3% of the employed mothers were out of home for work. In case of the employed mothers, 58.7% of their children were looked after by an adult mainly grandparents, 15.7% by the children's brothers and sisters under 14 years old, and 3.9% of the children were left alone. A majority of the unemployed mothers wanted to get a job if someone could take care of their children. To facilitate the women employment and for the safety and health of the children, good nurseries for working mothers need to be established at a cost they can afford.