• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.331-337
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• 2016

In this paper, we analyze performances of in-band full-duplex communication system and self-interference (SI) suppression methods in environment where there exists the SI signal. The SI has to be removed to achieve required error rate performance of the system in order - propagation domain, analog domain and digital domain. In propagation domain, the SI signal is attenuated by separating transmitted and received beams physically. In analog and digital domain, after reconstruction of the SI signal using channel estimates and transmit signal, the SI signal can be cancelled from the desired signal. In this paper, assuming that the SI signal can be sufficiently reduced in propagation domain, we demonstrate that the in-band full-duplex communication system can achieve the target error rate by suppressing the SI signal in order - analog and digital domain, based on channel estimates that can be obtained by the method of Least squares.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.121-132
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• 2001

우리가 어떠한 상황에서 불안해진다는 것은 다가올 미래에 대해 확실하게 준비할 수 없다는 사실에 근거합니다. 수많은 선각자와 학자들은 모두들 이러한 불확실성으로 인한 위험 요소들을 확실하게 밝히고자하며 이로 인해 우리로 하여금 더욱 과학적으로 상황을 대처하고 극복하게 하려 합니다. 아시아 지역의 호텔관광시장에 대해 이곳에서 논의되는 것은 과거와 현재 그리고 미래를 넘나들며 현재 이 시장에서 벌어지는 새로운 경향을 파악하고 파악된 자료를 통해 도전과 위험요소를 인지케하는 내용들입니다. 과거는 현재의 원인이 될 수 있고 과거의 흔적은 내일의 같은 형태의 현상이 될 수 있다고 보기에 우리는 미래의 시장을 예측하려 할 때 과거를 검증하고 현재를 숙독해야 하는 것입니다. 과거 속에서 우리는 한때 우리 시장의 고객들이 사회적 성공의 표시로 여행을 즐겼으며, 그것이 전쟁 등과 같은 힘든 시절을 보내면서 휴식과 교육을 목표로 여행을 즐기던 시절이 있었고, 이것이 다시 최근에 들어 고객들의 자기충족과 자아실현의 방법으로 여행을 즐기고 있음을 감지할 수 있습니다. 이러한 경향들의 연장선상에서 우리의 호텔시장은 호텔이 고도로 품격화된 개인적인 서비스를 제공하게 될 것이고, 발달된 정보기술력으로 인해 편리하게 자산관리를 할 수 있고, 쉽게 접근이 가능한 투자자본으로 인해 소유주의 형태가 다국적으로 다각화되는 결과를 낳게 될 것이고, 수많은 패턴들이 존재하지만 기술력의 혁신으로 인해 이를 통한 새로운 상품과 서비스의 개발이 가장 두드러지는 시장이 될 것이 분명합니다. 관광시장에서는 크게 두 영역으로 분리해서 본다면, 하나는 새로운 형태의 고객이고 또 하나는 관광이란 것이 거리를 요하는 것이기에 이를 극복하고자 하는 기술력을 동원한 새로운 형태의 관광체험이라 할 수 있습니다. 새로운 형태의 고객은 보다 자유롭고 의사표현이 열려있는 고객이며 이들은 각자의 자아실현과 충족을 위해 끊임없이 새로운 여행 목적지를 찾는 고객이며, 복잡하지 않고 단순한 형태의 상품과 서비스를 요하며 그들은 또한 시작에서 마무리까지 완성된 서비스를 추구하는 고객이 될 것입니다. 거리를 초월하는 기술력의 발달로 고객은 원거리에서 자기자신의 여행 진행 전부를 쉽게 컨트롤 할 수 있게 되고 특히 가상 현실실현에 대한 기술력은 멀리서도 원거리의 여행 체험을 실제와 버금가게, 그리고 현실에서 겪어야 하는 일체의 장애 없이 체득할 수 있게되는 상황을 고객 앞에 내놓게 될 것입니다. 우리는 지금 새로이 중흥하려 노력하는 아시아의 주요 국가의 호텔관광산업을 의미 있게 짚어보고 내일을 함께 준비하고 있습니다. 여기에 논의되어진 이슈가 아니더라도 우리는 그것들을 새로운 시각에서 검증하고 분석하여 새로이 전개되는 미래의 아시아 호텔관광산업을 함께 준비해야 할 줄 믿습니다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2004

Purpose : The quantization noise in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems is analyzed. The signal-to-quantization noise ratio (SQNR) in the reconstructed image is derived from the level of quantization in the signal in spatial frequency domain. Based on the derived formula, the SQNRs in various main magnetic fields with different receiver systems are evaluated. From the evaluation, the quantization noise could be a major noise source determining overall system signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in high field MRI system. A few methods to reduce the quantization noise are suggested. Materials and methods : In Fourier imaging methods, spin density distribution is encoded by phase and frequency encoding gradients in such a way that it becomes a distribution in the spatial frequency domain. Thus the quantization noise in the spatial frequency domain is expressed in terms of the SQNR in the reconstructed image. The validity of the derived formula is confirmed by experiments and computer simulation. Results : Using the derived formula, the SQNRs in various main magnetic fields with various receiver systems are evaluated. Since the quantization noise is proportional to the signal amplitude, yet it cannot be reduced by simple signal averaging, it could be a serious problem in high field imaging. In many receiver systems employing analog-to-digital converters (ADC) of 16 bits/sample, the quantization noise could be a major noise source limiting overall system SNR, especially in a high field imaging. Conclusion : The field strength of MRI system keeps going higher for functional imaging and spectroscopy. In high field MRI system, signal amplitude becomes larger with more susceptibility effect and wider spectral separation. Since the quantization noise is proportional to the signal amplitude, if the conversion bits of the ADCs in the receiver system are not large enough, the increase of signal amplitude may not be fully utilized for the SNR enhancement due to the increase of the quantization noise. Evaluation of the SQNR for various systems using the formula shows that the quantization noise could be a major noise source limiting overall system SNR, especially in three dimensional imaging in a high field imaging. Oversampling and off-center sampling would be an alternative solution to reduce the quantization noise without replacement of the receiver system.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.76
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• pp.73-93
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• 2023

Purpose of study: The purpose of this study is to propose an autobiographical writing as an alternative Christian education for the elderly. Research Contents and Methods : First, after analyzing the previous studies on Christian education for the elderly, it was found that most of the studies suggest the need for integrated Christian elderly education and church elderly ministry, and there is a need for a study that suggests a curriculum that can be implemented in the field. Second, there are two educational objectives derived from Fowler's study of faith. One is to describe, analyze, and reconstruct the three elements that make up the content of faith: centers of value, image of powers, and central stories. Second, to explore vocation through a life of pilgrimage in response to the call to partnership with God. Third, autobiographical writing involves an approach based on the tradition of qualitative research and should be oriented toward teaching and learning principles based on descriptive, native, holistic, lived-experience, pathic, interpretive, and open-ended principles. Conclusions and Recommendations: Autobiographical writing will contribute to helping the elderly experiencing crises of despair and anxiety to integrate the meaning of their lives through the holistic expression of their thoughts and feelings, to helping socially isolated older adults to feel connected to society, and to helping them to envision and imagine the future through the present act of revealing their voice. It is hoped that autobiographical writing will increase the number of conversations through retrospection and confession of faith of the elderly.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.923-932
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• 2014

The Hurdle model can to analyze zero-inflated count data. This model is a mixed model of the logit model for a binary component and a truncated Poisson model of a truncated count component. We propose a new hurdle model with a general heterogeneous random effects covariance matrix to analyze longitudinal zero-inflated count data using modified Cholesky decomposition. This decomposition factors the random effects covariance matrix into generalized autoregressive parameters and innovation variance. The parameters are modeled using (generalized) linear models and estimated with a Bayesian method. We use these methods to carefully analyze a real dataset.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.1208-1217
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• 2009

This research was conducted in an attempt to understand changes and growths of the self in on-line game world. Q methodology was used to investigate players in Mabinogi, which is an on-line game(MMORPG). Based on 57 behavior statements, Players distributed their changing experiences from when they were novices in on-line game world to the current state. In early start phase, they recognized that on-line game world was different from the reality. And they perceived their experiences in on-line game as separated from the real ones. However, as they spend more time in on-line game world, they began to realized that on-line game world is as real as the world because they function as an individual living in a society in both the game and the real world. They felt and learned that in on-line game life, they also need to follow the rules and order. In addition, trust and politeness were essential in order to live with other players. As time passed, the players realized that on-line game experiences have the same meanings and values as the real life ones. 3 types of self-changing patterns were found : Achievement change, Control change, and Relation change. The behavior patterns of the 3 types were then compared to Identify similarities and differences amongst them in psychological meanings and values in the on-line game life. This result illustrates that on-line game world can be defined as new behavioral setting or developmental context established by digital technology. In this new setting, people can experiment and understand their behavior patterns and also experience changes and growths of the self.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.631-643
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• 2018

This study is the first ever attempted series paper of one particular TV drama writer, Su-Hyeon Kim, with diversified and systematic scale. Along with the just before study, proving Su-Hyeon Kim's line's conceptual properties as the Bahktin's dialogism, its core of polyphony, this study is to analyze the concrete method of creation through Bahktin's Canivalistic creation component of 'Grotesque Realism' and 'Unofficial Square Language'. With her work of (SBS, 1992), this study verifies its characteristic creation of lines to be the 'Grotesque Realism' components of overturn, destruction, and creation along with 'Unofficial Square Language' components of the masses, material, physical language, and discourse of self-liberation. In this way, this study is on one hand, to overcome the application problem of Bahktin's theory as a separated one, but also to enhance the quality of the study of the writer and the lines. As a result, she has acquired her own distinction of ambivalence by the way of demotion, overturn with masses' material, physical, unofficial square language along with a stronger execution of acquiring self denial, positivity. liberation, and life. Therefore the writer is highly rated for her fierce cognition of language and her artistic spirit. Also, this paper proposes the following study to appraise the impact of the writer's differentiation and artistic spirit on the creation of Korean TV drama, contents industry, and mass media.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.74
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• pp.159-188
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• 2023

This study examines the process of Chou Sun-Ae's spiritual formation in the light of Carl Jung's conception of individuation. Spirituality is defined in different ways by different scholars, but most consider self-transcendence as a necessary element. This self-transcendence can occur in the relationship with self, with others, and with the transcendent. In the relationship with the self, it appears as self-objectification; with others, it is as moving toward others; and in the relationship with the transcendent, it moves toward the transcendent. Spirituality is closely related to individual identity, in that it surrounds and integrates life. Spiritual formation is thus closely related to Jung's concept of individuation, as this involves the separation of persona and ego, and shadow recognition which are closely related to the level of self-objectification. In addition, the withdrawal of shadow projection that occurs in individuation is closely related to moving toward others, in that it recognizes the shadow instead of blaming others, allowing one to look at others without prejudice. The fact that Jesus Christ is the symbol of the Self, the driving force of the individuation process, tells us that spirituality leading to a relationship with the transcendent God and Jung's theory are closely related to each other. Thus, if we examine the process of spiritual formation through the Jung's individuation process, we can better understand the psychodynamic dimension of spirituality. This article investigates the process of Chou Sun-Ae's spiritual formation through Jung's individuation process. Throughout her 98 years, Chou Sun-Ae experienced national pain and hardships, as well as personal adversity and difficulties; but through all of these hardships, conflicts, and difficult moments, she accomplished individualization. Therefore, by examining the spiritual formation through individuation in Chou Sun-Ae, I consider the direction of Christian spiritual education. In this study, three main characteristics of Chou Sun-Ae's spiritual formation can be identified. First, through a life of repentance, the identification between persona and ego can be weakened. Second, the ego develops, and individualization is achieved, through a new calling. Third, in shadow integration, the spiritual development comes to recognize Jesus Christ on the cross and achieve the process of sanctification. Investigating the direction of Christian spiritual education through Chou Sun-Ae's spiritual formation indicates that Christian spiritual education should harmonize vertical and horizontal relations and should develop an experience of the transcendent God in everyday life. By this means, the believer can achieve Self-realization and be a true Christian who practices love for God and love for neighbors.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.192-199
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• 2013

Purpose : To retrospectively evaluate the diagnostic performance of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging (DCE-MRI) in detecting recurrent prostate cancer after HIFU of clinically localized cancer, as compared with T2-weighted imaging (T2WI). Materials and Methods: Twenty-six patients with increased prostate-specific antigen levels after HIFU were included in this study. All MR examinations were performed using T2WI and DCE-MRI, followed by transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy. MRI and biopsy results were correlated in six prostate sectors. Residual or recurrent cancer after HIFU was defined as local tumor progression if biopsy results showed any cancer foci. Two independent readers interpreted the MR images. Results: Of 156 prostate sectors, 51 (33%) were positive for cancer in 17 patients. For detecting local tumor progression, the sensitivity of DCE-MRI and T2WI was 80% and 57% for reader 1 (P < 0.001) versus 84% and 61% for reader 2 (P < 0.001), respectively. The specificity and overall accuracy between DCE-MRI and T2WI showed no statistical difference in both readers (P > 0.05). Interobserver agreement of DCE-MRI and T2WI was moderate and fair, respectively. Conclusion: For detecting local tumor progression of prostate cancer after HIFU, DCE-MRI was more sensitive than T2WI, with less interobserver variability.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.223-231
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• 1998

Existing cast in place piles made by grouting cement mortar have many problems that cracks by autogeneous and drying shrinkage bring about the deterioration of force for piles, segregations by the submersion of ground water occur and also, high cement contents lead to rise the manufacturing cost. Therefore, this study is intended to investigate the mechanical properties of high performance mortar, incorporating expansive additives and fly ash. for cast in place piles. According to the experimental results, as the contents of expansive additives increase in mortar mixture, fluidity decrease and air contents shows inverse tendency. Setting time is delayed. Although compressive strength at 7days shows a decline tendency. compressive strength at 28days and 91days increase slightly with 5% of expansive additives. As fly ash increase in mortar mixture, high fluidity is shown, air contents increase and setting time is delayed at fresh state, and additives are, the larger length change is, whereas shrinkage decrease with the increase of fly ash.