• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.168-173
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• 2015

This study estimated the degree of uterine inflammation and resumption of ovarian cyclicity in postpartum dairy cows. In addition, the prevalence of health problems during calving and the postpartum period was investigated. A total of 224 Holstein dairy cows from four dairy farms in Chungcheong Province were used for the study. Uterine discharge was scored on a 0 to 5 rank scale (metricheck score) using a metricheck instrument from 1 to 8 weeks postpartum and uterine cytology (neutrophil level) was examined at 4, 6 and 8 weeks postpartum to evaluate uterine inflammation. Resumption of ovarian cyclicity was evaluated based on progesterone analysis (${\geq}1ng/mL$) at 4, 6 and 8 weeks postpartum. Postpartum disorders were diagnosed by veterinarians in the research team. The metricheck score decreased linearly (p < 0.0001) from weeks 1 ($3.4{\pm}0.1$) to 4 ($2.0{\pm}0.1$) postpartum, and then remained at that level through week 8 postpartum ($1.6{\pm}0.1$, p > 0.05). The neutrophil levels determined by uterine cytology assays also decreased (p < 0.0001) from week 4 ($22.3{\pm}1.8%$) to 6 ($12.1{\pm}1.4%$) postpartum, and then remained at that level through week 8 postpartum ($9.2{\pm}1.4%$, p > 0.05). The proportion of cows exhibiting the ovarian cyclicity increased linearly (p < 0.0001) from weeks 2 (12.1%) to 8 (74.3%) postpartum. The prevalence of dystocia and retained placenta were 20.5% and 30.4%, respectively. The prevalence of ketosis, milk fever, abomasal displacement, septicemic metritis, endometritis, subclinical endometritis, pyometra, and ovarian cysts were 18.8%, 3.6%, 4.0%, 36.2%, 29.5%, 17.0%, 4.5%, and 14.7%, respectively. The prevalence of digestive problems and mastitis were 5.4% and 9.6%, respectively. The prevalence of culling and death were 4.0% and 3.6%, respectively. The prevalence of dystocia, retained placenta, septicemic metritis, endometritis, ovarian cysts, digestive problems, mastitis, and culling differed among farms (p < 0.05 to 0.01). In conclusion, proper examinations for uterine inflammation and ovarian cyclicity during 4 to 8 weeks postpartum are useful clinical tools to maintain herd reproductive health. Dystocia, retained placenta, septicemic metritis, and endometritis were predominant disorders in dairy cows of the survey area.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.149-154
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• 2007

Endometrial cells play important roles in implantation and during pregnancy. This study was carried out to identify whether two-pore domain $K^+\;(K_{2P})$ channels are expressed in endometrial cells of Korean cattle. $K_{2P}$ channels set the resting membrane potential of many kinds of neuronal cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems. RT-PCR data showed that TASK-1, TASK-3, TREK-1, TREK-2, and TRAAK were expressed in bovine endometrial cells, and the mRNA expression levels were similar between endometrial cells with or without endometritis. The protein expression was confirmed by using commercially available polyclonal antibodies (TASK-3, TREK-1, TREK-2, and TRAAK). TASK-3 and TREK-1 were expressed in all area of endometrial cells including nuclei, while TREK-2 and TRAAK were expressed in all area of cells except nuclei. These results demonstrate for the first time the presence of $K_{2P}$ channel in endometrial cells of Korean cattle.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-41
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• 1965

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.3-7
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• 1966

It is well known that the endometritis is the most common cause of infertility in cow. The endometritis may be classified in to at least tow, microbial endometritis and nonmi crobial endometritis. The former is easily able to cure by antibiotics of sulfon

• Feed Journal
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• v.2 no.7
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• pp.90-93
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• 2004

소에 있어서의 하절기 고온다습은 체력의 저하와 평상시에 비해 사료섭취량의 감소로 인한 유량이나 유질 등의 우유생산성, 분만 후 생식기의 회복이 지연되어 자궁내막염이 많이 발생됨에 따라 번식률이 저하되는 등 나쁜 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 질병발생이 많아지게 한다.<중략>

• 월간낙농육우
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.130-133
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• 2009

소에 있어서 특히 젖소는 하절기의 고온다습은 체력의 저하로 인한 유량이나 유질 등의 우유생산성 저하, 분만후 생식기의 회복이 지연되어 자궁내막염이 많이 발생됨에 따라 번식율이 저하되는 등 나쁜 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 질병발생이 많아지게 한다. 또한 하절기는 각종 위생해충이 질병매개체로 작용하여 각종 질병 즉 유행열, 이바라기병, 아까바네병 등을 다발케 하는 원인이 되고 있어 이에 대한 철저한 예방대책을 수립하는 것이 바랍직하다.

• 월간낙농육우
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.112-116
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• 2009

소에 있어서 특히 젖소는 하절기의 고온다습은 체력의 저하로 인한 유량이나 유질 등의 우유생산성 저하, 분만후 생식기의 회복이 지연되어 자궁내막염이 많이 발생됨에 따라 번식율이 저하되는 등 나쁜 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 질병발생이 많아지게 한다. 또한 하절기는 각종 위생해충이 질병매개체로 작용하여 각종 질병 즉 유행열, 이바라기병, 아까바네병 등을 다발케 하는 원인이 되고 있어 이에 대한 철저한 예방대책을 수립하는 것이 바람직하다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 1998

In order to investigate reproductive disorder in dairy cows, 312 uterine from abattroirs and 56 cows from dairy farms were examined. The ovary and uterine were collected from abattroirs and rectal palpation was carried out in the case of reproductive disorder at dairy farm. Microbiological examination was also carried out from the collected samples. 1. Out of 312 ovaria from slaughter-house, cystic ovary and endometritis were classified as 51(16%) and 134(43%), respectively. And of 56 dairy cow from farms, 43(77%) were identifies as endometritis. 2. The main cause of reproductive disorder was classified as hormonal imbalances, endometritis and cystic ovary, singly or in combination. 3. The main causative agents of endometritis was encountered as E coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp and Corynebacterium sp. 4. The highest susceptible antibiotics to the isolates was cephalosporin.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.326-333
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• 2013

On $H^1$ MRS (magnetic resonance spectroscopy), malignant tumors show higher concentration of metabolite than benign lesions. Lactate double peak was detected in malignant tumor and endometriosis, and more prominent high concentration was demonstrated in endometriosis. Tuboovarian abscesses and salpingitis do not show prominent peak. Dermoid cysts show high levels of lipid peak. Paratubal cyst and follicular cyst can be showed the lipid peak, however, the concentration of lipid is lower than that of dermoid cyst. $H^1$ MRS of ovarian cystic lesions can give valuable information about the presence of metabolites of ovarian cystic lesions.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.339-343
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• 2011

This study determined the effects of twin birth on subsequent postpartum disorders, culling and reproductive performance, and its risk factors in dairy cows. Detailed data related to reproduction, health, and calving events, including dates of artificial insemination (AI) and calving, hormonal treatment prior to conception, cow parity, twin birth, retained placenta, metabolic disorders, and endometritis were collected from 1,717 individual calvings on 9 dairy farms. The incidence rate of twin birth was 3.4%. Gestation length was shorter in cows with twin birth ($270.6{\pm}2.0$ days) than cows giving birth to singletons ($279.5{\pm}0.2$ days, P < 0.01). The incidence of retained placenta (47.5 vs. 16.0%), metabolic disorders (18.6 vs. 3.8%) endometritis (62.7 vs. 28.2%), and culling rate (32.2 vs. 16.5%) was greater in cows with twin birth than in cows giving birth to singletons, respectively (P < 0.01). The hazard of pregnancy (adjusted hazard ratio, AHR) by 210 days in milk analyzed using Cox proportional hazards model was affected by calving season, in that the rate of pregnancy for cows calved during spring was less than for cows calved during winter (AHR = 0.80; P = 0.01); this was also true for endometritis (AHR = 0.46, P < 0.01). AHR was not affected by twin birth. Logistic analysis demonstrated that increasing the cow parity (P < 0.01) and hormonal treatment prior to conception (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 1.84, P < 0.05) increased the risk of twin birth. These results demonstrate that twin births are responsible for severe economic losses through the increased occurrence of postpartum disorders and culling; thus, appropriate management for the deleterious impact of twin birth, and/or reducing the risk factors by herd control regarding cow parity and the use of reproductive hormones prior to conception might be necessary.