• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.236-240
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• 2003

Human immune system acts to protect the host from infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites) and from other noxious insults. However, immune diseases are sometimes caused by the impairment of immune system leading to abnormal immune response. Especially, autoimmune diseases are very diverse and often bring serious damage Although many active investigations to reveal the etiological mechanisms concerning the autoimmune diseases, it still remains unclear. After proposing a HERV (human endogenous retrovirus) as a candidate autoimmune gene in type I diabetes, it is newly attracting our attention for demonstrating that an endogenous human retroviral superantigen can be transactivated by interferon-$\alpha$ (IFN- $\alpha$) or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. These might provide us with powerful clues to carry out further studies to overcome autoimmune diseases as the presentation of a relatively clear connection between endogenous superantigens and human diseases.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1987.05a
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• pp.12.1-12
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• 1987

1979년 McCabe가 자가면역성 감음신경성 난청이라는 용어를 처음으로 사용한 이래. 많은 학자가 면역성질환에서 감음신경성 난청이 동반될 수 있다는 보고가 있어 왔다. 자가면역성 감음신경성 난청은 보통 양측성, 비대칭적으로 점진적인 난청이 수주 혹은 수개월에 걸쳐서 진행되는 것이 특징이다. 그간 내이의 면역학적인 측면에 관한 연구가 진행되어 왔던 바, 일반적인 치료에 듣지 않으며 면역억제요법으로 효과를 볼 수 있는 감음신경성 난청의 범주를 결정할 수 있었으며, 이는 치료가 가능한 감음신경성 난청이라는 점에서 이비인후과 영역에서 관심을 가져야 할 필요가 있다고 하겠다. 저자들은 최근 자가면역성 질환인 전신성 홍반성 낭창을 가진 27세 여자환자에서 감음신경성 난청을 관찰할 수 있었으며, 면역억제요법으로 청력의 호전을 경험하였기에 문헌적 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.648-663
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• 2017

To verify the association between GSTM1/GSTT1 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases in Asian population. 18 published reports cited in EMBASE, Google, KISS, MEDLINE and PubMed up to December 2015 were collected for a meta-analysis. The GSTM1/GSTT1 polymorphism for null and present type were analysed separately. The significant association was found between the GST polymorphism and autoimmune diseases in an overall population (GSTM1, OR=1.334, 95% CI=1.137-1.567, p=0.000; GSTT1, OR=1.212, 95% CI=1.012-1.452, p=0.037). Asian population showed the significant association of GSTM1 in the autoimmune diseases, especially vitiligo and atopic dermatitis but non-significant association of GSTT1 in RA and SLE. The GSTM1 null and the GSTT1 present type showed the association with autoimmune diseases in Asian population. The null type frequency of the combination of GSTM1-GSTT1 polymorphism in autoimmune diseases in Asian population was higher than that of the control group. This result indicated that null type of GSTM1-GSTT1 combination can be a risk factor of autoimmune diseases in Asian population.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1345-1354
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• 2016

Alopecia areata (AA) is a common and tissue-specific autoimmune disease of hair follicle resulting in the loss of hair on the scalp and elsewhere on the body. Hair follicles is a unique organ because it has its own immune system and hormonal milieu and has a different immune state at each hair cycle stage. The collapses of anagen-dependent hair follicle immune privilege arise autoimmune attack, inducing ectopic MHC class I expression in the hair follicle epithelium and autoantigen presentation to autoreactive CD8+T cells, which results in AA. Clinical and experimental studies have pointed that psychological stress may also influence the hair follicle immune/hormone systems and contribute to the induction of AA. The key pathogenesis of AA is associated with immune privilege guardians (including ACTH, ${\alpha}-MSH$, and $TGF-{\beta}$), natural killer group 2D-positive (NKG2D+) cells (including NK and CD8+T cells), and stress hormones (including CRH and substance P). Effective treatments for AA are still demanded. One of the future targets of treatment will be the modification of hair follicle immune privilege including stress. Recent studies have reported that JAK inhibitors and immunomodulators used in other autoimmune disease, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis, Tregs, platelet-rich plasma therapy, statins, and prostaglandin anaolgues are effective for AA. Here the article reviews the recent understanding in the pathogenesis associated with perifollicular endocrine/immunology and new treatments of AA.

• The Korean Journal of Medicine
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• v.93 no.6
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• pp.560-564
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• 2018

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is rarely associated with pancreatic pseudocysts. AIP-associated pseudocysts requiring drainage despite steroid therapy are rather rare. We report a case of AIP with an infected pseudocyst requiring drainage despite steroid therapy. A 68-year-old male was diagnosed with AIP via pancreatic imaging, a high serum immunoglobulin G4 level, and steroid responsiveness. The AIP was accompanied by a pancreatic pseudocyst. Steroid therapy was prescribed, but the pancreatic pseudocyst became aggravated during steroid tapering. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided cyst drainage was required; the pseudocyst then became completely resolved.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.186-196
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• 2004

Purpose: Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic inflammatory liver disease with unknown cause that is characterized by liver histology, circulating autoantibodies and increased levels of immunoglobulin G. Only sporadic reports are available on autoimmune hepatitis in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, biochemical, and histological features, and the long-term outcome of autoimmune hepatitis in Korean children. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 14 children diagnosed as having autoimmune hepatitis at Seoul National University Children's Hospital from 1990 to 2004, and analyzed clinical, biochemical, and histological features, and clinical outcomes. Results: Mean age at diagnosis was 9 years and 11 of the 14 children were female. Six children presented with acute hepatitis-like manifestations. Jaundice and fatigue were the most common symptoms. Other autoimmune diseases accompanied in 6 children. Anti-nuclear antibody was detected in 13 patients and anti-smooth muscle antibody was positive in 8. All 14 patients were type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. The main histologic findings were interface hepatitis, rosette formation, and cirrhosis. Clinical and biochemical features were improved in six patients treated with ursodeoxycholic acid. Eight patients were treated with corticosteroid alone or in combination with azathioprine and five of them are in biochemical remission. Conclusion: Autoimmune hepatitis is an inflammatory liver disease, which has a favorable long-term outcome if it is diagnosed and treated promptly. Therefore, autoimmune hepatitis should be suspected in children with chronic hepatitis of unknown etiology, especially in female patients who show hypergammaglobulinemia or some clinical features of autoimmune disease.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.504-507
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• 2009

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) are chronic autoimmune liver diseases. Overlap syndrome is defined as a condition in which the clinical, biochemical, and histological features of these autoimmune diseases are overlapped. Thus, it is difficult to appreciate overlap syndrome as an actual diagnostic entity. Only a few cases of the overlap syndrome of AIH and PSC have been reported, especially in children. Moreover, PSC is known to be the most frequent liver disorder associated with inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis. We report one case of AIH-PSC overlap syndrome in a child who was diagnosed as having ulcerative colitis.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.215-220
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• 2007

We present a case of autoimmune chronic pancreatitis in a previously healthy child without any history of autoimmune disease. A 12-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain. The serum amylase, lipase, and IgG levels were elevated and autoantibodies (antinuclear antibody, antineutrophil antibody) were detected. An abdominal CT (computed tomographic) scan revealed diffuse enlargement of the pancreas. ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography) demonstrated an irregular stricture of the main pancreatic duct in the pancreas tail. After two years of oral steroid and immunosuppressive drug therapy, the clinical, laboratory and radiological findings were improved. The patient has been symptom-free for 18 months after the discontinuation of medication.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.276-283
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• 2022

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin helps to retain calcium and phosphorus but also has shown to affect immune regulation and homeostasis. In humans, vitamin D3 and vitamin D2 and their metabolite has intensively studied in both innate and adaptive immune system that they are important to regulate overwhelmed inflammation. The vitamin D receptor is a nuclear hormone receptor which regulate various downstream target gene expressions as a transcription factor related to metabolism, immune regulation, etc. Vitamin D deficiency is a high-risk factor for inflammatory diseases like autoimmune disease and allergy. In addition, reduced vitamin D seem to correlate with susceptibility to the virus infection such as HIV and COVID-19. In this review, we will summarize up-to-date vitamin D's role in various immune cells, immune regulatory functions during autoimmune, allergic, and infectious diseases. We will also discuss about vitamin D supplement effects in human trial studies for COVID-19.

• The Korea Beekeeping Bulletin
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• s.339
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• pp.24-24
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• 2009