• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2014

Sensor nodes are easily compromised by attacker when which are divided in open environment. The attacker may inject false report and false vote attack through compromised sensor node. These attacks interrupt to transmission legitimate report or the energy of sensor node is exhausted. PVFS are proposed by Li and Wu for countermeasure in two attacks. The scheme use inefficiency to energy of sensor node as fixed report threshold and verification node. In this paper, our propose the next neighbor node selection scheme based on fuzzy logic system for energy improvement of PVFS. The parameter of fuzzy logic system are energy, hops, verification success count, CH select high the next neighbor node among neighbor nodes of two as deduction based on fuzzy logic system. In the experimental, our proposed scheme was improvement to energy of about 9% compare to PVFS.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.70-77
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• 2003

It is well Down that the growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using a transition metal catalyst is greatly enhanced in a nitrogen environment. We show here that the enhanced growth is closely related to the activated nitrogen and it's incorporation into the CNT wall and cap during growth. This behavior is consistent with theoretical calculations of CNx thin films, showing that nitrogen incorporation to the graphitic basal plane reduces the elastic strain energy for curving the graphitic layer. Enhanced CNT growth by nitrogen incorporation is thus due to a decrease in the activation energies required for nucleation and growth of the tubular graphitic layer.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2012

미래 사회는 나노기술(NT)을 바탕으로 IT-ET-BT 기술이 융합된 유비쿼터스 사회로 진화하고 있으며, 미래 산업 사회로의 전환을 위해서는 성능개선이 아닌 성능한계 돌파의 패러다임 전환이 가능한 임계성능의 나노 소재/신소자의 개발이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 또한 차세대 단말기는 휴대성의 편리함, 융복합화/다기능화, 인간 친화형이 요구되고, flexible/stretchable/bendable한 형태로 발전하고 있는 상황이다. 나노 피에조트로닉스(nanopiezotronics) 기술은 역학적 에너지를 전기적 에너지로 변환하는 나노 발전 소자(nanogenerator)의 원리를 기반으로 하며 나노선, 나노벨트와 같은 1차원적 나노구조 소재의 압전성과 반전도성이 결합된 특성을 이용한 신기능의 미래 IT 융합 나노 전자/에너지 소자를 구현하는 기술로서 미래 유망 기술로 부각되고 있다. 현재 기술 수준은 압전 전계 효과 트랜지스터, 압전-다이오드, 압전 센서, 압전 나노 발전 소자 등과 같은 prototype 소자를 제작하는 수준에 머무르고 있으나 향후 초고감도 압전 센서, 자가발전 MEMS/NEMS 및 나노 시스템, 스마트 웨어러블 시스템, 건강 모니터링 시스템, 인체 삽입형 소자, portable 및 투명 유연 전자소자 등의 다양한 미래 융합 나노 소자 및 시스템에 광범위한 활용이 가능하며, 향후 신기능의 소자/부품/시스템 창출을 위한 기술로 자리매김할 것으로 전망된다. 본고에서는 압전 나노선, 나노튜브, 나노섬유 등의 1차원적 나노구조체 기반의 nanopiezotronics 기술과 최근의 연구결과들을 소개한다.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.45-49
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• 2015

In this paper, we proposed not specturm sensing but also save energy without consume energy of secondary network that spectrum sensing of cognitive applied energy harvesting scheme. Algorithms of sensing and harvesting is determine active or idle of primary network, compares the amount of energy that is harvested by energy harvesting scheme with the threshold. If secondary network to send a message and primary network is active, by changing frequency to use the spectrum. Further, if secondary network have no message, continues energy harvest. Therefore, spectrum sensing applied energy harvesting scheme, energy of secondary network is remove waste and charge energy, efficiency and utilization of cognitive network can be increase.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.75.2-75.2
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• 2011

고온고압에서 운전되는 IGCC용 분류층 석탄가스화기는 석탄에 포함된 회 성분을 대부분 용융 슬래그 형태로 가스화기 벽을 타고 흘러내리게 하여 가스화기 하부로 배출시킨다. 이러한 용융 슬래그를 원활하게 배출시키는 것은 가스화기의 안정적인 운전에 있어서 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 슬래그 층 내의 물질수지, 운동량 및 에너지 보존을 고려하여 석탄가스화기내의 슬래그 거동을 해석할 수 있는 모델 식을 유도하였다. 유도된 슬래그 거동 모델 식들을 적용하고 가스화기의 형상을 고려하여 가스화기 내부에서의 슬래그 거동을 해석하였다. 또한 슬래그 물성치들인 슬래그 점도, 슬래그 비열, 슬래그 밀도, 슬래그 열전달 계수 등을 슬래그의 조성 변화에 따라 별도로 산정하여 슬래그 해석의 입력 데이터로 사용하였다. 슬래그에 첨가되는 석회석의 비율을 해석의 주요 변수로 사용하여 가스화기 하부에서 용융 슬래그 및 고체 슬래그 두께, 용융 슬래그 층 내부에서의 슬래그 점도분포 및 슬래그 속도분포 등 슬래그 거동의 주요 특성들을 예측하였다. 해석결과로 석탄에 석회석의 첨가량을 증가시키면 슬래그의 임계점도온도(temperature of critical viscosity)와 점도가 낮아지므로 가스화기 벽면에서의 용융 슬래그의 유동속도는 빨라지며, 고체 슬래그와 용융 슬래그의 두께가 감소하는 것을 정량적으로 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.459-467
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• 1989

When the sufactants are dissolved in water, they associate to form micelles and solubilize oil inside the micelle to form swollen micelles. Although spherical aggregates like micelles and swollen micelles occupy the same regions in the phase diagram of water-oil-surfactant systems, they are treated in different viewpoint for the formation of such aggregates. Hence a unified thermodynamic formalism for the formation of such structure is presented in this study. In all cases, the to ideal solution theory is applied for dilute system and the energy of formation is expressed as the sum of hydrophobic interaction energy and surface energy due to surfactant film. From the model, critical micelle concentration (CMC), average aggregation number, and solubilization ratio are predicted and compared with the known experimental observation.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.131-136
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• 1992

New graft copolymers were synthesized by grafting 2,2,2-trifluoroethylmethacrylate on polyvinylalcohol in aqueous solution with $Ce^{4+}$ ions as initiator. Surface free energies of copolymers having various grafting percentages were studied by measurements of contact angles for various liquids. As the grafting of perfluoroalkyl group increases, surface free energy of solid decreases. Estimation of critical surface free energy should be accounted for molecular properties because the polar force components of these solids are relatively great. ${\gamma}_c$ was calculated from the plot of ${\gamma}_{si}$ vs ${\Phi}_{sl}$.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.73-76
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose energy harvesting apply to spectrum sensing. In this case, we can be spectrum sensing without consume energy. Algorithms of sensing and harvesting are determine active or idle of primary network, Compares with the threshold energy and the amount of energy that is harvested by energy harvesting scheme. If the secondary network want to send a message while the primary network is active, secondary users will change frequency to use the spectrum. Further, if the secondary network has not message, it will continues harvest energy. Therefore, spectrum sensing applied the energy harvesting method, energy of secondary network is remove waste and charge energy. So, efficiency and utilization of cognitive network can be increase.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.203-208
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• 1991

We investigated the nonradiative energy transfer process from Rhodamine 6G to Malachite Green in ethylen glycol solvent using time correlated single photon counting system equipped with a modelocked Ar ' laser. The reduced concentration and critical transfer distance for various acceptor concentration were obtained by using a full-fitting analysis of the fluorescence decay curves. We found that Huber model is more suitable than Forster model and the influence of energy migration through the dipole-dipole interaction becomes more significant for the low acceptor concentrations relative to the donor concentration($5\times 10^4$mol/l).

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.878-882
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• 2019

XOR(exclusive-OR)-XNOR(exclusive NOR) circuit is a basic component of 4-2 compressor for high performance arithmetic operation. In this paper we propose an energy efficient XOR-XNOR circuit. The proposed circuit is reduced the internal parasitic capacitance in critical path and implemented with 8 transistors. The circuit produces a perfect output signals for all input combinations. Compared with the previous circuits, the proposed circuit has a 14.5% reduction in propagation delay time and a 1.7% increase in power consumption. Therefore, the proposed XOR-XNOR is reduced power-delay- product (PDP) by 13.1% and energy-delay-product (EDP) by 26.0%. The proposed circuits are implemented with standard CMOS 0.18um technology and verified through SPICE simulation with 1.8V supply voltage.