• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 2006

The Diurnal variation of galactic cosmic ray (GCR) flux intensity observed by the ground Neutron Monitor (NM) shows a sinusoidal pattern with the amplitude of $1{\sim}2%$ of daily mean. We carried out a statistical study on tendencies of the local times of GCR intensity daily maximum aad minimum. To test the influences of the solar activity and the location (cut-off rigidity) on the distribution in the local times of maximum and minimum GCR intensity, we have examined the data of 1996 (solar minimum) and 2000 (solar maximum) at the low-latitude Haleakala (latitude: 20.72 N, cut-off rigidity: 12.91 GeV) and the high-latitude Oulu (latitude: 65.05 N, cut-off rigidity: 0.81 GeV) NM stations. The most frequent local times of the GCR intensity daily maximum and minimum come later about $2{\sim}3$ hours in the solar activity maximum year 2000 than in the solar activity minimum you 1996. Oulu NM station whose cut-off rigidity is smaller has the most frequent local times of the GCR intensity maximum and minimum later by $2{\sim}3$ hours from those of Haleakala station. This feature is more evident at the solar maximum. The phase of the daily variation in GCR is dependent upon the interplanetary magnetic field varying with the solar activity and the cut-off rigidity varying with the geographic latitude.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.247-251
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• 2009

To estimate the effect of rainfall on soil respiration, soil $CO_2$ efflux was measured with a manipulation of rainfall interception at a broad-leaved deciduous forest in western Japan from 20 February to 19 November 2001. The diurnal patterns of soil respiration observed at the intercepted subplot ($F_c$) were quite similar to those of soil temperature at 0.2 m depth with a maximum around midnight and a minimum from noon to early afternoon. Such diurnal patterns have not been observed in the previous studies at the same study site under natural conditions (which manifested no clear diurnal variations). Furthermore, the magnitudes of $F_c$ showed substantial differences (e.g., ~50% reduction under water-limited conditions) compared to those of the potential soil respiration under natural conditions ($F_{cal}$). These findings demonstrate that rainfall events not only affected the magnitude of soil $CO_2$ efflux but also modified the vertical structure of soil temperature, thereby altering diurnal patterns of soil respiration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.230-231
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• 2004

일출 후 태양복사에 의한 혼합층 발달과 새벽녘의 안정층 형성이 잘 관측되고 있다. 풍향의 경우, 해륙풍에 의한 풍향 일변화를 보이고 있으며, 이는 해안지역의 특징을 잘 반영하는 것이다. 간척지라는 지면특성을 고려하여 지속적인 관측과 분석이 이루어진다면, 지면성질에 따른 대기경계층 특성과 혼합층 고도를 추정할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.219-222
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• 2003

2002년 3월 28일과 29일에 동해 울릉도에서 존데를 이용하여 관측한 자료와 AWS 자료 등을 이용하여 얻은 이상의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 일반적인 경우와는 달리 주간에 형성된 혼합층이 일몰 후 야간까지 소멸하지 않았다. 그 이유는 구름으로부터 방출되는 장파복사로 인한 열속(heat flux)이 하층대기를 가열시켜 오히려 기온을 증가시키기 때문이다. 따라서 혼합층은 지면의 열속의 영향을 절대적으로 받는다. 또한 혼합층의 발달과 소멸에 있어서 구름의 영향을 무시할 수 없으며, 구름의 유무에 따라 대기경계층의 일변화는 많은 차이를 나타낸다. 구름 유무에 따른 지속적인 관측이 이루어진다면 더 자세한 영향을 알 수 있을 것이며, 더 나아가 해양대기경계층의 특성 연구에 도움을 줄 것으로 생각된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.209-210
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• 2006

장비의 설치 후 수위 값에 대한 보정 없이 1년간 관측한 결과 20 미터 측정 구간에 대해서 최대 20 cm의 오차가 발생하여 약 1%의 오차가 있었으며, 그 후 오차는 줄어들어 약 ${\pm}2\;cm$이내의 값을 유지하는 매우 안정된 일변화 경향을 나타내었다. 이는 측정 오차 0.1%에 해당하는 매우 안정된 관측 자료이다. 개선된 부력식 수위계는 관측에 있어서 1년간 야외에서 안정된 값을 나타내어 댐에서의 수위와 지하수 수위 측정에 활용 가능성을 볼 수 있다.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.208-214
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• 2009

Using the GNSS data and tilt-meter data of Boeun (BOEN) and Goesan (GSAN) GNSS stations, we have calculated the differential distance vector variation with the calculation time span set to 1 hour and 3 hour and differential tilt vector variation along time and derived an indicator of similarity between the two variations along time. The similarity such calculated is rather lower than high. But as the existence of a circular type movement of the antenna's phase center's location due to the tilt's variation of the antenna tower because of the sunlight's diurnal change is certain, we recommend to take such diurnal variation of antenna's location into consideration when the correction error in DGNSS or the measured data at reference stations in VRS (Virtual Reference System) is broadcast.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.471-472
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• 2009

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.474-483
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• 2004

This paper analyzed the characteristics of daily ozone variations over Kangreung and Wonju. It was found that the diurnal cycle of ozone over Wonju has a primary ozone peak in the afternoon and a minimum around sunrise, which is a typical diurnal ozone cycle observable in the urban area. However, the cycle over Kangreung shows a primary peak in the afternoon and secondary peak around 3 a.m. The amounts of ozone in the secondary peak is occasionally higher than that in the primary peak. This nocturnal ozone peak is frequently observed year-round, and the highest frequency and extent are observed in spring. The possible cause of this nocturnal ozone increase was investigated using meteorological parameters and the HYSPLIT trajectory model. It was found that the nocturnal ozone peak is highly correlated with strong wind speed, which has led to positive temperature anomaly. The trajectory model revealed that when the secondary peak occurred, the air was originated from the west and a sinking motion subsequently followed. These findings suggested that when the westerly wind is strongest in spring, the polluted airs from urban areas are transported to the upper boundary layer over Kangreung area. In the case of strong wind during the night, nocturnal ozone peaks were produced by active vertical mixing between lower boundary and upper boundary layers.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.225-233
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• 2010

Wind power density distribution over the North Korea territory was investigated by using 30-year wind observations at 27 meteorological stations. The mean annual wind power density over North Korea turned out to be 58.6W/$m^2$, which corresponds to the wind power class of 1. The wind power density shows a seasonal variation, having the highest density in spring and the lowest in summer. In particular, the wind power density in summer is about a half of that in spring. The diurnal variation of the wind power density shows that the highest and lowest densities occur in the afternoon and between 3 and 6 am in local time, respectively. The most potential wind energy generation regions are the Gaema Plateau in the central region, the northeast part of Hamgyeongbuk-do, the south coast of Pyongan-do and the west coast of Hwanghae-do. The mean annual wind power density in Changjin is 151.2W/$m^2$, which is equivalent to the class of 3. In Ryongyon, the annual mean wind power density is 102.4W/$m^2$, which belongs to the class of 2.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.102-102
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• 2003

다목적 실용위성 1호로 2000년 6월 28일에서 2001년 8월 1일까지의 고도 685 Km, 22:50LT 지역시(Local Time)인 상부 이온층을 조사하였다. 위성에 탑재된 이온층 측정 센서(Ionospheric Measurement Sensor)로부터 전자 온도와 전자 밀도 데이터를 얻었으며, 자기 위도로 -60$^{\circ}$ ~ +60$^{\circ}$사이의 중ㆍ저위도의 데이터를 분석하였다. 관측 기간은 지자기 변화를 나타내는 Kp index나 태양 활동을 나타내는 F10.7이 크게 변화한 태양 극대기 기간으로, 특히 일변화의 F10.7을 통해 전자 온도와 전자 밀도의 변화를 조사하였다. 측정 시간이 야간(22:50)임에도 불구하고 태양 활동을 나타내는 F10.7에 따라 전자 온도와 전자 밀도가 변화하는 것으로 나타났다. F10.7이 250이하일 때는 F10.7이 커질수록 전자밀도는 거의 선형적으로 증가하였으며 전자온도도 증가는 하나 그 정도는 전자 밀도보다 작게 나타났다. F10.7이 250을 넘어가면 전자 밀도가 일정하거나 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 부가적으로 비슷한 고도의 DMSP-F15의 데이터와 비교를 통해 다목적 실용위성 1호의 관측결과의 신뢰성을 높였다.