• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.65-73
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• 2012

Microfinance has been an important tool for the economic growth and poverty alleviation. But the success factors and risk factors have not been synthesized in academic literature. This article has paid attention to success factors and potential risk of the Grameen Bank. Grameen Bank methodology is almost the reverse of the conventional banking methodology. Conventional banking is based on the principle that the more you have, the more you can get. Founder of Grameen Bank, Professor Yunus pointed out that, "The least you have the highest you have the priority to receive a loan". On the basis of theoretical literature, there have been different kinds of success factors of microfinance observed in this paper. Key success factors of Grameen Bank are like these: innovation, strict administrative structure, adaptation and learning practice, incentive system. Complementary services such as business consulting and brokerage will contribute to borrowers' economic performance development.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.397-409
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• 2015

The Global Financial Crisis and introduction of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) urged the banks to strengthen their asset qualities. The banks dispose their non performing loans(NPLs) consistently to maintain a sufficient BIS capital adequacy ratio. Accordingly, the interests in auctions, as a disposal method, of real estates that secured for NPLs are on the increasing. This study suggest an alternative for fairness consolidation of real estate auctions which secured for NPLs. First, the impartial entry barriers for NPL sales markets need to be eliminated for fair bidding competition in auctions for real estate that secured for NPLs. In addition, the portion of NPL disposal by real estate auctions need to be expanded. Second, the asymmetry of trade information in the retail markets of NPLs and the abuse of offset by NPL owners' also should be restricted. The Fairness improvement of NPL trading process and real estate auction process that secured for them would of great use in the protection of bidders. Futhermore, it would also contribute to the revitalization of real estate auction markets and the resolution of NPLs of banks through fair disposal of distressed assets.

• 대학교육
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• s.95
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• pp.65-73
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• 1998

지난 3월, 사립대학교를 운영하는 학교법인에 대하여 채권을 가지는 사람은 그 학교 법인이 은행에 예입해 놓고 있는 등록금에 대하여 압류하는 것이 허용된다는 대법원 판결이 내려졌다. 이 글은 본 대법원결정의 배경이 된 사실관계와 그 소송에서의 논점들을 살펴 보고, 채권의 강제적 만족과 압류 기타 강제집행 일반에 대해 간략히 살펴본 후, 사립학교법상 등록금에 대하여 어떠한 규율이 행하여 지고 있는지를 본다. 또한 그 전에 같은 내용으로 판단한 대법원의 재판과 비교해 이번의 사건이나 판단이 어떠한 의미를 가지는가를 다룬다.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.97-129
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• 2006

This study investigates whether dynamic loan loss provisioning is necessary in Korean banking environments. Under the dynamic provisioning rule banks are required to accumulate additional reserves to general and specific provisionings in preparation for expected loan losses until maturity. This provisioning is most effective in the case that banks tend to recognize less loan losses in the business upturns and/or in the periods of increasing profits. The empirical study, however, shows that banks support procyclicality of loan loss privisioning and earning smoothing behavior over profit fluctuations. These findings suggest that Korea would not seriously need the introduction of dynamic loan loss provisioning. But this policy implication does not seem robust in view that the recent experience shows the countercyclicality of loan loss provisioning practices and negative correlation between earnings and provisioning after financial restructuring was completed. This result is partly attributable to vigorous shareholder activism because of high foreign ownership of most commercial banks. Once it is true that bank management is more interested in short-term performances, current loan loss provisioning would have attributes of impairing capital adequacy, hence strengthening loan loss provisiong requirements.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.341-344
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• 1997

To check the possibility to use the pharmaceutical by product of ginkgo leaf for the improvement soil fertility, a pot experiment was conducted with paddy rice. There were three treatment; NPK alone, NPK+7000kg(air dry)/ha of ginkgo leaf waste and NPK+700 kg of water-washed ginkgo leaf waste (air dry)/ha. The result indicated that the application of ginkgo leaf waste severely retarded the growth of rice. Water washing did reduce the severity of retardation, but the water washed ginkgo leaf waste also retarded the growth of rice significantly. The result of this study suggested that ginkgo leaf waste may contain some growth inhibiting substance.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.53-80
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of the number of bank relationships in Korea. Firm-specific determinants considered here include leverage, size, age, return on asset, investment grade, tangibility, liquidity, R&D expenditure. We estimate the effects of these variables, and compare the results with those from previous studies performed for other economies. Concerning the effects of business cycle, we find that the business cycle is an important factor in determining the number of bank relationships. The number of bank relationships varies over the business cycle, and we notice a counter-cyclical behavior, which means the number decreases during economic expansions and increases during contractions. This result can be interpreted as a result of firms' diversification of borrowings into multiple banks in order to reduce the liquidity risk during the recession. In the subsets, however, the number of bank relationships for large firms is stable regardless of the business cycle. Unlisted firms, non-chaebol, and low credit quality firms which have relatively limited access to alternative sources of financing show counter-cyclical behavior. Finally, such phenomena is not observed in the non-competitive credit market, while they show a counter-cyclical behavior in the competitive credit market.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1-4
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• 1988

은행나무와 젓나무재(材)에 있어서의 방사유세포(放射柔細胞)에서 결정(結晶)이 확인(確認)되었는데 은행나무의 집정(集晶)만이 관찰(觀察)된 반면 젓나무에서는 다면체형(多面體形), 주정(柱晶)의 3종류가 관찰(觀察)되었다. 이러한 결정(結晶)은 일반적으로 자주 관찰(觀察)되었기에 수종식별(數種識別)의 한 인자(因子)가 될 수 있는 것으로 여겨졌다.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.18-25
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• 2007

지난해 말 전자금융 서비스 가입자 수가 6500만 명을 넘어섰으며, 올해로 도입 10년째를 맞이하고 있는 인터넷 뱅킹 서비스는 유비쿼터스 시대와 맞물려 우리 생활 깊숙이 자리 잡았다. 은행을 방문하지 않아도 일상생활에서 쉽게 접할 수 있는 전자매체를 통해 금융거래를 할 수 있다는 편리함으로 전자금융서비스를 이용한 거래가 창구거래보다 높은 상황이며, 전자금융거래 이용도는 계속 증가할 전망이다. 그러나 이러한 편리함 이면에는, 전자금융의 보안 허점을 노린 해킹시도가 끊이지 않고 있으며, 2005년 5월 인터넷 뱅킹 사고를 시작으로, 2007년 1월 대형 은행 고객정보 대량 유출 피싱 사건, 2007년 2월 공인인증서 유출로 인한 은행 불법 인출 사건 등 금전적인 이득을 노린 금융보안 사고들이 발생하고 있다. 최근 정부에서는 이러한 보안위협으로부터 사용자의 금융정보를 보호하고, 안전한 전자금융서비스를 제공하고자 "전자금융거래 안전성강화 종합대책"을 발표하였고, 이의 일환으로 기존 보안카드보다 보안성이 높은 OTP 기기를 개인고객에게도 도입하도록 하는 방안을 추진하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 일반 전자금융 서비스 고객에게도 확대되어 사용될 것으로 기대되는 OTP 기기의 기술 현황 및 국내 금융권 OTP 도입사례를 살펴보도록 한다.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.177-197
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• 2013

The updated International Standard Banking Practice(ISBP), International Chamber of Commerce Publication No. 745, was published to bring its contents in line with UCP 600. The ISBP 745 has dealt with A-Q that are commonly arising in the credit transactions and also explains in detail some of the articles of UCP 600 with the proper interpretation. The updated version ISBP 745 involved aligning it with UCP 600, making certain technical adjustments in expression of words such as "in conflict" instead of "inconsistent", etc. Despite the updated ISBP 745, there remains a question. Where the words "from" or "after" are used in regard to something other than a period of shipment or the maturity date of drafts, there is no guidance from the UCP as to its meaning. The party concerned in credit transactions is also required to have a full understanding of ISBP 745 and the articles of UCP 600 in order to acquire the documents preparation and examination facilitating the parties to minimize discrepancies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.4
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• pp.408-416
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• 2017

This study describes DNA fingerprinting analysis of twenty-three natural monument individuals of Ginkgo biloba using eight microsatellite markers. The average number of observed alleles was 6.875, and the expected heterozygosity and the observed heterozygosity were 0.711 and 0.710, respectively. This results were similar to those of the previous studies on Ginkgo trees analyzed by same markers in China and Japan. PIC value and PD were calculated at 0.677 and 0.9999 respectively, indicating a high individual identification efficiency. In fact, all of the natural monument ginkgo trees and additionally analyzed thirteen general ginkgo tress were identified by genotype comparison. PI and PD calculated in three markers (Ging06, Gb60, Gb61) with the highest PIC values calculated in natural monument ginkgo trees were $8.045{\times}10^{-5}$ and 99.99%, respectively. Thus, these three markers could be preferentially used in DNA fingerprinting for identifying ginkgo tree individuals. The results in this study will be useful for management of natural monument ginkgo trees, proliferation of their progeny and genetic identification of individuals selected in breeding process.