• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.504-511
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• 2010

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of feeding complex probiotics (Lactobacillus casei, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, Streptomyces griseus, $1.5{\times}10^{10}$ CFU/kg) and antibiotics (oxytetracycline (OTC), 110 ppm) on growth performance and meat quality characteristics of broiler chicks. In the experiment 1, 0.3% complex probiotics feeding level was chosen to be proper addition level due to better average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion (FC) and dressing percent (DP) results among 3 levels (0.1, 0.3 or 0.5%). In the experiment 2, 5 treatments (T1, no probiotics + no antibiotics; T2, probiotics 0.3% + no antibiotics; T3, probiotics 0.3% + antibiotics 50%; T4, probiotics 0.3% + antibiotics 100%; T5, no probiotics + antibiotics 100%) were investigated. In the growth performance of broilers, T5 (antibiotics 100% only) showed the highest (p<0.05) ADG and FC values while T1 (control) showed the worst growth performance. However, T3 (probiotics 0.3% + antibiotics 50%) showed higher ADG (p<0.05), FC (p<0.05) and DP (p>0.05) values compared to control. In the breast and leg meat quality, T3 showed similar pH, proximate composition, cooking loss and meat color values except shear force value compared to T5. Addition of 0.3% probiotics with 50% antibiotics (T3) tended to lower the blood cholesterol levels of broiler chicks and Escherichia coli or Salmonella counts in cecum microflora of broiler chicks compared to T5. In the residual antibiotics analysis, T3 contained 0.04 ppm of residual antibiotics in the breast meat while T4 or T5 contained 0.1 ppm of residual antibiotics and addition of 0.3% probiotics with 50% antibiotics in broiler diets could lower the residual antibiotics level to 40% in the meat. As a result, 0.3% probiotics addition with 50% antibiotics in the broiler diets could be recommended for the production of high quality broiler meat.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.341-347
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• 1998

This study was conducted to determine changes in circulating progesterone and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1(IGF-1) concentrations according to daily gain of 0.5 and 0.7 kg ; from 33 weeks of age until the onset of regular oestrus cycles in the heifer of Hanwoo. In all animals, progesterone concentrations was undetectable until just before first oestrus. A small progesterone elevation of approximately 6 days duration(based upon the mean progesterone profile) preceded the first oestrus in 13 heifers. The mean age at first oestrus of the daily gain 0.7 kg(331.0$\pm$ 15.0 days) group was earlier than those of the daily gain 0.5 kg(358.9$\pm$7.9 days) group, and the mean weight at first oestrus of the daily gain 0.7 kg(236.0$\pm$4.7 kg) group was heavier than those of the daily gain 0.5 kg(224.8$\pm$9.7 kg) group. IGF-1 concentrations from day 3 to 15 of first oestrus were higher than those of the earlier luteal stage(Day 0~1) and the luteal regression stage (Day 18~20). IGF-1 concentrations according to the growth stage (from 33 weeks to 57 weeks) increased gradually. On the basis of these results, we suggest that the onset of first oestrus in Hanwoo heifer is about 345 day of age, and progesterone concentrations are closely related to the IGF-1 concentration.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of an enriched diet supplemented with aqueous fibrolytic enzyme products (FEP) on In vitro fermentation and growth performance of Hanwoo Steers. Total mixed ration combined with fibrolytic enzyme products showed a slight increase in the pH level on In vitro fermentation. Acetate ratio in volatile fatty acids, and the concentration of total volatile fatty acids were significantly greater at 12hr and 24hr after cultivation (p<0.05). Dry matter digestibility was significantly increased in groups supplied with aqueous fibrolytic enzyme products at 24hr after cultivation (p<0.05). In a rearing trial, the average daily gain and feed efficiency improved in the treatment groups supplied with aqueous fibrolytic enzyme products. Nutrient digestibility such as DM, crude fiber, NDF, and ADF digestibility were also significantly increased with the addition of aqueous fibrolytic enzyme products (p<0.05). Therefore, the aqueous fibrolytic enzyme products supplementation on In vitro fermentation is effective in improving the condition of rumainal fermantation. Also two kinds of aqueous fibrolytic enzyme products were found to be effective in improving the average daily gain and feed efficiency in Hanwoo Steers.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the organic feed on weight gain, feed conversion rate, and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. Three feeding treatments(T1 : rice straw and commercial concentrates, T2 : organic hay and concentrates, T3 : organic corn silage and concentrates) for 22 months (from 6 to 28 months) were used. As a result, weight gain was not significantly different among treatments throughout this study. Also T1 tended to improve weight gain and daily weight gain without significance. The percentage of meat quality grade over the first grads ($1,\;1^+,\;1^{++}$) were 50% in the carcass of Hanwoo steers fed T1 and T2, and 70% fed T3, respectively. T2 and T3 tended to improve marbling score and oleic acid content.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.77-77
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• 2002

본 실험은 한우 종빈우의 임신말기에 Se과 Vit. E 투여가 종빈우의 분만 후 번식기능에 미치는 요인을 검토하였고, 임신말기 Se과 Vit. E 를 투여한 한우 종빈우에서 태어난 송아지의 발육능력을 조사하고, 혈액화학치와 혈중 Vit. E 농도에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 1. 분만 l 개월전 Se과 Vit E 을 투여한 한우 종빈우에서 태어난 송아지의 발육성적을 조사한 결과, 생시체중은 투여구가 대조구보다 높은 성적을 나타냈다 (P＜0.05). 또한 이유시 체중과 일당증체량도 투여구가 대조구 보다 다소 높은 성적을 나타냈으나 처리구간 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다 (P＞0.05). 한편 종빈우의 번식능력을 조사한 결과, 투여구가 대조구보다 초발정이 빨리 도래하였고, 수태 당 인공수정 횟수도 적었으나, 처리구간 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다 (P＞0.05). 2. Se과 Vit. E를 분만 2 개월전 4 회 투여한 한우 종빈우로부터 태어난 송아지의 발육성적을 조사한 결과, 생시체중, 이유시체중 및 일당증체량은 투여구가 대조구보다 높은 성적을 나타냈으나, 처리구간 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다 (P＞0.05). 한편, 한우 종빈우의 번식능력을 조사한 결과, 분만 후 초발정은 투여구가 대조구보다 초발정 발현이 빨랐으며 수태 당 인공수정 횟수는 투여구가 대조구에 비해 적었으나 처리구간 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다 (P＞0.05). 3. Se과 Vit. E를 분만 1개월전 2 회 투여한 한우 종빈우에서 태어난 송아지의 혈액성분에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과, 평균 혈중 albumin 은 Vit. E 2000IU 투여구가 여타구보다 높은 성적을 나타냈으며 (P＜0.05), 평균 혈중 cholesterol이 함량 또한 Vit. E 1500IU 투여구가 여타구보다 높게 나타났다 (P＜0.05). 그러나 혈중 BUN, creatinine, glucose, IP, calcium, TP 및 triglycerides 함량은 처 리 구간 유의 적 인 차이 는 없었다 (P＞0.05). 4. Se과 Vit. E를 분만 2 개월 전 4 회 투여한 한우 종빈우에서 태어난 송아지의 혈액성분에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과, 평균 혈중 albumin, cholesterol, BUN, creatinine, glucose, IP, calcium, TP 및 triglycerides 함량은 모든 처리구에서 유의적인 차이가 인정되지 않았다 (P＞0.05). 5. 분만 l 개월 전 Se과 Vit. E를 투여한 한우 종빈우로부터 태어난 송아지의 혈중 Vit. E 농도를 측정한 결과, 평균 혈중 Vit. E 농도는 투여구가 대조구보다 다소 높은 농도를 나타냈으나 처리구간 유의적인 차이는 없었다 (P＞0.05). 6. 분만 2 개월 전에 Se과 Vit. E를 투여한 한우 종빈우로부터 태어난 송아지의 혈중 Vit. E 농도에 미치는 효과를 검토한 결과, 투여구가 대조구보다 다소 높은 농도를 나타냈으나 처리구간 커다란 차이는 없었다 (P＞0.05).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2015

This study assessed the impacts of grazing and barn feeding on the reproductive performance of black goats and the growth performance of goatlings to gather basic data for the establishment of an ideal goat-breeding system. A total of 36 Korean black goats were grouped by feeding system (a pasture grazing group and a barn feeding group, n=18) over the 8-month study period from April to November 2011. The difference between the singleton pregnancy rate of the grazing group, measured at 31.5%, and the barn-feeding group's 37.0% was not statistically significant. Also, breeding type did not yield any meaningful differences, with 1.76 live births recorded for the grazing group and 1.69 recorded for the barn-feeding group. In regard to weaner goats, the grazing group showed a higher number compared to the barn-feeding group (p=0.11). The birth weight of the grazing group was measured at 2.3 kg, while that of the barn-feeding group was 2.29 kg, with breeding type yielding no significant differences. The grazing group's weight at 90 days of age was 9.97 kg, which was higher than the barn-feeding group's 9.45 kg (p=0.09). The grazing group showed higher daily weight gain during the lactation period than the barn-feeding group (p=0.13). Overall, with breeding type considered, the grazing group did not show significant differences in terms of the number of live births and birth weights compared to the barn-feeding group; however, the grazing group showed better outcomes in terms of daily weight gain. As it has been shown that grazing satisfies the physiological needs of goats more effectively than barn feeding, we believe that it contributes to the farming of healthy goats.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2003

The objective of this study were to investigate the effects of Se and Vit. E administration at last month or two month before parturition on the reproductive function of dams and developmental ability of calves. On developmental ability of calves obtained afier Se and Vit. E administration at the last month of pregnancing periods, the birth weight were significantly higher in administration groups than in control group(P<0.05). However, the weaning weight, average daily gain and weaning age were not significantly difference in all experimental groups. In the comparision of reproductive function in dams, estrus postpartum was faster in treatment groups than control groups(P>0.05). However, the number of A.1 service fur conception were lower groups injected than control group(P>0.05), there were not significantly differences in all experimental groups. The developmental ability of calves obtained after Se and Vit. E administration at two months before parturition were also examined. The birth weight, weaning weight, average daily gain and weaning age were higher in treatment groups than control group, but there were not significantly differences in all experimental groups. In reproductive function of dams, the days to 1 st estrus postpartum was slightly faster injected groups than control group(P>0.05). Number of A.I. service for conception in each groups were lower in treatment groups than control group.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.53-59
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• 2024

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of initial body weight and synbiotics supplementation in the diet on growth performance of weaned pigs. A total of 80 crossbred pigs (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc, d 28±3, body weight 6.40±1.70 kg) were randomly distributed 4 treatments (4 replication, 5 pigs/replication). The treatments were 1) high initial body weight group (PC), 2) low initional body weight group (NC), 3) low initial body weight with 0.2% antibiotics (amoxicillin) supplementaion group (AB), 4) low initial body weight with 0.2% synbiotics (AllTech^® Bio-Mos 0.3%, 0.3%, Bacillus subtillis 0.1%, formic acid 0.1%) supplementation group (Syn). AllTech^® Bio-Mos is consist of at least 25% of glucomannanprotein extracted from the cell wall of Saccaromycess cerevisae. Growth performance was measured during 28 d. Average daily gain (ADG) of AB and Syn groups were significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of NC group. However, final body weight at the end of experiment were not different among NC, AB, and Syn groups. Initial body weight and final body weight of PC group were statistically (p<0.001) higher compared to those of other groups. Additionally, PC showed the tendency of lower average daily feed intake and higher ADG, thereby lower feed conversion ratio compared with other groups. Therefore, the current results imply that supplementation of antibiotics and synbiotics in diets for weaned pigs could not catch up with significant differences in initial body weight.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.51-60
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• 2006

Studies were carried out using growing to finishing pigs to investigate adequate floor space ($m^2/pig$) in Jeju environment. A randomized block design was used to compare the effect of pig performance on 3 stocking rates (low $0.56 m^2/pig$, medium 0.70 and high 0.90). Liveweight gain and feed intake were measured over a 4 week(Growth stage 1 and Growth stage 2) period or a 3 week(Growth stage 3) period. In growth stage 1 (43 to 65 kg body weight ; BW), daily weight gain was significantly higher in the medium stocking rate than in low or high (P<0.05). However, no significant difference in daily weight gain was found among treatments in growth stage 2(65 to 91 kg) or 3 (91 to 105 kg). Dressing percentage, back fat thickness and carcass grade were also not different (P>0.05). In conclusion, daily weight gain of pigs reared in medium density appeared to be higher than in the other groups during the early growing period which is $0.70m^2/pig$ and similar to that recommended by National Livestock Research Institute, RDA.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.383-388
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the dry matter intake, weight gain and the required area of grazing pasture for dairy goats. The experimental trials were conducted from April, 2007 to June, 2008 at the animal experimental station in Chungnam National University. The seed mixtures of grazing pasture were composed of orchardgrass (40%) + tall fescue (20%) + perennial ryegrass (10%) + alfalfa (15%) + red clover (15%). The grazing area was $5,000\;m^2$ which was composed of 4 paddocks (average $1,250\;m^2$/plot) and the goats were grazed twelve times by a rotational grazing system. The dairy goats (Saanen) were selected which had nearly the same body weight (average 31.1kg). The average chemical composition of herbage of mixture in grazing periods was crude protein (20.4%), NDF (65.3%) and ADF (31.1%) respectively and the in vitro dry matter digestibility was 68.9%. The average dry matter intake amount per head was 1.253 kg, and the intake amount per body weight was 3.01%. The average body weight gain during the grazing periods (184 days) was 17.4 kg, and the daily gain was 98 g. The required area of grazing pasture was calculated at $467.7\;m^2$ a dairy goat (weight 50 kg basis). This figure, being converted into animal unit (AU), corresponded to approximately 2.14 AU/ha.