• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.241-245
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• 2008

The characteristics of temperature profile around human body with heating life vest at sea were investigated in this paper. Especially, the temperature profile of human body was numerically calculated by finite difference method with Mathcad. The main parameters were seasonal mean sea water temperature, heating amount and heating duration time of heating life vest. In this paper, the boundary layer was composed by the difference matters, and the thermal conductivity was calculated with an adjacent cells using thermal resistance method. It was clarified that the body temperature was kept highly and the risk of death from hypothermia was reduced by wearing heating life vest.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.7 no.3 s.25
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• pp.97-107
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to grasp the characteristic of indoor thermal environment from large enclosures in connection with heating condition and outdoor environment. This study has measured indoor thermal environment in accordance with heat loads from occupant for large enclosures in winter. We examined indoor thermal environment of the large enclosures in this study which include temperature distribution vertical, horizontal, seat and surface and thermal comfort environment.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.93-106
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• 2015

In accordance with escalating demands for advanced technology products, the smart clothing that includes embedded ICT technology have expanded into fields of daily life. As a result of this trend, interest in smart clothing with digitally controllable heating has rapidly grown and the market for smart heated clothing has also expanded. Increasing of prospect in smart heated clothing market, the effectiveness and thermal sensation research of the location on the pad attached is insufficient. This study was conducted to find the optimal location of heated clothing via experimental research on changes in skin temperature and subjective thermal sensation when heating pads were placed on different areas of the body. For this experiment, the subjects consisted of 10 males in their 20's of standard physique. The skin temperature at 11 different areas of the body, rectal temperature, and subjective thermal sensation were taken at different stages (before testing, after a 20 minute rest period, 20 minute treatment period, and after a 40 minute recovery period) in an artificial-climate chamber at $-5^{\circ}C$. As a result, the optimal location for heating pads in smart clothing was estimated and suggested.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.604-608
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• 2016

In recent years, research and development has been carried out in order to increase the economical efficiency and stability in terms of efficient use of energy for the heating apparatus. Especially, technology development for high performance and new functional materials is actively being carried out. This paper focuses on the development of exothermic products with excellent energy transfer characteristics. The heating element used for bedding or mattress uses a heating wire. Since the heating wire is thin, the distribution of heat is concentrated only around the heating wire,. In addition, electromagnetic induction is harmful to the human body and energy consumption is high. Therefore, it is aimed to develop a planar heating panel using SiC ceramics which can radiate far-infrared rays and anions to be harmless to the human body, but also has excellent heat conduction to enhance energy efficiency.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2024

The heating element utilizing the Joule heating generated when current flows through a conductor is widely researched and developed for various industrial applications such as moisture removal in automotive windshield, high-speed train windows, and solar panels. Recently, research utilizing heating elements with various nanostructures has been actively conducted to develop flexible heating elements capable of maintaining stable heating even under mechanical deformation conditions. In this study, flexible polyurethane possessing excellent flexibility was selected as the substrate, and silver (Ag) thin films with low electrical resistivity (1.6 μΩ-cm) were fabricated as the heating layer using magnetron sputtering. The 2D heating structure of the Ag thin films demonstrated excellent heating reproducibility, reaching 95% of the target temperature within 20 seconds. Furthermore, excellent heating characteristics were maintained even under mechanically deforming environments, exhibiting outstanding flexibility with less than a 3% increase in electrical resistance observed in repetitive bending tests (10,000 cycles, based on a curvature radius of 5 mm). This demonstrates that polyurethane/Ag planar heating structure bears promising potential as a flexible/wearable heating element for curved-shaped appliances and objects subjected to diverse stresses such as human body parts.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.172-180
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to observe the heat transfer process in in-vivo human muscle based on Proton Resonance Frequency(PRF) method in Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI). MRI was obtained to measure the temperature variation according to the heat transfer in phantom and in-vivo human calf muscle. A phantom(2% agarose gel) was used in this experiment. MR temperature measurement was compared with the direct temperature measurement using a T-type thermocouple. After heating agarose gel to more than 5$0^{\circ}C$ in boiling hot water, raw data were acquired every 3 minutes during one hour cooling period for a phantom case. For human study heat was forced to deliver into volunteer's calf muscle using hot pack. Reference data were once acquired before a hot pack emits heat and raw data were acquired every 2 minutes during 30minutes. Acquired raw data were reconstructed to phase-difference images with reference image to observe the temperature change. Phase-difference of the phantom was linearly proportional to the temperature change in the range of 34.2$^{\circ}C$ and 50.2$^{\circ}C$. Temperature resolution was 0.0457 radian /$^{\circ}C$(0.0038 ppm/$^{\circ}C$) in phantom case. In vivo-case, mean phase-difference in near region from the hot pack is smaller than that in far region. Different temperature distribution was observed in proportion to a distance from heat source.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 1983

용접중 발생되는 흄(Fume) 및 가스는 용접작업 환경을 오염시킬 뿐만 아니라 인체에 매우 유해하다. 용접 흄(Fume)은 금속 산화물로 구성된 아주 작은 입자이며 가스는 일반적으로 CO, CO$_{2}$, NO$_{x}$, SO$_{x}$, XF 등으로 구성되어 있다. 일반 피복 아아크 용접봉에서 발생되는 용접 흄은 인체에 매우 해로운 영향을 미친다. 즉 다량 흡입하게 되면 두통, 발열 등 급성 증상이 발생한다. 또한 소량을 장시간 흡입해도 진폐 등 만성증상을 일으킨다. 그러므로 현 국내 용접장에서는 흄에 의한 장해 방지를 위하여 충분한 환기시설과 완벽한 보호구 착용, 그리고, 용접 재료 자체의 흄 발생량을 감소시킨 저흄 용접봉(low fume type electrode)의 사용 방법 등이 검토 실시되고 있다. 본 보고서에서는 흄에 대한 올바른 인식을 꾀하는 한편, 용접자의 건강 보호를 목적으로 개발된 조선 및 철구조물의 주요 용접 재료인 철분 산화철계 저흄 용접봉에 관하여 소개하고자 한다.

• Proceeding of KASS Symposium
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.3-8
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to provide fundamental cooling design data for the large public enclosures as gymnasium. This study executed indoor thermal environment verification of the existing gymnasium by measuring temperature distribution with cooling the space in summer. Cooling loads from human body was not considered. We examined various indoor thermal environment factors of the large enclosed space in this study which include vertical and horizontal temperature distribution, supply and return air flow feature, thermal comfort environment feature, amount of ventilation and etc.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.355-361
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• 2011

The power control of the existing heating element has been using the On-Off control, phase control, and PWM control. In case of controlling power PTC heating element developed recently with the existing method, the temperature is unable to be precisely controlled or the harmful electromagnetic wave to human body is generated. In this paper, We suggest the power control of PTC heating cable using variable AC Cycles. This regards the AC cycle of N as the unit of the power control. It determines On-Off for each cycle. It is the AC power control method in which it arranges the on-cycle in N cycles in the random and it supplies the current continuously. At this time. the minimal electric power amount becomes 1/N. The maximum current amount becomes 1 and sets up the number of on cycles according to the set value and can control the electric power with the step of N consistently. In the PTC heating system, we show that proposed power control method is superior in the EMI and temperature control property using MATLAB simulation, experiments and measurements.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.1617_1618
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• 2009

의료용으로 사용되는 조명은 의사가 환자의 환부에 대해 정확히 판단할 수 있도록 조명으로서의 역할을 할 수 있어야 한다. 이러한 이유로 의료용에 사용되는 조명은 일반 조명으로 사용되는 광원에 비해 보다 특별한 사양들이 요구되어 진다. 기존의 수술용 무영등으로 사용되어 지는 광원은 대부분이 할로겐이나 제논 램프를 이용한 광원이었다. 할로겐이나 제논 램프의 경우는 100-1,000시간 정도의 수명을 가지고 있다. 이러한 광원들은 환자의 환부에 유해한 영향을 미칠 수 있는 UV 파장을 발생한다. 제논램프의 경우는 광원의 특성상 많은 양의 발열을 포함한다. 이러한 수명 및 발열 등의 문제를 가지고 있는 광원을 LED로 대체할 경우 LED가 가지고 있는 장점들을 수술용 무영등에 반영할 수 있다. LED광원은 다른 광원에 비해 장수명의 광원이며 인체에 유해한 파장을 거의 발생시키지 않는다. 또한 고연색성의 조명을 구현할 수 있으며 친환경적인 조명으로 구현할 수 있다. 이러한 LED의 장점을 고려하여 의료용 조명에 적용한다면 기존의 많은 의료용 조명을 LED로 대체할 수 있을 것이다.