• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.203-210
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• 2013

In spite of adoption of various IMO Conventions over the past, the reason why large vessel accidents related to human life and marine environment occur is that the IMO Conventions are not effectively implemented due to contravention of the conventions by flag states. In particular, the implementation of the conventions are not well being performed because some flag states having weak genuine link between them and vessels haven't set up proper personal and structural organizations in charge of maritime safety and marine environment protection. From this background, IMO Resolution A.946(23) on the voluntary IMO Member-state Audit Scheme was adopted at the 23rd Assembly in Nov. 2003 and the Scheme is expected to be executed compulsorily in 2015 through the adoption of the IMO Resolution A.1018(26) in Nov. 2009. Accordingly, this study examined outline of the IMO Member-state Audit Scheme and the Code for the Implementation of Mandatory IMO Instruments used for the audit standards of this scheme. In addition, this study reviewed the member-states' obligations and responsibilities according to the compulsory implementation of the member-state audit scheme in 2015. Based on this, this study suggested the enhancement measures for maritime education and training of maritime education institutions of the Republic of Korea to cope positively with compulsory implementation of the IMO Member-state Audit Scheme.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1081-1082
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• 2003

교육인적자원부에서는 학교급식의 안전성 확보를 위하여 1999년에 특별정책 연구를 실시하여 학교급식 HACCP 일반모델을 개발 보급하고 2001년부터는 규모가 큰 학교에서 조리실이 설치된 모든 급식학교로 점진적으로 적용을 확대하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 학교급식에서 식중독 사고는 증가 추세에 있으므로 학교급식에서의 HACCP 시스템을 재진단하고 수행도가 낮은 중점관리점의 문제점을 짚어내는 것이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 대전지역의 초, 중, 고등학교 영양사 153명을 대상으로 위생관리 직무 수행도와 HACCP의 일부 CCP (중점관리점)수행도, HACCP에 대한 인지도, 급식시설현황 등에 대하여 조사하고 변인간의 관련성을 분석하였다. 조사 대상자는 초등학교 영양사 56.5%, 중학교 영양사 25.5%, 고등학교 영양사 17.6%이었으며 4년제 대학 졸업자가 51.0%로 가장 많았고 연령은 30-34세가 36.6%, 35-40세가 21.6%로 30대가 대부분이었다. 근무경력은 평균 5.8년이었으며 영양사 1인당 담당하는 평균 학생수는 1,163명, 조리종사원 1인당 배식 아동수는 평균 124명이었다. 배식방법은 교실배식이 56.2%, 식당배식 34.6%, 교실과 식당의 혼합형태가 9.2%로 교실배식이 차지하는 비율이 많았고 직영급식이 90.2%로 대부분을 차지하였다. 위생관리 영역의 수행도는 개인위생관리 부문이 가장 높았고 기기설비 위생관리, 저장관리, 교차오염관리, 시간관리, 온도관리 순으로 나타났으며, 특히 온도관리 수행도는 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 식당배식을 실시하는 학교의 온도관리 수행도가 다른 그룹에 비해 높았고 직영급식의 시간관리수행도가 위탁급식 보다 높았다. 영양사의 연령과 근무경력이 증가할수록 모든 위생관리영역에서 수행도가 높아지는 경향을 보였다. CCP별 수행정도 평가에서는 ‘운반 및 배식과정(CCP7)’이 가장 높은 수행도를 나타냈고 그 다음으로는 ‘검수’, ‘식품취급 및 조리과정’, ‘식품접촉 표면 세척 및 소독과정’, ‘식단의 구성’, ‘생채소 및 과일의 소독’, ‘잠재적으로 위험한 식단의 관리’ 순으로 나타났다. ‘운반 및 배식과정의 수행도’는 식당배식이 유의적으로 높은 점수를 보였고 CCP8(식품접촉표면의 세척 및 소독)를 제외한 모든 영역에서 직영급식이 위탁급식에 비해 높은 유의성을 나타내었다. 또한 근무경력과 연령이 많을수록 모든 CCP영역에서 높은 수행도를 보였다. CCP1과 CCP2의 수행도가 낮은 주된 이유로 ‘CCP1과 CCP2의 관리기준이 이해하기 어렵다’이었다. 학교 급식관리 영양사의 HACCP시스템에 대한 지식 및 이해 정도를 조사한 결과 HACCP 인지도 점수의 평균은 총 100점 만점에 전체 평균 점수는 74.9점이었다 CCP별 점수분포는 CCP7의 인지도 점수가 가장 높았고 CCP6, CCP1, CCP5, CCP3, CCP8, CCP2의 순으로 절차 낮아졌다. 정규직의 HACCP인지도 점수가 위탁직 보다 높았으며 근무경력에서도 경력이 3년 미만인 경우가 가장 낮고 8년 이상인 경우가 가장 높은 점수를 보였다. 급식시설면은 보온보냉시설을 갖춘 학교가 온도관리 부문에서 갖추지 않은 학교보다 높은 수행도를 나타냈고, 전처리실과 손 소독기가 있는 학교는 교차오염관리 부문에서 높은 수행도를 보였다.

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.225-241
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• 2018

Self-driving is meaningful activity for older persons because it enlarges the range of activity and provides opportunities for social participation. Driving is a complex activity that requires integration of physical, cognitive and sensory functions and is influenced by human and psychological factors. Age related functional deterioration affects the driving ability of older drivers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the risk of accidents and driving cessation of elderly drivers through systematic literature review. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, KoreaMed, Pubmed were used for searching articles published from 2007 to 2017. 'aged', 'aging', 'automobile driving', 'age factors' were used as search terms and 18 articles were finally selected for analysis among 1,458 articles. In result of the study, the most significant effect showed in the physical domain, the driving habit and the performance function. The most frequent used tools evaluated driving habit and the cognitive function. In demographic characteristics, there was a correlation with the driving discontinue according to sex and age. This study emphasizes the necessity of preparing measures for safety driving with elderly. In addition, it suggests the necessity of systematically services such as individual education programs based on various driving cessation related factors of the elderly.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1147-1159
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• 2018

This study focuses on the verification of a rapid protection automation system using an inflatable structure. The inflatable structure is an automatic rapid protection system against human and material damage when the subsea tunnel is flooded. Especially, it is essential for construction and operation of subsea tunnels. In this study, we have experimentally verified the rapid protection automation system using the inflatable structure designed for this problem. In order to verify this, a model tunnel with a 40: 1 reduction ratio was constructed, and air pressure of 0.1 bar and 0.15 bar was injected to divide the tunnel according to the expansion rate at 10 sec and 20 sec. According to the results of the study, the protection efficiency was better at 0.15 bar than 0.1 bar when the expansion structure was expanded, and the protection efficiency and influent control efficiency were different according to the pneumatic injection time of the inflating structure. As a result of this study, it was found that the higher the internal air pressure of the inflated structure and the faster the inflation of rate, the more effectively the inflated structure was inflated. As a result of this study, it is necessary to further study the wedge type structure which is useful for the storage method of expansion structure, shape and expansion derivative, inhibition of expansion structure during protection and control of inflow water.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.604-613
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• 2018

In recent years, numerous train derailment accidents caused by deterioration and high speed technology of railways have increased. Guardrails or barriers of railway bridges are installed to restrain and prevent the derailment of the train body level. On the other hand, it can result in a high casualties and secondary damage. Therefore, a Derailment Containment Provision (DCP) within the track at the wheel/bogie level was developed. DCP is designed for rapid installation because it reduces the impact load on the barrier and inertia force on the steep curve to minimize turnover, fall, and trespass on the other side track of the bridge. In this paper, DCP was analyzed using LS-Dyna with a parameter study as the impact loading location and interface contact condition. The contact conditions were analyzed using the Tiebreak contact simulating breakage of material properties and Perfect bond contact assuming fully attached. As a result, the Tiebreak contact behaved similarly with the actual behavior. In addition, the maximum displacement and flexural failure was generated on the interface and DCP center, respectively. The impact analysis was carried out in advance to confirm the DCP design due to the difficulties of performing the actual impact test, and it could change the DCP anchor design as the analysis results.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Construction Safety
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2019

$21^{st}$ century is digitally civilized era. Technologies such as AI, Iot, Big Data, Mobile and etc makes this era digitally advanced. These advancement of the technology greatly impacted detection range of the radar. Human's eye sight can see about 20Km and hear 20 ~ 20000 Hz. These limitations can be overcome using radar. This radar technology is used in military, aircraft, ship, vehicle and etc. to replace human eye. However, radar technology is capable of making False Alarm Rate. This document will propose the fix of these problems. Radar's distortion includes beam refraction, diffraction and reflection. These inaccurate data result in deterioration of human judgements and my cause various casualties and damages. Radar goes through annual testing to test how many false alarm is being produced. Normal radar usually makes 10 to 20 False alarms. In emergency situation, if operator were to follow this false alarm, this might result in following false object or take 12 more seconds to follow the right object. This problem can be overcome by using different radar data from different places and angles. This helps reduces False Alarm rate and track the object twice as fast.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.734-746
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• 2020

Purpose: Increase in the size and number of underpasses rises occurrence of disasters such as fire and flooding inundation in underpasses. In the occurrence of disasters, the underpasses are more vulnerable to expose of crucial disasters than the general roads due to they are built underground. Therefore, The purpose of this paper is to derive system improvement items to prevent and control disasters in underpasses. Method: A hierarchical model of disaster impact factors and alternatives was developed based on prior researches and expert advices on disaster analyses and impact factors in the underpasses. The developed model was employed for surveys of pairwise comparison, and rankings of improvement were determined by applying the AHP method. Result: With a consistency of the surveys, results of relative weights of evaluation criteria(traffic accidents, fire, flooding inundation) and alternatives(law, system/planning, maintenance/human factor/environment) shows that improvement of laws and system related to the fire disaster is a top priority to prevent and control disaster of the underpasses. Conclusion: From experts' point of view, strengthening laws and systems related to disater prevention facilities such as water spray facilities, external(ground) exit in relation to fire in underpasses showed that it is an alternative to prevent disasters and minimize damage to underpasses.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.883-899
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• 2012

This study will propose the policy priorities of cyber information security by AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) survey. The policy categories for AHP survey consist in the foundation of information security and activity of information security(1st hierarchy). In the second hierarchy, the foundation of information security was classified into laws-system, human resources, h/w-s/w technology and sociocultural awareness. And the activity of information security was divided into infrastructure protection, privacy protection, related industry promotion, and national security. Information policy alternatives were composed of 16 categories in the third hierarchy. According to the AHP result, in the perspective of policy importance, the modification of related laws was the first agenda in the policy priority, better treatment of professionals was the second, and the re-establishment of policy system was the third. In the perspective of policy urgency, the re-establishment of policy system was the first item, the modification of related laws was the second, and better treatment of professionals is the third.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_3
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• pp.1749-1760
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• 2022

In modern society, human and social damages caused by natural disasters and frequent disaster accidents have been increased year by year. Prompt access to dangerous disaster sites that are inaccessible or inaccessible using state-of-the-art Earth observation equipment such as satellites, drones, and survey robots, and timely collection and analysis of meaningful disaster information. It can play an important role in protecting people's property and life throughout the entire disaster management cycle, such as responding to disaster sites and establishing mid-to long-term recovery plans. This special issue introduces the National Disaster Management Research Institute (NDMI)'s disaster management technology that utilizes various Earth observation platforms, such as mobile survey vehicles equipped with close-range disaster site survey sensors, drones, and survey robots, as well as satellite technology, which is a tool of remote earth observation. Major research achievements include detection of damage from water disasters using Google Earth Engine, mid- and long-term time series observation, detection of reservoir water bodies using Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images and artificial intelligence, analysis of resident movement patterns in case of forest fire disasters, and data analysis of disaster safety research. Efficient integrated management and utilization plan research results are summarized. In addition, research results on scientific investigation activities on the causes of disasters using drones and survey robots during the investigation of inaccessible and dangerous disaster sites were described.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.45-59
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• 2022

This study attempted to investigate how the transformational leadership perceived by flowers of telemarketing organizations. In particular, this study explored the moderating effect of followership in the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational performance. To verify the research model, 321 surveys collected from 10 domestic call centers were analyzed. Reliability, correlation, factor analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis were performed, and as a result of the analysis, it was found that the transformational leadership in the telemarketing organizations had a positive effect on organizational performance. In addition, it was confirmed that goal consistency, proactive participation, critical thinking, and team spirit, which are the four sub-variables of followership, all have a positive (+) effect on organizational performance, and both goal consistency and proactive participation moderate the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational performance. Considering the special working environment of telemarketing organizations, the results of this study suggest the need for a corporate educational role to increase transformational leadership and followership and the need to build environments by setting up an atmosphere for members to exercise follow-up, and opening up communication structures for members to follow.