• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.217-222
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• 2009

Safe navigation is closely related to the fatigue of marine officers. Also, the fatigue of duty officer can cause serious marine accidents. In this study, the documentary survey about the marine officers' working environments, fatigue factors and symptoms was conducted. And the questionnaire survey which is related to the fatigue analysis factors such as sleepiness, mental physical workload and alcohol for apprentice officers was carried out, and the results of questionnaire survey were analyzed. Lastly, on the basis of this study, the fatigue analysis model was suggested in order to assess the marine officers' performance in the future.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2019

This paper considers the historical background of the emergence of 'thinking-machine,' that has changed the ontological statue of human and machine. In particular, British mathematician Charles Babbage's Calculating Engines is examined as a material iteration of thinking-machine, focusing on the discursive process by which thought is not the faculty of human, but the function of machine. In Chapter II, I review the dualism of René Descartes who denied the possibility of machine intelligence by separating the substance of body and mind. In Chapter III, Babbage's philosophical assertions which emphasized the function of human associated with thought by rejecting the fundamental opposition between human and machine. Therefore, this paper verifies that the conception of 'thinking-machine' essentially causes the reorganization and reformulation of concepts involved with human identity, and provides the sophisticated sources to prepare new perspective on the artificial technology nowadays.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.27
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• pp.79-132
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• 2016

The view of life and death in Daesoonjinrihoe includes all the gods of Heaven and Earth, and the human heart is taken as the foundational key. Practitioners can realize their value according to how much they have cultivated themselves. This is regarded as the mythical use of a singularly focused mind (full dedication of one's heart). In other words, it focuses on the potentiality of humans who are able to enter a transcendental area of divinity through their self-cultivation. This view of life and death in Daesoonjinrihoe was established by the religious mission known as "Samgye Gongsa (the Reordering of Three Realms of Heaven, Earth, and Humanity)." Samgye Gongsa indicated a new opening of the Three Realms of Heaven, Earth, and Humanity. This new opening is a return to the original principle of Heavenly operation and also a new order for the universe. Heaven and Earth have their own underlying principle by which they operate. This act was directly initiated and manifested from Dao. Daesoonjinrihoe diagnoses that the underlying principle by which Heaven operates was damaged by human misconduct, and as a result, the human observance of that principle fell out of common usage. Therefore, Daesoonjinrihoe gives priority to the reestablishment of Dao as it existed originally and tries to bring about reconciliation between Heaven and Earth and Humanity. In short, it resolves the grievances accrued since time immemorial by correcting the order of Sindo (Divine Law). Furthermore, it shows that the Dao of Sangsaeng (mutual beneficence) was created by reordering the arrangement of Heaven and Earth so that human beings and divine beings could reach a state of perfection through self-realization. Humans not only communicate with Heaven and Earth, but also communicate with divine beings. Divine beings are transcendent living beings capable of communicating with humans through their heart-minds. In Daesoon thought, human beings are not swayed by the power of divine beings, but instead are able to control divine beings through the transcendent power of their heart-minds. Given this view, the aim of Daesoonjinrihoe lies in participating in the harmony of Heaven and Earth through the cultivation of the human heart. Also, it sees that the human heart-mind can be united with the universal Dao, and thus it is able to be united with the deities of Heaven and Earth. In order to actualize this, one does not rely on exterior rituals or magic but has to focus instead on cultivating the moral ethics of the heart-mind to reach perfection. In other words, one can reach a transcendent level in one's heart-mind through the cultivation of a singularly focused mind and be free from the contradiction of life and death and other such torments. Life and death is an inevitable process for humans. So they do not have to be happy for life and sad for death. They can rather be free from the fear of death by fulfilling the energetic zenith of the human heart-mind via training themselves to transcend their physical bodies. No aging and no death is not a pursuit of radical longevity or immortality for the physical body, but rather a pursuit of the essence of life and the realization of eternity on a spiritual level. Daesoonjinrihoe pursues the state of being unified with Dao by developing "Jeong·Gi·Sin (精·氣·神 the internal energies of essence, pneuma, and spirit)" and trying to reach the transcendent state of non-aging and radical longevity by spurring the practice of self-realization and the discovery one's own innate nature. Through the practice of human ethics, they can access the creative functions of Heaven and Earth and become one with Heavenly Dao thereby achieving harmony between temporal existence and eternity. In this way, humans transcend the life and death of their physical bodies. When "Doins (trainees of Dao)" reach the true state of unification with Dao through singularly focused cultivation, they not only realize self perfection as human beings, but also enable themselves the means to do away with all disasters and forms of suffering. They thereby attain ultimate happiness in their lives.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.185-198
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze representation of characters of AOS online-game in order to find out the meanings of ontological game characters. This study selects characters of on-line game to analyze representations of game characters by Pierre L$\acute{e}$vy's ontological theory. The characters which represented in on-line games reproduced by costume play in off-line world reflect human desire and construct human existence. Online game character is an existing substance, which could expand human experiences by crossing virtual game world and reality in digital era.

• Korean Educational Research Journal
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.59-79
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• 2020

Men learning has no fixed route. In other words, any route can be taken, which can also be seen in the structure of other "complex systems" discussed in modern society. It can also be examined through Yang's long-standing classic, The Book of Changes Men learning itself started from informal learning to become today's formal learning. As we look at the stages of human civilization's progress, we can quickly discover these stages of development. The issue of human beings has always been a topic of discussion, and these discussions are ongoing. Men learn through language and tools, technology and culture, and through philosophy, art, and religion to deal with their complex and diverse mental world. Through these various activities, learning is accomplished. This is not limited to the physical processes of one generation learning through inheriting knowledge; men's learning, a kind of mental process, has extended our life. This is why there is no other reason that men's minds and learning are always developing. This study is about how to learn in a complex and diversified modern society and to find out how to coexist with the principles of the "complex system" and The Book of Changes.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.56-56
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• 1996

인간의 사고 기능과 학습기능이 '뇌'를 바탕으로 이루어진다고 할 때, 뇌의 긴장을 풀어 원래의 건강하고 창조적인 이완 상태에서의 학습 상태가 유효하게 된다. 즉, 뇌파가 " $\alpha$" 상태 가 되었을 때 긴장된 신체의 각 부분이 충분히 이완되고 두뇌는 맑고 건강한 상태를 유지하여 활발하고 창조적인 상태가 된다. 뇌파의 측정 및 분석된 기존 연구에 의하면, 인간의 심리상태와 신체 상태, 행동 패턴에도 직, 간접적인 영향을 주어 뇌파의 조절이 인간 잠재능력 개발의 첩경이라는 결과가 보고되어진다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구에서는 뇌의 특성을 고려하여 뇌를 이완시킴으로써 학생들의 학습능력을 향상시키 기 위한 새로운 접근 방법을 시도한다. 뇌파 조절이 가해지는 환경하에 학습 효율의 변화 정도를 정성적( 심리적, 학습적, 신체적) 및 정량적(영어 단어 암기력 TEST, 뇌파 특정 등)으로 평가 및 분석을 통해 뇌파 조절 효과가 학생들의 학습 효율을 더욱 향상 시킬 수 있는 지의 타당성을 검증하고 그 결과를 바탕으로 새로운 학습 방법을 모색하고자 한다. 한편, 본 연구에서는 실험 대상을 본 대학 임의의 2학년 학생 13 명 을 대상으로 하고 실험기간은 약 4개월에 걸쳐 실험 하였다. 뇌파 측정은 13명중 임의의 학생 7명을 선정 하여 각 40분씩 측정 분석하였다. 또한 영어 단어 암기력 TEST를 실시하여 그 결과를 뇌파 조절 전,후로 나누어 비교 분석하였다. 정성적 분석으로서 종합 설문지를 이용한 15 개 항목의 5점 척도를 사용하여 분석하였으며 가가 통계 이론을 이용하여 검증하였다. 뇌파 측정은 수행 전후 비교 결과 " .alpha. " 노출 비율이 수행 전보다 수행 후가 다소 높은 비유로 나타났으며, 특히 영어 단어 암기력은 평균적으로 크게 상승되는 것으로 나타났다. 정성적 분석 결과에서는 많은 심리적 변화 상태가 나타나고 있지만 전체적으로 마음의 안정감, 몸의 긴장 이완에 따른 건강 상태 유지, 수업 집중도 향상 등이 나타났다. 위와 같은 종합 적 분석 결과에 따라, 본 연구는 제조 현장의 생산성 향상 및 품질 향상과 연계하여 작업자의 작업 집중도 향상, 작업자의 육체적, 심리적 변화에 따른 생산성 및 품질 향상 변화 정도 등의 산업공학(인간공학) 제 분야의 여러 측면에서 연구 및 적용이 가능하리라 사료된다.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.45-111
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• 2023

This paper examines the apparition of the Virgin Mary revealed in Rue du Bac, Paris, France, in 1830, from a perspective of analytical psychology. To do so, it amplifies the archetypal motifs manifested in the images of the Virgin Mary of Rue du Bac by introducing the medieval alchemical picture titled "Glorification of the body portrayed as the coronation of the Virgin Mary" from Reusner's Pandora (1588). This image of the Virgin Mary is full of archetypal motifs that show the process and end result of individuation, which is the main idea of Jungian psychology. These symbols that depict the individuation process, both in Reusner's Pandora and in the Mary of Rue du Bac, are expressions of mythologems, constituent elements of the collective unconscious. Jung noted that these mythologems are the ultimate base and matrix of all religions. Through examining the archetypal motifs, which appear in the Mary of Rue du Bac, the apparition of the Mary turns out to be the revelation of the archetypal image of the Self in a space-time continuum, which is constellated in the collective unconscious. That is, an archetypal figure revealed itself to a witness' ego-consciousness to whom a space-time continuum functions as a cognitive category. The Mary of Rue du Bac represents the union of the opposites of divinity and humanity, which lacks in the symbolism of the Cross in Christianity. In this regard, she is an image of the new savior, who opens the new aeon of the Aquarius. The revealed image of Mary shows that divinity originates from the inner realm of the human psyche, that corporeal human beings are the matrix in which the divine incarnates, and that human being is the subject of psychological redemption. The image of Mary awakens us to the value of divinity in the human psyche in the times when the spiritual values Christianity has retained declines drastically.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.121-129
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• 2017

The evolution of biotechnology is no longer strange to the hypothetical scenario of cloning human genes to make cloned human beings. The characters of are cloned humans made in the laboratory by the 100-year-old life planning. They are cohabited in a school called Hailsham, where they are secretly reared. The purpose of this project is to provide healthy organs to real human patients with incurable diseases. The main characters Cathy, Tommy, and Ruth experience the growth of body and consciousness here during adolescence, and they also know the secret of identity as a clone. As adults, they move to a second residence, Cottage and are ready to begin organ donation. The second stage is also part of a program to provide more genuine-like organs to real patients. Even though they know all the plans that humans have built, they do not resist them and fatefully accept their situation. However, their non-responsiveness is not a declaration of renunciation of life, but a self-sacrificing life extension for another future that is the extension of life through their organ donation. The film emphasizes the fraternity and sacrificial attitudes of the cloned human beings and shows that it is necessary to continue the discussions on cloned human beings from a bio-ethical point of view supported by philosophical reasons.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.171-178
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• 1996

CFMS(Critical Function Monitoring System)는 원자력발전소의 비상시에 운전원에게 보조장보를 제공하는 지원시스템이다. 본 연구에서는 원자력발전소 울진 3&4호기 CFMS의 화면설계에 대한 인간 공학적 검토를 수행하였다. CFMS에 대한 규제 및 법규를 만족시키는 것과 CFMS 화면설계가 운전원에게 편의성을 제공할 수 있는지에 대한 인간공학적 타당성 평가의 사례를 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 인간공학적 검토의 공식적인 체계를 설정하기 위하여, CFMS 설계에서 필요한 인간공학 업무를 규정하고 수행절차를 기술하는 인간공학 프로그램 계획 (Human Factors Engineering Program Plan; HFEPP)과 설계평가의 방법과 업무 내용을 기술하는 확인 및 검증 프로그램 계획(Human Factors Engineerign Verification and Validation Plan; HFE V&V Plan)을 개발하였다. CFMS 설계에 대한 인간공학적 확인 및 검증을 위하여 CFMS의 정보 가용성 (information availability)과 화면 적합성 (display suitability)을 확인하였다. 정보 가용성의 확인은 CFMS 설계 요건서에서 정의된 정보를 중심으로 한 필요정보의 목록과 CFMS 화면상에서 제공되는 정보의 목록을 비교함으로써 수행되었다. 화면 적합성의 확인은 검토항목 선정, 검토양식 개발, 전문가 검토, 실험검토 등의 과정을 통하여 수행되었다. 관련 규제 문건으로 부터 규제요건상 만족해야할 최소한의 검토항목을 선정하고 검토양식을 개발하였으며, 인간공학 전문가들의 주관적 평가를 통하 여 수행되었다. 또한 화면의 조작방식에 대한 상세검토를 수행하였다. 검토결과로부터 발견된 문제점들은 HED (Human Engineerign Discrepance) 목록으로 정리하여 설계에 반영하도록 하였다.로 마음의 안정감, 몸의 긴장 이완에 따른 건강 상태 유지, 수업 집중도 향상 등이 나타났다. 위와 같은 종합 적 분석 결과에 따라, 본 연구는 제조 현장의 생산성 향상 및 품질 향상과 연계하여 작업자의 작업 집중도 향상, 작업자의 육체적, 심리적 변화에 따른 생산성 및 품질 향상 변화 정도 등의 산업공학(인간공학) 제 분야의 여러 측면에서 연구 및 적용이 가능하리라 사료된다.l, 시험군:25.90$\pm$7.16mg/d1, 47% 감소)를 나타내었으며, 시험군의 AUC는 대조군에 비해 39% 감소하였고, 혈중 아세트알데히드의 농도는 투여 60분후 시험군(3.96$\pm$0.07nmo1/$m\ell$)이 대조군(6.45$\pm$0,64nmo1/$m\ell$)에 비해 유의성 있는 감소(39%)를 나타내었으며, 시험군의 AUC는 대조군에 비해 48% 감소하였다 한편, 시험관내 에탄올 대사 효소에 대한 바이오짐의 효과를 검색해본 결과 바이오짐(2.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/assay)에 의해 Aldehyde dehydrogenase(1.5unit/assay)의 활성이 14% 증가되었다. 본 연구의 결과로 볼 때, 비지니스 및 바이오짐은 음주 후 상승된 혈중 에탄을 농도 및 아세트알데히드의 농도를 현저히 감소시키는 효과가 있었다.량 보호 관리, 도시 소공원 개발, 역사 문화 공원 조성, 하천 공간 복원, 공원 시설 기능 개선, 이용 프로그램 개발, 공원 관리 개선, 환경 피해 녹지의 회복, 도시 환경 림 조성, 녹지 기능 증진, 도시 자연 경관 보전, 공원 녹지체계 구성, 공원 녹지 공급 균형, 주변 환경 녹화, 가로 녹화의 17개 시책을 제안하였다. 이러한 정책사업의 원활한 추진을 위해서는 기존의 관주도의 일방적인 공원 녹지 행정이 아닌 시민의 참여를 통

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.95-99
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• 1997

Most studies in manual material handling (MMH) have paid more attention to single MMH activities-lifting, lowering, carrying, holding, pushing or pulling and have ignored combined activities. Also, many studies have been involved with two-handed MMH activities rather than to one-handed MMH activities. Very few studies are reported on the determination of workers' capacities for combinations of one-handed MMH activities (e.g. lifting a box, then carrying the box, and lowering the box). The objective of this study was to utilize the psychophysical approach to examine the combinations of lifting, carrying and lowering activities from a simulated industrial task involving one- handed and two-handed combined tasks and to develop mathematical models for combined tasks. Ten male students served as subjects for the study. The capacities that were determined as the maximum acceptable weight workloads for 1 hr work period for one-handed and two-handed combined tasks-lifting a box from floor to knuckle height, carrying the box for 4.3 m, and lowering the box form knuckle to floor height -were determined psychophysically under three frequencies: six handlings per minute, one handling per minute and one handling per five minutes. Combined MMH capacities models for one-handed tasks were developed. Te advantages and disadvantages of different models are discussed.