• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.31 no.3 s.86
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• pp.301-309
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• 2001

Because many of patients seeking orthodontic treatment worry about the facial appearance and their chief motivation for orthodontic treatment is facial esthetics, it is critical to understand the influence of gender or culture on the evaluation of profile esthetics. The purpose of this study was to find out any influence of gender or culture on judging good facial profile. 4 different groups were asked to evaluate 133 facial profiles to test the influence of gender or culture on judging good facial profiles. Those 4 groups consisted of 10 Korean males, 10 Korean females, 10 Korean American males, and 10 Korean American females. 2 evaluation systems were introduced, absolute and relative. Soft tissues of selected good profile group were analyzed and statistic analysis was performed. Conclusions were as follows 1. Inter-evaluator difference for judging good facial profile was statistically significant, even if there was general agreement for the best profile among 40 raters. 2. Gender difference under the same cultural environment was not significant statistically. 3. The same ethnic groups with different cultural background showed statistically different preference on judging good Profile. 4. Good facial profile group had their own characteristics compared to remaining group in several soft tissue measurements which were vertical facial ratio, soft tissue facial convexity, and antero-posterior relative lip position.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.43
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• pp.359-384
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• 2008

Nowadays, newspaper industry faces a crisis in terms of two aspects: First, in this multi-channel era, it has competed with the online journalism appearing in many digital media. Second, with the decrease of numbers of readers and political participation, the roles of newspaper has to be changed accordingly. The concept of civic journalism emerged as a solution in this context. The purpose of the study is to explore the factors in how journalists perceive the civic journalism. The Q-methodology was adapted to identify the factors composing of the belief, values, attitudes, ideas, and opinions toward the civic journalism. Total of 24 Q-sample (statements) were sorted by 27 P-sample (journalists) who were selected by their gender, years of service, and the like. The Quanl program finally produced 3 factors that were interpreted and named as follows: Factor I, the Complimentary Journalism, the civic journalism would fulfill the functions that traditional journalism has neglected. Factor II, the Alternative Journalism inducing the citizen's participation in the public areas. Factor III, the Functional Journalism, emphasizing dysfunction of the civic journalism.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.198-217
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• 2013

This research aims to examine the behavior changes of telemedicine participants with regard to time-space reconfiguration and to address the implications of telemedicine in terms of extensibility and restrictions (ambilaterality). According to the results of this research, telemedicine can lead to behavior changes in telemedicine participants, particularly patients. However, it is difficult to anticipate the time-space reconfiguration of telemedicine participants drastically. In other words, although telemedicine minimizes patients' burden of accessibility to and utilization of medical institutions, it requires the patients to visit medical institutions at least once due to the restricted application of telemedicine related to technological problems, the characteristics of medical practice and mutual stakes among the medical institutions involved in telemedicine. And physicians (telemedicine providers as mediators between medical specialists and patients) and medical specialists (as the ultimate telemedicine providers) do not evidence considerable changes in their behaviors, except for offline meetings for information sharing and medical training. Because the present telemedicine system does not require simultaneity between physicians, patients and medical specialists. Furthermore, present telemedicine operation is absorbed into existing medical activities as a health care delivery method. These phenomena are due to 1) the interests among medical institutions and the limitation or generalization of telemedicine technologies to stimulate regional-based telemedicine operation and 2) the goal of face-to-face interactions between patients and doctors, which is to avoid misdiagnosis and side effects. Finally, medical activities related to telemedicine do not differ from general medical activities. The ambilaterality of telemedicine in terms of extensibility and the restriction of time-space reconfiguration is an unsettled problem in the ICT technologies of medical services.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.488-495
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• 2018

The p53 gene plays a critical role in the transcriptional regulation of cellular response to stress, DNA damage, hypoxia, and tumor development. Keeping in mind the recently discovered manifold physiological functions of p53, its involvement in the regulation of cancer is not surprising. In about 50% of all human cancers, inactivation of p53's protein function occurs either through mutations in the gene itself or defects in the mechanisms that activate it. This disorder plays a crucial role in tumor evolution by allowing the evasion of a p53-dependent response. Many recent studies have focused on directly targeting p53 mutants by identifying selective, small molecular compounds to deplete them or to restore their tumor-suppressive function. These small molecules should effectively regulate various interactions while maintaining good drug-like properties. Among them, the discovery of the key p53-negative regulator, MDM2, has led to the design of new small molecule inhibitors that block the interaction between p53 and MDM2. Some of these small molecule compounds have now moved from proof-of-concept studies into clinical trials, with prospects for further, more personalized anti-carcinogenic medicines. Here, we review the structural and functional consequences of wild type and mutant p53 as well as the development of therapeutic agents that directly target this gene, and compounds that inhibit the interaction between it and MDM2.

• Archives of design research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2000

In this study design information was separately defined form general product information and thus factors reflected in product design ion the basis of values and roles were extracted. The following is a classification of 5 different types of design factors divided according to their disposition. ·Innovation factor - element which previously did not exist or element related with explicit reformation ·Open factor - active element which not only improves current performance but also induces new functions through understanding of usage situations and new possibilities. ·Anterior factor - element which prolongs and develops the early development requirements of products through C.I. and P.I. related elements and characteristics of previous models and design strategy. Self-evidence factor - element related with function visualization through product structure which may make possible the consolidation of shape and function. Rigid factor - element, based on the human factors engineering, related with the safety and efficiency of users. This classification was obtained by defining major characteristics of products considering the target consumer and market characteristics. In this classification factor structuring design process which efficiently deducted a differentiated final product by synthesizing factors of higher importance as dominant factors was proposed. With this kind of factor structuring process, product differentiation may be achieved by bestowing individual characteristics to each product by combining design dominant factors associated with the product for a specific purpose from the stages of product concept development. Moreover, this may be used as an approach to actively correspond to the various and specific demands of the comsumer.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.26-42
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• 2020

Soils are the basis for plant rooting and ecosystem creation, the site of life for humankind, and require much time for their creation, so there will be no disagreement about the importance and necessity of soil conservation and management. Soil resilience is the ability of soils to maintain their original structure and function (resistance and recovery) from various kinds of disturbances, and is an indispensable field of study that prepares for a future with high uncertainty and unpredictability. Therefore, this study summarizes the concept and necessity of soil resilience, which is not yet widely known in Korea, and the contents of previous studies were reviewed. This study was carried out with the aim of contributing to lowering the threshold for entry into resilience research for domestic and foreign researchers who are new to soil resilience. In the first part of this study, we introduced resilience and soil resilience, and in the second part, we summarized the main causes of stress or disturbance that have been studied by many soil resilience researches. This makes it easy to find the references authors need. It is virtually impossible to find the same soil environment because there is no same area on the earth with all the same rock, climate, human activity, and culture, suggesting that each soil has its own uniqueness. Therefore, the researcher who wants to utilize the results of this study should take into consideration the specificity of the soil and the region to which the soil resilience is introduced, and modify it if necessary. In addition, efforts should be made to strengthen the network of soil resilience researchers to create a basis for sharing and actively utilizing the research results.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.145-180
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• 2015

Human Genome Project was a big science done by United States, U.K., France, China, Germany and Japan. But in Korea HGP was not constructed because of lack of governmental funding and failure to attract relevant actors' attention in spite of small voices from early genome researchers and some family members of patients with incurable diseases. This article does not argue that HGP in Korea was an undone science, a concept claimed by Scott Frickel, et al. Instead, it shows the historical fact that HGP was not constructed in Korea in 1990s and analyzes how genomic researches could become possible in Korea in the post-genomic age using the framework of triple-helix. In Korea, researchers have constructed hybrid networks and organizations that intermingles laboratories of university, industry, and government to conduct genomic researches which requires a lot of financial funding. This structure is different from the entrepreneurial university seen in developed countries such as the United States. Using two examples, this article shows that founding a start-up company by university researchers was not an option as in the United States, but a necessity in order to obtain enough funding to conduct genomic researches in Korea. Otherwise, researchers in Korean universities had to form hybrid networks with government to obtain small amount of funds to conduct researches. I argue that this phenomenon shows multifaceted characteristics of institutional structures regarding genomic researches in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.106-118
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• 2002

In recent years, synthetic and systematic management with conservation-oriented strategy for Baekdu-daegan, which is the greatest chine as well as the major ecological axis of the Korean Peninsula, is being required to cope adequately with the various kinds of developmental urge. For this, spatially definite zoning for the managerial area on Baekdu-daegan has to be completed first. This study is to take into consideration the traditional concepts of stream and watershed as well as the actual disturbance on Daegan area, and to propose the process for reasonably establishing the managerial boundary adjacent to the Ridges. The case site with topographically diverse characteristics was selected, and the analyses on watershed, road network and land use were carried out using the digital maps and Landsat TM images. Based on these analyses results, the managerial boundaries as alternatives from the Ridges were produced by watershed expansion process, and used for tracing the changes of road occupancy rate and the areal ratio of various land use types to the relevant watersheds to search out the adequate managerial boundary. The results show that watershed expansion process could be effective tool for establishing the managerial boundary, and the fourth expanded watershed would be included for the adequate managerial boundary of the case site.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.15-30
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• 2001

The twenty-first century was entered and began to show the extent where revegetation of the face of slopes using the native woody plant was nationwide at last. Then, future revegetation of the face of slopes was considered on the basis of them in order to attempt the development of this direction, while the recognition for fundamental matter of the revegetation and revegetation of the regional inhabitant was arranged this time. The regional inhabitant sufficiently understood the necessity of the revegetation, and the method using the native woody plant had sufficiently been recognized, and the high evaluation was given in the method. In the other, the major inhabitant questioned it for introducing the exotic species. It was proposed that the utilization of native weeds should be advanced by the pursuit of many facets of the revegetation of the face of the slopes based on these in future in the place where the introduction of the native woody plant is difficult. And, the method for stretching the wire netting for the face of slopes indicated the necessity of the urgent review, because the artificial disaster might be caused. As a conclusion, the goal of the revegetation of the face of slopes confirmed that it was ecologically stable short-terminable face of slopes physically and connects it with the medium and long term for improvement and improvement of global environment, and it indicated the importance of the revegetation of the face of slopes.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.265-274
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• 2012

This study aims to examine the physical language of dance art's acceptability of the discourse method of story-telling as a narrative discourse system from the view of story-telling of cultural contents. Dance, through the establishment of relationship between dancers and stage art, can form a discourse system with various literary devices including figures of speech, metaphors, and symbols. The argument over manifestation of dance's narrative components in the concept of story-telling is shown as follows; the background as an object can offer time and spatial backgrounds through stage art and the dancers' performance elements; and, for the character, the dancer himself can be the first-person-narrator and possibly makes plane personality descriptions. As for the elements of main affairs of dance, the stage art components present the background of primary motif of incident and the dancer's diverse relationships form conflicts through the correlation of solo dance, duet, and group dance. The plot as a process of developing the main affair is led by actant such as the dancer's mime actions, gestures, facial expressions, etc. The element of dance's revealing narration is the dance art itself and the developing structure of narration is the dance language's own grammar. Choreographers should compose persuasive dance texts to convey stories efficiently through character decisions, their actions, stage art's elements that display the time and spatial backgrounds, and the development of plot, as a narrative discourse of dance.