• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.60-68
• /
• 1994

In this paper we propose a new Hybrid learning rule applied to multilayer feedforward neural networks, which is constructed by combining Hebbian learning rule that is a good feature extractor and Back-Propagation(BP) learning rule that is an excellent classifier. Unlike the BP rule used in multi-layer perceptron(MLP), the proposed Hybrid learning rule is used for uptate of all connection weights except for output connection weigths becase the Hebbian learning in output layer does not guarantee learning convergence. To evaluate the performance, the proposed hybrid rule is applied to classifier problems in two dimensional space and shows better performance than the one applied only by the BP rule. In terms of learning speed the proposed rule converges faster than the conventional BP. For example, the learning of the proposed Hybrid can be done in 2/10 of the iterations that are required for BP, while the recognition rate of the proposed Hybrid is improved by about $0.778\%$ at the peak.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.4 s.60
• /
• pp.47-56
• /
• 2005

The regulation on organization and operation of rescue and aid party was amended. This Regulation is designed to provide legal formality in order to protect not only the patients' right but also 119 rescuers from liability, which is due to treatment refusal by patient and the discretionary refusal of transfer by 119 rescuers on the non-emergency situation. This study looked over the constitute of violation of emergency medical service act related to the discretionary refusal of 119 rescuers, the criminal liability owing to omission and the possibility of national indemnities on the damage of patients. This study also analyzed the courts' decision and attitude by exploring overseas judicial precedents and examined what should be considered on the execution of the newly enacted law. Finally, this study put emphasis on the importance of medical director's control, documentation of every procedure, 119 rescuer's authorization on the refusal of transfer by securing patient's informed consent.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.827-858
• /
• 2006

The paper presents game theoretic models for self-enforcing coalition formation in order to sustain effective international environmental agreements(IEAs). The model analyzes how the intrinsically strategic nature of a government's environmental policies(the emission allowance standard) calls for rules to sustain an IEA. Focusing on the recent theoretical developments in the infinitely repeated game, the paper introduces some mechanisms to show how self-interested sovereign countries are cooperatively able to maintain an IEA rather than defect to initially profit at the expense of a pollution heaven later on. For a more realistic case needed to sustain an IEA, an optimal international environmental policy with both signatories and non-signatories under imperfect monitoring is also explored. In this extension of the model, the derivation process for a critical discount factor, a trigger price level and the length of punishment period is briefly discussed.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.399-406
• /
• 2002

There may be some cases in which underwriters refuse to pay claims to the assured in case of his want of due diligence and actually, a lot of cases which an assured could not have been covered, existed through the history of marine hull insurance claims. Statistically, looking back the past marine accident cases in korea, the most parts of the accident are man-made disasters caused by want of due diligence. So, this study will focuss on this kind of marine losses and insurance clauses and other relevant rules containing due diligence such as due diligence of the assured in inchmaree clause, ITC-Hulls(1983), and due diligence of carrier in Hague-Visby Rule and so on. This study also shows what the disadvantages to marine enterprisers are, caused by want of due diligence and the advantages of doing due diligence are. In conclusion, this study contends that marine enterprisers should perform due diligence in dong their business for both financial stability and good management of their companies.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
• /
• v.10 no.8
• /
• pp.77-86
• /
• 2020

The study aims to analyze the compliance and non-compliance of the Korean health authorities regarding WHO's mask use recommendations following the spread of Covid-19, and to suggest the limitations and implications of the recommendations in the prevention of epidemics by deriving the causes of non-compliance with the results of alternative options. To this end, documents related to masks at home and abroad are reviewed, and WHO's mask recommendations and the Korean health authorities' mask guidelines are targeted for analysis. The analysis results are as follows. First, Korea's health authorities have basically accepted and applied WHO's "limited mask user perspective" in two recommendations. Second, Korea's health authorities have implemented differently from WHO mask recommendations due to the lack of supply and demand of masks. Third, Korea's health authorities were able to succeed in the initial prevention of Corona 19 based on the stabilization of the mask supply. Fourth, in the WHO mask recommendations, mask user restriction resulted in partial errors as a recommendation. The implication derived from the analysis is that even international recommendations based on medical evidence need to be allowed to follow autonomous guidelines according to the country's quarantine situation and competence, rather than strict adherence to international rules, in the infectious disease pandemic situation.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2014

Cloud computing helps big data processing to make various information using IT resources. The government has to start the RPS(Renewable Portfolio Standard) and induce the production of electricity using renewable energy equipment. And the government manages system to gather big data that is distributed geographically. The companies can purchase the REC(Renewable Energy Certificate) to other electricity generation companies to fill shortage among their duty from the system. Because of the RPS use voluntary competitive market in REC trade and the prices have the large variation, RPS is necessary to predict the equitable REC price using RPS big data. This paper proposed REC price prediction method base on fuzzy logic using the price trend and trading condition infra in REC market, that is modeled in cloud computing environment. Cloud computing helps to analyze correlation and variables that act on REC price within RPS big data and the analysis can be predict REC price by simulation. Fuzzy logic presents balanced REC average trading prices using the trading quantity and price. The model presents REC average trading price using the trading quantity and price and the method helps induce well-converged price in the long run in cloud computing environment.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.105-115
• /
• 2007

Data mining extracts interesting knowledge from a large database. Among numerous data mining techniques, research work is primarily concentrated on clustering and association rules. The clustering technique of the active research topics mainly deals with analyzing spatial and attribute data. And, the technique of association rules deals with identifying frequent patterns. There was an advanced apriori algorithm using an existing bit-clustering algorithm. In an effort to identify an alternative algorithm to improve apriori, we investigated FP-Growth and discussed the possibility of adopting bit-clustering as the alternative method to solve the problems with FP-Growth. FP-Growth using bit-clustering demonstrated better performance than the existing method. We used chess data in our experiments. Chess data were used in the pattern mining evaluation. We made a creation of FP-Tree with different minimum support values. In the case of high minimum support values, similar results that the existing techniques demonstrated were obtained. In other cases, however, the performance of the technique proposed in this paper showed better results in comparison with the existing technique. As a result, the technique proposed in this paper was considered to lead to higher performance. In addition, the method to apply bit-clustering to GML data was proposed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.7-30
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to suggest the directions for record and information management (RIM) strategies for Korean companies as preparation for e-Discovery risks. It begins with the articulation key concepts and some RIM issues of e-Discovery, which is governed by the U.S. Federal Rules of Civil Procedures. It analyzes three lawsuit cases for which Korean companies were sued by North American companies in order to determine the main reasons behind the defensible disposition failures. Based on the analyses, it suggests the RIM strategic policies for preparing the e-Discovery, including the development of inventories for documents and ESI in their possession, custody, or control; ensuring legal hold programs in good faith; and making defensible retention policies.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2011.05a
• /
• pp.107-107
• /
• 2011

인류가 수렵생활에서 농경문화로 정착됨에 따라, 물을 손쉽게 이용할 수 있는 하천이나 호소의 수변공간을 활용하여 고대문명이 형성되어 왔다. 이와 같은 고대문명이 근대 산업화에 의한 새로 운 문명으로 이어지면서, 종래의 하천이나 호소의 수변공간을 이용한 생활과 문화로부터 대외지향적인 해안공간을 중심으로, 그것이 확장되기에 이르렀다. 특히, 최근의 세계화에 수반되어 많은 국가들이 대외지향의 편리성 도모를 위하여, 일종의 제2의 도시국가형태의 문화가 이루어지면서, 새로운 형태의 문명이 태동하고 있는 듯하다. 이와 같은 배경에서, 우리나라는 저 출산 고령화 사회라고 하는 새로운 조류가 긴박하게 진전되고, 도시화율이 90%, GDP의 대외 의존도가 80%에 육박하고 있는 등으로, 고도의 수변공간을 활용하는 세계 유수의 도시국가의 형태로 이행되고 있는 듯하다. 그러므로 종래의 하천 호소 해안 등의 수변공간의 이용을 위하여 발전시켜온 하천공학이나 해안 항만공학만으로서는 이러한 변화에 대응하가가 미흡하고, 더욱이, 20세기후반으로부터 시작된 환경적요인의 도입에는 아직까지 혼란이 야기되고 있어, 새로이 형성시켜가야 할 수변문화의 효율성제고의 도구로서의 새로운 공학의 발전이 모색되어야한다. 이는 수변공간의 이용 안전 환경이라고 하는 큰 틀로서의 문화 문명을 만들어 갈수 있는 공학이어야 할 것이다. 기존의 수공학 위주의 공학개념에서 종합공학 또는 공학종합의 학문으로서 인문사회, 첨단과학기술까지의 대융합을 고려한, 장소나 공간이라고 하는 "것(물(物))"의 디자인뿐만 아니라 장면, 상황, 규칙 만들기라고 하는 "일(사(事))"의 디자인까지도 포함되는 공학의 새로운 모델을 제시한다. 주요내용으로서는, 새로운 수면문화조성을 촉진하여, 지속가능한 인류문명이 유지 될 수 있도록 지금까지의 터 무늬 또는 자취를 최대한 살리면서, 최근의 하천 해안을 중심으로 한 외부의존형 대도시권형의 국토이용에서, 지식산업단지 생산녹지 등을 최대한 아우를 수 있는 소위 글로발형의 국토이용을 촉진할 수 있는 수변문화공학의 모델을 제안한다.

• Maritime Security
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.1-39
• /
• 2024

This study started with the awareness that domestic studies on China's maritime gray zone strategy have been following the analysis results of previous studies, and that only principled positions and directions for countermeasures remain at the 'declarative and conceptual' level. In order to overcome the above problems, the author analyzed the maritime gray zone strategy being developed in the South China Sea, East China Sea, and the West Sea and Ieodo areas, recognizing that China is developing a maritime gray area strategy based on the 'three warfare' that constitutes its own strategic culture. As a result of the analysis, it is predicted that China's maritime gray zone strategy will be more aggressive in order to occupy the West Sea and Ieodo in the future. As a concept of our naval response strategy, The author proposed to 'neutralize' the development effect of 'three warfare', the basis of China's maritime gray zone strategy, to stop the gradual change in the phenomenon induced by China, and to continuously pursue 'return' to a maritime order based on norms and rules. In this study, a 'concrete and systemized' countermeasure to implement this was presented.