• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 1999

Lee Je-ma define the Mind as Taigi(太極), the mind(or wisdom) and the body(or action) as Liangyi(兩儀), the affair-mind-body-object as Sasang(四象). Sasang(四象) is the method, obtained through combining two different paradigm, by which we can explain existence and phenomenon. The aim of Lee Je-ma's thought is the Wisdom and Action, in other words, the Adjusting Myself through the Wisdom and Action.

• The Korean Publising Journal, Monthly
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• s.273
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• pp.40-40
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• 2000

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.19-37
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• 1997

By the investigation of "Sim-Kyoung-Bu-Ju" and the comparison study between the thought of "Sim-Kyoung-Bu-Ju" and that of Lee Je-ma, I've got the following conclusion. 1. All man have two mind. That is explained that "In-Sim" and "Do-Sim" in the "Sim-Kyong-Bu-Ju", "Kun-Ja-Ji-Sim" and "So-In-Ji-Sim" in the Lee Je-ma. 2. says that "In-Sim" and "Do-Sim" are the important point of the distinguishment of the "Sung-In" from "Jung-In". The "Sung-In" is the man who distinguishes "In-Sim" from "Do-Sim" well, and he always is cautious for "In-Sim"s" falling in desire by the "Do-Sim". In the case of LeeJe-ma,"Kun-Ja-Ji-Sim" is easy to know and "So-In-Ji-Sim" is hard to know. The man of "Kun-Ja-Ji-Sim" being large part is "Kun-Ja" and the man of "So-In-Ji-Sim" being large part is "So-In". 3. To reach the state of the "Kun-Ja", the "Sim-Kyoung-Bu-Ju" and Lee Je-ma present the variant training methods, "Kei-Shin-Kong-Ku" which they have in common. The "Sin-Kyoung-Bu-Ju" presents the "Kyung" firstly for "Kei-Shin-Kong-Ku", Lee Je-ma presents the "Yo-In-Sang-Jep-Ji-Sung" and "Ja-Ki-Tok-Tuk-Ji-Sung" for "Jel-Bu-Jel", "Jung-Bu-Jung", "Ji-In", "Ji-Chen". 4. The "Sim-Kyoung-Bu-Ju" says that establish the "Sung-Ui" by the "Kei-Shin-Kong-Ku", and to "Jung-Sim" by the "Sung-Ui", Lee Je-ma says "Chi-Sim-Jung-Ki" by "Ji-In".

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2000

1. Objects of Research Dong-mu Lee Je-ma was tried to solve the diseases of human beings through Sasang Constitutional Medicine with new viewpoints on human beings and life compared with the existed medicine. So it was very important to understand his medical views in order to apply Sasang Constitutional Medicine in clinical treatment. In this paper, I tried to find his medical views on human beings, life, and diseases to get informations in clinical application. 2. Methods of Research It was researched as bibliologically with his writings such as "Dongyi Soose Bowon(東醫壽世保元)", "Dongyi Soose Bowon Sasang Chobongyun(東醫壽世保元四象草本卷)", "Dongmu Yugo(東武遺稿)", "Gyuk-chigo(格致藁)". 3. Results and Conclusions The conclusions were as follows. 1. "I Ching"'s recognition of Things is that based on Yin-yang theory, originated from Taoism, and aimed to 'the Fine point of Easiness and Simpleness(易簡之妙)'. On the other hand, Dong-mu's is that based on Sasang theory, originated from Confucianism and designed to developed 'the Fine point of Easiness and Simpleness' in view of Sasang(四象). 2. Dong-mu Lee Je-ma had devoted himself in his whole life to establishing new paradigm in the Confucianism, inventing new medicine and, furthermore, embodying the spirit of General health maintenance. 3. Dong-mu Lee Je-ma recognized 'the Fine point of Easiness and Simpleness' in view of Sasang and offered new viewpoint of human being through summarizing various existing viewpoints. 4. Dong-mu Lee Je-ma established new viewpoint of life span of human being through offering new ideas such as 'Inherent vitality(命脈實數)', 'Essential power of organ(臟의 本常之氣)' and 'Regimen in ordinary life(生息允補之道)'. 5. Dong-mu Lee Je-ma embodied 'the Fine point of Easiness and Simpleness' in medicine through offering, in a wide meaning, the spirit of the General health maintenance and the spirit of the Positive medical treatment.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.95-116
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• 1996

As considering a comparison study of the structure of mind and psychologic type of C.G Jung to Ji-In-Lon and Sa-Sang constituition of Lee Je Ma, I've got the following conclusion. 1. The study of the structure of mind of Jung and Ji-In-Lon of Lee Je ma have a important meaning to each theory of type of men. They developed their own peculiar theory of type men by the analysis of the mind of men. 2. Jung explained the organization of recognition by four phase theorical structure; consciousness, personal unconsciousness, collective unconsciousness, self. Lee Je Ma explained the organization of recognition by four phase theorical structure;Sa, Sim, Sin, Mul. And theory of type of men, Jung established four type; Tae-Yang-In, Tae-Um-In, So-Yang-In, So-Um-In, They all established the four phase structure, which have things in common. 3. Jung studied the consciousness and unconsciousness and Lee Je Ma studied the Sung-In, Eui, Ye, Ji, and Sim-Yock-Bi, Bak, Tam, Na. I think they have a close relationship. And I think there is relationship between consciousness, unconsciousness to Gun-Ja-Ji-Sim, So-In-Ji-Sim. 4. I think there is thought of relationship between Lee Je Ma's Dae-Dong, Gak-lip, Hang-gi-ji, Hang-gi-hang and Ho-sun, Oh-ak, Sa-sim, Tae-hang and relationship of internal organ's size to Jung's the first function, second function, third function, fourth function. 5. I think the relationship between the type of Jung;thinking type, feeling, type, sensation type, intuition type to the type of Lee Je Ma; Tae-Yang-In, Tae-Um-In, So-Yang-In, So-Yang-In, So-Um-In needs more study.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.141
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• pp.287-311
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• 2017

The major purpose of this article is to analyze Lee Jema's idea of 'cultivating the self,' and therefore reveal a difference between his idea and 'cultivating and nurturing (the mind)' shown in traditional medicine and Neo-Confucianism. For this purpose, I first analyzed 'cultivating and nurturing (the mind)' of traditional medicine and Neo-Confucianism and showed Lee Jema's originality by studying philosophical foundations of Sasang constitutional Medicine. The idea of 'cultivating and nurturing (the mind)' is transcendental in that it pursues the unity between humans and the principle of natural changes or the Heaven. However, Lee Jema developed his own medical theory by analyzing an ontological structure of human beings and nature and life, and reinterpreting four beginnings on the basis of experience. He reinterpreted humans as a being in the structure of time and space, and relationships with others. In addition, he reinterpreted nature and life and four beginnings as the capability of wisdom and action and the function of mind and body. Therefore, he tried to overcome a transcendental thinking to aim for the unity of humans with the Heaven. Also, he discovered that the most important reason for disease is biased emotions (moral/private) because biased emotions influenced the function of mind and body. The causal relationship is the basis of his medical theory. Therefore, his idea of cultivating the self is focused on being careful not to make emotions biased. This reveals that even though Sasang constitutional theory came from the traditional medical theory and Confucian morality, it developed on a different philosophical foundation. In this regard, I tried to differentiate Lee Jema's idea of cultivating the self from 'cultivating and nurturing (the mind)' which aims for the unity between humans and the principle of changes or the Heaven.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.39-55
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• 1997

Purpose : Dong-Mu(東武) Lee Je-Ma(李濟馬) was designated as a member of fifty persons 'The Wise Ancestors of Korean Culture and Art' in 1984 and the december of 1996 was appointed as 'The Month of Lee Je-Ma'. Though his achivements was valued like this, some historian criticized that he suppressed the righteous army. So this study was for clarifing the background, the motive, and the course of 'The Rising of Choi Moon-Hwan' occurred in Hamhung on february in 1896, and for the correct appraisement about this event. And also through this, author tried to make clear the origin of Lee Je-Ma's thought. Method : After studing the background of the end of Chosun dynasty and the righteous army in 1895(乙未義兵). Author made a comparative study through the historical materials of the goverment side, the Choi Moon-Hwan side, and the Lee Je-Ma side about 'The Rising of Choi Moon-Hwan' occurred in Hamhung on februrary in 1896. Results & Conclusion : The event occurred in Hamhung on february in 1896 was a part of rebellion of the righteous army in 1895 which had risen against The startling Occurrence of 1895'(乙未義兵) and 'The Royal Commands To Cut Off People's Hair'(斷髮令). Lee Je-Ma suppressed the Rising and put Choi Moon-Hwan in the prison, and which was criticized that he suppressed the righteous army later day. That time was a conflict period between conservatism and civilization, and the Lee Je-Ma's act was the best way to protect the security of residents from the attack which maybe occurred by Japanese army in Wonsan. Judging from this events, author could find Lee Je-Ma's thought was quite different from righteous army's neo-confucianism and conservatism. In the aspect of the history of 'Korean National Movement', further study about Choi Moon-Hwan, the chief of righteous army will be need.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.25-40
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• 1999

View of Lee Je-ma's "Hyung Sang" is one of the methods of classification of Constitution. In this study, I studied the "Hyung Sang" as medical histologically, and get the results as follow; 1. "The book of changes" is classified to the sciences of divination of "Sang-Soo", which is consisted with "Sang (image)" and "Soo (number)", and "Wae-Ri", which explained the meaning of a divination sign as "nature" or virtue of divination sign. 2. Lee Je-ma is accepted the concepts of science of divination of "Wae-Ri" based on Confucianism in the discription of "The book of changes". And also he established the new "Sasang Constitutional Medicine" theory based on the "Joung-Young". 3. "The book of changes" is discribed phenomena as "Sang" and "Soo" involving "Three elements", which are heaven, earth, and individual, and "Yin-Yang". Lee Je-ma accepted the concept of "Sang" in science of divination of "Sang-Soo" and established the "Four elements", which are affairs, mind, body, and objects, constituting "Three elements". 4. In the method of "Sasang" type classifying, Lee Je-ma used "Four elements", which attach importance to structure and function of human body rather than "Yin-Yang", which explain relatively.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.11-18
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• 1997

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 1997