• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.71-75
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• 2012

The present study data were obtained from 36,894 cows in Korea Animal Improvement Association from 2001 to 2009 which was subjected for ultrasound measurements (eye muscle area, back-fat thickness, marbling score) and descent. Repeated record models were carried out using 7,913 of 36,894 of total animal traits. The ultrasound measured traits and performance test data were used to study the chest girth, body condition score, eye muscle area, back-fat thickness and marbling score with genetic correlation and parameters for the ultrasound measured traits using REMLF90 program. Genetic correlation of eye muscle area with back-fat thickness, marbling score and back-fat thickness with marbling score were noticed in repeated records animal model as 0.69, 0.54, and 0.59, whereas in multiple trait animal model method were 0.07, 0.66, and 0.39, respectively. Repeated records of animal models were used as positive correlation of traits. Multiple trait animal models were used as negative correlation of eye muscle area with marbling score. The analysis on repeat records of animal models using ultrasound measurements about Korean cattle showed positive effects for each traits. In comparison differences between the repeat records of animal models and multiple trait animal models was found with higher traits of her, the heritability and repeatability was found higher in repeat records animal models. In light of these assessments, carcass traits by ultrasound measurements are expected to help and improve an accurate analysis of each trait and if the research analysis using repeat records of animal models continue when we estimate genetic ability of these traits.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the environmental and genetic factors on the carcass traits of Korean cattle. We have used the data of 22,954 Korean cattle slaughtered from 2005 to 2009 in Gyeongnam region and estimated the genetic parameters of 36,868 cattle including the pedigree individuals by means of EM-REML analytical method. In summary, the heritability of the carcass weight, eye muscle area, backfat thickness and marbling score was 0.39, 0.30, 0.33 and 0.62, respectively. The carcass weight and the eye muscle area showed high correlation between them with the genetic correlation of 0.86 and the phenotypic correlation of 0.72. The high heritability of marbling score is assumed to be the result of focusing the breed improvement on the quality of the meat. Through this study, it is considered that the Korean cattle in Gyeongnam region are improving, which will thus contribute to the increase of the farmer's income. Additional study on the economic trait must be carried out to obtain clearer results that will lead to further improvement of Korean cattle.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2003

In this study, to take the object of this thesis on understanding the characteristics on marketing structure and marketing distribution of landscape materials after consideration in the side of prices trends which is important factors for analysis in understanding the market of landscape materials. To do this, Analysis is divided into the prices trends. The investigation of prices trends and marketing distribution are to collect data refer to purchases and sales reports, these results are used to analyzed the operative factor of forming market structure. The periodic range of this thesis is limited from 1996 to 2000 and analytic articles is limited on 609 landscape materials(planting materials : 567 articles, facility materials : 7 articles, the other : 35 articles). The results of the whole prices trends and marketing distribution survey can be summarized as follows : 1. Prices trends of showing 3 types of landscape materials : In cases of planting, facility and the others materials, the annual average increasing rate of the index number of price was 3.1%, 3.4%, 3.1% while the KPRC(Korea Price Research Center) price was 3.98% for the past five years. 2. GSP(Government Specified Prices) Prices trends of showing 3 types of landscape materials : In cases of planting, facility and the others materials, the annual average increasing rate of the index number of price was 3.7%, 1.2%, 2.6% while the KPRC(Korea Price Research Center) price was 3.98% for the past five years. This increase indicates a small price margin, particularly, the GSP price of planting materials should be adjusted to a realistic level. 3. Native and exotic product Prices trends of showing 3. types of landscape materials : In cases of Native planting, facility and the others materials, the annual average increasing rate of the index number of price was 3.2%, 3.2%, 3.6% while cases of exotic was 3.1%, 1.0%, 5.8% for the past five years. The index number increase of prices of exotic landscape materials were fluctuated more than those the native landscape materials.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 1981

This experiment was carried out to determine the optimum interval between inseminations in artifical insemination of hens. Two hundred and forty hens of Hisex commercial stock at 25 weeks of age and 20 cocks of the Rhode Island Red at 40 weeks of age were used for the experiment, and a total of 6,784 eggs were obtained. The intervals between inseminations compared in this study were: 3 days (T1), 5 days (T2), and 7 days(T3). Mixed raw semen was inseminated and the semen does was 0.03ml per insemination per hen. The inseminations were conducted at 15:00 at each time. The total number of insemination performed was 9 for the T1, 6 for the T2 and 5 for the T3, and eggs were collected over a period of 31 days, 32 days and 35 dyas, respectively. The average egg production of the hens during the experiment was 85.9% and the average temperature during the experiment was around 30$^{\circ}C$. The average sperm count was 3.69 billion per ml. The results obtained in this experiment can be summarized as follows: The fertility over the entire experimental period bythe treatment was 91.7% for the T1, 84.4% for the T2, and 75.2% for the T3. The difference between T1 and T3 in fertility was significant at 5% level. The average fertility on the second, third and fourth day after the insemination in the T2 and T3 was maintained at a relatively high level, but it tended to decline rapidly from the fifth day after the insemination. The average fertility for one week after the last insemination was 88.8% for the T1, 88.8% for the T2 and 78.6% for the T3, and none of the differences among the treatments were statistically significant. On the basis of the results from this study, it is recommended to adjust the insemination intervals within the range from the 3 to 5 days in order to maintain a highest level of fertility in the hens at an early stage of egg production as in the case of the hens used in this experiment. An insemination interval of 3 days is recommended, especially at an initial stage of insemination. For the hens with a low fertility, shortening, of the insemination interval to 3 or 2 days is desirable.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 1983

Present study was carried out to find out an optimum interval for artificial insemination in aged and poor laying hens, Brown colored, hundred and twenty commercial laying hens at about 530 days old and 20 S. C. W. Leghorn males at 580 days old were adopted Egg production rate during the experiment was 61.6% and number of eggs examined was 2,283. The intervals for the insemination were 2, 4 and 6 days for experimental groups T-1, T-2 and T-3, respectively. Eggs were collected on every 6th day and examined for fertility by candling after 5 days of incubation. Average fertility rates for T-1, T-2 and T-3 groups appeared 87.5, 81.1, and 65.1%, respectively. The fertility of T-3 group was significantly lower than those of T-1 and T-2 groups(P＜0.05). The highest fertility rate was obtained on the second day after the insemination for all groups, i. e. 90.7, 84.0 and 71.7% for T-1, T-2 and T-3, respectively. Thereafter, a tendency of gradual decline in fertility was observed. This study suggests that the optimum interval for artificial insemination in aged hens is 2 days. The fertility tended to be improved by repeated injection. For the 2-day interval group, the highest rate (98.2%) was obtained on the 6th insemination.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.69-97
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• 2018

This study explored the influence of failure experience of Korean pharmaceutical industries on the innovative activities of corporations from the perspectives of R&D and knowledge search. Previous studies have defined the cause of the failure or studied the reasons for the decline. However, studies analyzing the influence of failure on the innovative activities of corporations are rare. This study set a research period of 10 years for the Korean pharmaceutical industry to conduct a longitudinal analysis of the influence of the influence of failure on innovation activities and the influence of innovation activities on radical innovation. A summary of the research results is as follows. Firstly, failure of corporations induce exploratory innovation activities, and the extent differs greatly from the size of financial slack resource. Secondly, experiences of corporations' failure were not significant from the perspective of knowledge search. Thirdly, the interaction between the corporation's exploratory innovation activities and knowledge search had a positive (+) relationship with radical innovation performance. This study is significant in that it suggested empirical evidence by verifying the positive influence of failure to learning and innovation unlike previous researches viewing failure negatively, and suggested the direction of future studies based on these research results.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.583-595
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• 2010

Virtual water is defined as the volume of water to produce commodities and provide services, which has been developed by Tony Allan since the early 1990s. This research aims to evaluate a volume of virtual water trade in Korea from 1998 to 2007 by applying the evaluation method of unit virtual water volume to agricultural, live stock and industrial products, which is developed by Chapagain and Hoekstra (2004). Also, the concept of water footprint is deployed to quantify the volume of virtual water trade between countries. The study attempts to assess the appropriateness of the evaluation method of unit virtual water volume by employing the method to calculate the total amount of agricultural products in Korea and comparing this with the amount of agricultural water demand in the Korea Water Vision 2006. The research outcome shows that Korea has a net virtual water import of 32 billion $m^3$ on average in the form of agricultural, live stock and industrial commodities whose volume gradually increases. The gap between the volume of virtual water import of agricultural and live stock commodities and the total volume of agricultural water use reaches approximately 600 million $m^3$. This figure can be negligible considering the total volume of water demand in Korea, around 16 billion $m^3$, which demonstrates the validity of the evaluation method in terms of analyzing water balance.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.276-288
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• 2014

The six polysaccharide fractions were prepared by chromatographic procedure from the hot water extracts of the aboveground parts of Astragalus membranaceus. These six polysaccharides from aboveground parts of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge were tested for gut-mucosal immune activity and acute toxicity. In a view of molecular weight, the six fractions were estimated to be 75000, 88000, 129000 and 345000 Da, respectively. Component sugar analysis indicated that these fractions were mainly consisted of galactose (46.3 ~ 11.8%) and arabinose (35.4 ~ 9.9%) in addition to glucose, rhamnose, fucose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. Among the six major purified polysaccharides, AMA-1-b-PS2 showed highest bone merrow cell proliferation and lymphocyte of Peyer's patch stimulating activity. It may be concluded that intestinal immune system modulating activity of aboveground parts from Astragalus membranaceus Bunge is caused by polysaccharides having a polygalacturonan moiety with neutral sugars such as arabinose and galactose. In single oral dose toxicity study, no differences were observed between control and treated groups in clinical signs. The results indicated that lethal dose 50 ($LD_{50}$) of water extracts from Astragalus membranaceus-aboveground parts was found to be higher than 5000 mg/kg/day in this experiment. From the above results, we may suggest that Astragalus membranaceus-aboveground parts might have useful as a safe material for functional food and pharmaceutics.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.434-437
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• 2010

For approval of medical devices manufactured or imported, submission of technical documents as well as the application form is required. The manufacturer (or importer) should properly identify the raw materials the applied product is made of and the manufacturing processes the product undergoes before it is shipped in the application form. In the technical documents, scientific data to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and quality of the applied product that has been described in the application form should be provided. Therefore, identifying the raw materials that were used for the parts of the applied product and describing the physical and chemical characteristics of the raw materials are quite important and essential in ensuring the efficacy, safety, and quality of the applied product. To describe the physical and chemical characteristics of the raw materials correctively, the applicant is required to have broad knowledge in the scientific fields such as chemical, polymer, metal, and ceramic science and engineering. But most of the applicant are not experts in these fields, so that the description in the application form often includes wrong and improper descriptions. Thus, we developed a guideline which explains the raw materials for medical devices, show the their examples. The purpose of this description guideline is to help the applicant properly completing the "Raw materials or constituents and their volumes" part in the application form.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2014

Human has noticed a beautiful natural scenery and appreciated it as a scenic site by giving meaning to it and evaluating it. How the beautiful natural scenery was appreciated as a scenic site depends on natural features, social and cultural environments, and the current of the times. Mt. Jiri is the highest mountain in inland South Korea and keeps ancestors' history and culture intact. Joseon Dynasty literary men frequently mentioned Mt. Jiri as a tourist attraction where they could pursue and share their studies against its beautiful natural scenery. The countless literary men visited Mt. Jiri and some of them left their journeys as travelling records. This research aimed at apprehending travel routes of Chunwang Peak of Mt. Jiri based on the contents of travelling records and investigating the scenic site value of scenic resources as the literary men in Joseon Dynasty recognized. The scenic resources of Mt. Jiri were related to the change of the reason or motivation of person who climbed and it should be noted that there was a change of reason or motivation in climbing Mt. Jiri from a following of master's paths to discovery of a new trails. Thus, even if there was a difference in reason or purpose of natural scenic beauty, the concept of scenic sites of the past and the present day should be included into the extended meaning of scenic sites. This research aimed the routes of well-known literary men need to be developed as programs utilizing "the concept of ancient sages' footprints" and the development of these contents shall be used for vitalization and self-support of a regional economy.