Journal of Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회논문집)

Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회)
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Evaluation of Virtual Water Calculation Method in Korea

우리나라 가상수량 산정방법의 적용성 평가

  • Ahn, Jae-Hyun (Department of Civil Engineering, Seokyeong University) ;
  • Lee, Jae-Geun (Department of Civil Engineering, Seokyeong University) ;
  • Lee, Seung-Ho (Graduate School of International Studies, Korea University) ;
  • Hong, Il-Pyo (Water Resources Research Department, Korea Institute of Construction Technology)
  • 안재현 (서경대학교 토목공학과) ;
  • 이재근 (서경대학교 도시환경시스템공학과) ;
  • 이승호 (고려대학교 국제대학원) ;
  • 홍일표 (한국건설기술연구원 수자원연구실)
  • Received : 2010.02.04
  • Accepted : 2010.05.03
  • Published : 2010.06.30
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Abstract

Virtual water is defined as the volume of water to produce commodities and provide services, which has been developed by Tony Allan since the early 1990s. This research aims to evaluate a volume of virtual water trade in Korea from 1998 to 2007 by applying the evaluation method of unit virtual water volume to agricultural, live stock and industrial products, which is developed by Chapagain and Hoekstra (2004). Also, the concept of water footprint is deployed to quantify the volume of virtual water trade between countries. The study attempts to assess the appropriateness of the evaluation method of unit virtual water volume by employing the method to calculate the total amount of agricultural products in Korea and comparing this with the amount of agricultural water demand in the Korea Water Vision 2006. The research outcome shows that Korea has a net virtual water import of 32 billion $m^3$ on average in the form of agricultural, live stock and industrial commodities whose volume gradually increases. The gap between the volume of virtual water import of agricultural and live stock commodities and the total volume of agricultural water use reaches approximately 600 million $m^3$. This figure can be negligible considering the total volume of water demand in Korea, around 16 billion $m^3$, which demonstrates the validity of the evaluation method in terms of analyzing water balance.

가상수(假想水, Virtual Water)란 일정량의 농산물, 축산물, 공산품과 같은 생산품 혹은 서비스 제공에 필요한 물의양을 뜻하는 것으로 1990년대 초반 Tony Allan 교수가 처음 제시하였다. 본 연구는 Chapagain and Hoekstra (2004)이 제시한 농축산물 및 공산품의 단위 가상수량 산정방법을 분석 및 적용하여 1998년부터 2007년까지 우리나라의 가상수 수출입량을 산정하였다. 또한 가상수 수출입을 국가간 정량화하는 방법론으로 물발자국(Water Footprint) 이론을 이용하였다. 그리고 2006년 우리나라 농작물 생산량에 단위 가상수량을 적용하여 수자원장기종합계획(건설교통부, 2006)의 농업용수 수요량과 비교함으로써 단위 가상수 사용의 적절성을 검토하였다. 연구결과 현재 우리나라는 연평균 320억 $m^3$의 가상수를 농축산물 및 공산품의 무역을 통하여 순수입하고 있으며 그 양은 지속적으로 증가추세를 보이고 있다. 생산되는 농작물의 가상수량과 농업용수 수요량의 차이는 약 6억 $m^3$으로서 전체 수요량이 약 160억 $m^3$인 점을 감안한다면 상대적으로 근소한 차이로서 본 연구에서 적용한 단위 가상수량 산정방법이 타당함을 입증하였다.

Keywords

References

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