• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.338-352
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• 2019

This study was empirically intended to determine obstacle factors of the global start-up promotion for the international inroad of global start-up companies. The statistical analysis of reliability and validity was conducted through the AMOS structural equation model after surveying 300 companies over 5 years old into start-up in metropolitan cities across the country. The findings are as follows. The global start-up growth had a very close relationship with capital, product development period, quality and human resources. And capital as a start-up obstacle factor was insignificant, but development period, quality and human resources had a close relationship with industrial competitiveness. Even in the mediating effect of start-up obstacle factors on industrial competitiveness, capital was rejected, while quality, development period and human resources were adopted, having a positive mediating effect. These results demonstrate that capital is not a big obstacle to the management because of the continuous support of the government due to the nature of start-up companies, but growth is in a remote future as long as there is no independent product competitiveness to maintain the quality of products at a certain level and support of professional workforce to develop and commercialize them.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.67-72
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of computer game usage time on trunk muscle thickness and pressure pain threshold. The 33 study participants were divided into Group A, which spent less than 10 hours per week playing computer games; Group B, which spent between 10 and 20 hours per week playing computer games; and Group C, which spent more than 20 hours per a week playing computer games. The thickness of the participants' upper trapezius (UT), pectoralis minor (PM), anterior scalene (AS), and middle scalene (MS) muscles as well as the pressure pain threshold of their UT, PM, AS, MS, and levator scapular (LS) were measured. The study found that the PM, AS, and MS muscle thickness in group C was significantly greater than in the other groups (p<.05), and the UT, AS, PM, and LS pressure pain threshold in group C was significantly lower than in other groups (p<.05). Therefore, those who use computers for a long period of time during the week should recognize that their computer usage may cause musculoskeletal disorders.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.326-333
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• 2018

In this study, we identified methods to improve heat stability and skin permeability of functional protein biopolymers, such as growth factors, enzymes, and peptides. The biopolymers participate in cellular activation and catalytic functions in vivo. Therefore, when applied to cosmetics, their efficacies are expected to be helpful for skin care. However, they have disadvantages that include instability to heat and low skin permeability due to their high molecular weight. To overcome these problems, we searched for a composition that increases heat stability. Stability was improved using a polymeric humectant having a long polyethylene glycol length, compared with a mono-molecular structure humectant. Next, to enhance skin permeation, a permeation enhancing peptide was selected from a phage library. The permeation enhancing peptide can be commonly used to promote the permeation of growth factors, enzymes, and peptides. Screening was performed on the polymeric humectant formulation. One dominant peptide from the modified-screening method was identified. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the permeability of the peptide was better than that of the peptide developed through a screening system based on phosphate-buffered saline. The data indicate that the polymeric humectant formulation will be helpful for increasing the heat stability of protein ingredients and that skin permeability could be increased by a formulation-specific, penetration-enhancing peptide.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.143-154
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• 2018

This study is intended to look into the effects of SCM(supply chain management) competency and process improvement on operational performance in small and venture companies. To achieve this, a survey was empirically carried out to 179 small and venture manufacturing companies. The findings showed that the SCM competency had a significant effect on the process improvement and operational performance in small and venture companies, adopting all hypotheses. And the process improvement had a significant mediating effect on the relationship between SCM competency and operational performance in small and venture companies, adopting hypothesis 4. As for the findings, strategic alliance, technology development, competency concentration as SCM competencies and starting preparation, detailed planning, implementation management as process improvements were factors that have positive effects on quality performance, cost reduction and profit increase as operational performances in small and venture companies. In other words, the better process and performance by the maximized SCM competencies require selective input strategies for strategic alliance, technology development and competency concentration in small and venture companies. And for its early application and settlement, the starting preparation and detailed planning of business process within small and venture companies need to be jointly put in action under clear company-wide goal management. Consequently, the expected performance can be maximized when strict management and implementation lead to these attributes.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.98-119
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• 2021

This thesis aims to examine when the petroglyphs of Cheonjeon-ri, Ulju were carved and their nature. To achieve this, the relations between rituals and rock carving motifs are examined besides the nature of the archaeological monuments with carved petroglyphs. The investigation revealed that the figurative motifs on the petroglyphs of Cheonjeon-ri, Ulju, may have been carved during the Korean Bronze Age considering other examples of figurative petroglyphs from that period. It is reasonable to assume that the figurative animal motifs on the petroglyphs of Cheonjeon-ri, Ulju were used for rituals of fertility and rebirth as a subsistence ritual during the Korean Bronze Age. The Geomdan-ri Archaeological Culture Type is a strong candidate, having used both petroglyphs of Cheonjeon-ri and those of Bangudae, Ulju, since the Geomdan-ri Archaeological Culture Type has a higher proportion of hunting and fishing and lower proportion of rice cultivation in its subsistence than in the subsistence of the Songguk-ri Archaeological Culture Type. In contrast to the figurative motifs, the abstractive motifs, including the geometric designs on the petroglyphs of Cheonjeon-ri, Ulju, are generally accepted to have been carved during the Bronze Age. Although there have been some disputes over the symbolic meanings of concentric motifs, lozenge motifs, and other geometric motifs, they may be related to rituals for sun worship, ancestor worship, and fertility cults. Their meanings have been continuously reinterpreted.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.33
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• pp.305-334
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• 2008

This paper is intended to present the philosophical thoughts of Yu Won-Ji who was one of famous scholars in The School of Toegye. He criticized Yi I(Yulgok) and Jang Hyeon-Gwang(Yeohyeon) because they regarded Li and Ch'i as one. Yi was considered an actual founder of their theoretical and political rival party called the School of Yulgok. Jang also refused to accept Toegye's theory and had developed his own theory, which emphasized the unity of Li(principle) and Ch'i(material force). Therefore Yu might well exclude Yi I(Yulgok) and Jang Hyeon-Gwang and criticize their theories severely. First, he was convinced that Toegye's doctrine(Li-Gi-Ho-Bal-Seol) was a orthodox theory accurately succeeding to Jhu Xi's learning. Secondly, he criticised Yi I(Yulgok) for looking upon Li and Ch'i as one thing. Thirdly, he regarded Jang's doctrine as same with Yulgok's. Fourthly, he thought it is necessary to criticize Jang's theory in order to preserve Toegye's learning and establish the theoretical identity of the Toegye School.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.109-117
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• 2021

Recently, the use of speech-based interfaces is increasing as a means for human-computer interaction (HCI). Accordingly, interest in post-processors for correcting errors in speech recognition results is also increasing. However, a lot of human-labor is required for data construction. in order to manufacture a sequence to sequence (S2S) based speech recognition post-processor. To this end, to alleviate the limitations of the existing construction methodology, a new data construction method called Back TranScription (BTS) was proposed. BTS refers to a technology that combines TTS and STT technology to create a pseudo parallel corpus. This methodology eliminates the role of a phonetic transcriptor and can automatically generate vast amounts of training data, saving the cost. This paper verified through experiments that data should be constructed in consideration of text style and domain rather than constructing data without any criteria by extending the existing BTS research.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.281-287
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• 2021

In this study, we analyzed the cosmetic applicability of extract from snow tea, native to Lijiang, Yunnan-province, China. After confirming the species as N. grossedentata through DNA analysis of Lijiang snow tea, experiments were conducted using representative tea, green tea, and a representative control group for each efficacy analysis. Both teas were extracted using 70% (v/v) ethanol aqueous solution. The polyphenol content in the Lijiang snow tea extract (gallic acid equivalent, 23.9 ± 3.2 mg/mL) was higher than that in green tea extract (16.4 ± 2.3 mg/mL). In contrast, the antioxidant (Radical scavenging, IC₅₀ 104 ㎍/mL), tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory (whitening agent, IC₅₀ 40.7 ㎍/mL), and Escherichia coli growth inhibitory (preservative) activities (IC₅₀ 2.85 mg/mL) were analyzed based on the solid content in the extract, and it was confirmed that the activities of Lijiang snow tea extract were superior to those of green tea extract (radical scavenging, IC₅₀ 234 ㎍/mL. It also showed similar efficacy to previously used active substances such as antioxidants (vitamin C, IC₅₀ 108 ㎍/mL), whitening agents (vitamin C, IC₅₀ 80㎍/mL), and preservatives (methylparaben, IC₅₀ 4.35 mg/mL). However, green tea was found to be better in collagenase inhibition activity (anti-wrinkle). Through this study, the cosmetic application potential of Lijiang snow tea is high.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2022

This study was conducted to provide useful basic data for restoration and maintenance of the Changdeokgung Palace(昌德宮)'s inner palace area in the future by exploring the background of terraced flower beds installed in the front space of Seunghwaru(承華樓) and grasping the reality before and after terraced flower beds were installed. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, in the early 1900s, the front space of Seunghwaru formed a relatively higher terrain than the Nakseonjae(樂善齋) area. In addition, along the topography of high north and low south, a yard surrounded by Haenggak(行閣) and a rectangular open space connected to the West Haenggak of Nakseonjae were created. In particular, the rectangular open space was a staircase-type slope in which rectangular stone columns were arranged at regular intervals. Second, the terraced flower beds of Seunghwaru originated from the renovation of the new building of Nakseonjae West Hanggak, which was implemented in the late 1920s. This is because in order to secure enough available land for construction and auxiliary space during the renovation of the new building, the terraced flower beds for topographic treatment was created along the cutting area after cutting off the original topography of the front space of Seunghwaru. Third, after the construction of the terraced flower beds, many deformation occurred in the topographic features of the front space of Seunghwaru. The front yard of Seunghwaru was relatively higher than the Nakseonjae area, but most of them were cut off and disappeared as the terraced flower beds were created. The staircase-type also disappeared after the construction of the new building and terraced flower beds. The stylobate and front fence of Seunghwaru were newly built along the alignment of terraced flower beds and the unique style of narrow gate and auxiliary stairs were also relocated to the new fence.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.57-66
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• 2022

Since the discovery of the inscriptions engraved with the "Chinese characters of Empress Wu(則天文字)" at 251 and 256-1, Seonjin-ri, Sacheon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do in 2003, researchers from the Gyeongnam Institute of Cultural Properties, Kwak Seung-Hoon, and Kim Chang-Gyeom have attempted to read and interpret the inscriptions. However, there are still different theories as to the origin of the "Chinese characters of Empress Wu" appearing in the inscriptions and the use of Idu(吏讀)-type notation. This study aims to clarify, this inscription was erected by the king of Silla in the late 7th and mid-8th centuries to commemorate his participation in the Sacheon and Jinju patrols and Buddhist activities, and it is revealed that the main character of the inscription is likely to be King Seongdeok who has visited southern countries. In addition, in the case of "上了言", which has been interpreted as a human name, it should be understood as an Idu-type notation or a 變體漢文 because of the use of the proposition 了, and it should be interpreted as a character that means the end of a specific act. Although it is not a religious text like 『Mugujeonggwangdaedaranigyeong (The Great Dharani Sutra)』, the reason why the "Chinese characters of Empress Wu(則天文字)" was used is that in the process of accepting the Huayan school, the royal family of Silla came into contact with the Buddhist scriptures of the period of the Empress Wu, which is closely related to the rise of the Huayan school in the Middle Ages, and it appears to have learned and used in this process.