• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.149-166
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the regional disparity and its determinants of $CO_2$ emission from the residential energy consumption in China. This study examines factors that affect the $CO_2$ emission per capita using the panel model. The panel model was set by a balanced panel data for 30 provinces and for the period of 2006~2011. $CO_2$ emission per capita is used as the dependent variable and characteristics of the household and regional physical environmental factors are selected as the explanatory variables. The important findings can be summarized as follows. $CO_2$ emission per capita is influenced by the ratio of the graduate students, household size, the ratio of the old-aged, female economic participation rate. High residential density is negatively affected on $CO_2$ emission. The findings suggest that the effect of policies reducing $CO_2$ emission per capita may vary by characteristics of the household, energy sources and regional climate. The results of this empirical study give some implications to reduce the residential energy consumption in the era of climate change.

• Clean Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.406-414
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• 2014

Biogas is a gaseous mixture produced from microbial digestion of organic materials in the absence of oxygen. Raw biogas, depending upon organic materials, digestion time and process conditions, contains about 45-75% methane, 30-50% carbon dioxide, 0.3% of hydrogen sulfide gas and fraction of water vapor. To achieve the standard composition of the biogas the treatment techniques like absorption or membrane separation was performed for the resourcing of biogas. In this paper the experimental results of the methane purification in simulated biogas mixture consisted of methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide were presented. The composite membrane is manufactured within polysulfone in order to increase the separation performances for the gaseous mixtures of $CO_2$ and $CH_4$ which are main components of the biogas. The effects of feed pressures and mixed gas on the separation of $CO_2-CH_4$ by membrane are investigated. Chelate chemical was utilized to treat the purification of methane from the $H_2S$ concentration of 0.3%.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.644-650
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• 2021

This study characterized the reforming of methane with carbon dioxide, which is a major cause of global warming. The methane decomposition reaction with carbon dioxide was carried out using transition metal catalysts. The reactivity of tin was lower than that of a transition metal, such as nickel and iron. Most of the decomposition reaction occurred in the solid state. The melting point of tin is 505.03 K. Tin reacts in a liquid phase at the reaction temperature and has the advantage of separating carbon produced by the decomposition of methane from the liquid tin catalyst. Therefore, deactivation due to the deposition of carbon in the liquid tin can be prevented. Methane decomposition with carbon dioxide produced carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Ni was used to promote the catalyst performance and enhance the activity of the catalyst and lifetime. In this study, catalysts were synthesized using the excess wet impregnation method. The effect of the reaction temperature, space velocity was measured to calculate the activity of catalysts, such as the activation energy and regeneration of catalysts. The carbon-deposited tin catalyst regeneration temperature was 1023 K. The reactivity was improved using a nickel co-catalyst and a water supply.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.539-546
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• 2019

Global warming has mentioned as one of the international problems and these researches have conducted. Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technology has improved due to increasing importance of reducing emission of carbon dioxide. Among of various CCUS technologies, mineral carbonation can converted $CO_2$ into high-cost materials with low energy. Existing researches has been used ions extracted solid wastes for mineral carbonation but the procedure is complicated. However, the procedure using seawater is simple because it contained high concentration of metal cation. This research is a basic study using seawater-based wastewater for mineral carbonation. 3 M Monoethanolamine (MEA) was used as $CO_2$ absorbent. Making various concentrations of seawater solution, simulated seawater powder was used. Precipitated metal carbonate salts were produced by mixing seawater solutions and $rich-CO_2$ absorbent solution. They were analyzed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and studied characteristic of producing precipitated metal carbonate and possibility of reusing absorbent.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.182-188
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• 2020

This study aimed to collect the carbon dioxide generated as a by-product from petrochemicals and liquor factories and use it in a crop breeding greenhouse. This was applied mainly to the storage of dry ice and the supply of carbon dioxide to achieve this target. Dry ice has a strong cooling effect because CO₂ becomes a solid or gas at temperatures and pressures below the triple point, and the solid sublimes at -78.5℃ and atmospheric pressure. The consumption of dry ice according to temperature was 0.983kg/day, 2.358kg/day, 5.102kg/day, and 7.035kg/day when the temperature was 5℃, 10℃, 15℃, and 20℃, respectively, which corresponded to 1,102ppm, 1,481ppm, 1,677ppm, and 1,855ppm. Dry ice consumption in the test greenhouse decreased by approximately 0.9kg/h, and the CO₂ concentration in the greenhouse at 9 a.m., before supplying dry ice increased to 517ppm, 1,519ppm at 10 a.m., 1,651ppm at 11 a.m., and 1,651ppm at 12 p.m., before maintaining this level of activity. Overall, this study attempted to contribute to increasing farm income by deriving the supply conditions through an expansion of the supply of carbon dioxide gas for crops.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.382-387
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• 2018

In this study, the reaction characteristics of combined steam and carbon dioxide reforming of methane (CSCRM) reaction using Pd-Ni-YSZ catalyst were investigated according to types of catalysts and gas compositions. Catalysts were prepared in the form of powder and porous disk. The injected gases were supplied at different ratios of $CH_4/CO_2/H_2O$. As a result, the conversion of $CH_4$ and $CO_2$ was improved as a result of using the porous disc type catalyst as compared with that of the powder type catalyst. When the $CH_4/CO_2/H_2O$ ratio of the feed gas was 1 : 0.5 : 0.5, the $H_2/CO$ ratio was adjusted close to 2. However, after 6 hours of the reaction, $CH_4$ conversion was partially reduced by the carbon deposition and the pressure drop increased from 0.1 to 0.8. This issue was then solved by optimizing the water content. As a result, it was confirmed that the durability was secured by preventing the carbon deposition when the gas was supplied at a $CH_4/CO_2/H_2O$ ratio of 1 : 0.5 : 1, and the conversion rate was maintained at a relatively high level.

• Electric Engineers Magazine
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• s.337
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• pp.21-24
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• 2010

경제발달로 산업화가 가속화 되면서 대규모 공업단지나 빌딩의 증가로 전력수요가 급격히 늘어남에 따라 더 많은 발전이 필요하게 되었다. 화력발전은 건설기간이 원자력이나 수력에 비해 짧고 운영이 용이한 반면 이산화탄소 배출이 훨씬 많아 지구온난화와 환경문제의 주요인으로 지적되고 있다. 또한 발전은 입지조건상 바닷가부근에서 생산하여 송전선로를 통해 공급하므로 송배전 전력손실이 높아진다. 따라서 화력발전의 비율을 줄이고 전력망의 손실을 감소시키기 위해서는 신재생에너지원과의 연계운전이 중요하다. 이렇게 다양한 전력공급원과 소비의 최적 운전을 위해서는 스마트 그리드의 구성과 운영 기술의 도입이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 스마트그리드의 기본 구성요소와 신재생에너지원과의 연계운전에 필요한 알고리즘 체계를 제시하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.41-42
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• 2015

도시에서의 에너지는 주로 인력에 의해 관리되고 소비된다. 전력이나 물, 가스 등 살아가는데 필요한 에너지는 화석연료로 생산되거나 만들어진다. 따라서 전력 등과 같은 에너지의 소비가 많을수록 이산화탄소 배출이나 지구온난화가 심화된다. 도시의 건축물에 대한 에너지의 공급체계는 건축물과 별도로 구성되어 있어 통합적 관리를 통해 사용량을 최적화하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 스마트그리드 스테이션을 기반으로 한 스마트그리드 시티를 구축하는 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 통해 홈, 타운, 시티를 거쳐 최종적으로 스마트 에너지 국가를 완성하게 된다.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.19-20
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• 1994

막(Membrane)을 이용한 기체분리는 막층 네에서의 기체분자의 투과성의 차이를 이용하여 기체분리를 행하는 것으로 공기중 산소의 분리 (산소부화막 이라고도 한다), 수성가스중의 수소의 농축분리, 탄화수소가스중 이산화탄소의 분리, 그 외에 산업폐가스 (황화수소, 일산화탄소, 아황산가스 등)의 분리등이 있다. 이 중 산소부화막은 의료용 산소공급장치나 산업용 용광로의 연소효율 증진에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있으며 산업폐가스이 분리공정은 환경공학적 측면에서 활용이 가능하다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.627-631
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• 2003

본 연구는 폐기물로부터 CO와 H$_2$가 주성분인 합성 가스를 얻는 방법에 대한 것으로, 주요 반응으로는, 폐기물 내의 탄소, 수소 성분과 외부에서 공급된 산소와의 발열반응인 부분연소 반응과 부분 연소 반응에 의해 생성된 이산화탄소와 물이 미 반응 탄소와의 흡열 반응인 가스화 반응으로 구성된다.(중략)