• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.103-110
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• 2013

Logical Effort [1, 2] is a simple hand-calculated method that measures quick delay estimation. It has the advantage of reducing the design cycle time. However, it has shortcomings in designing a path for minimum area or power under a fixed-delay constraint. The method of overcoming the shortcomings is shown in [3], but it is constrained for a single logical path. This paper presents an advanced gate sizing method in multiple logical paths based on the equal delay model. According to the results of the simulation, the power dissipation for both the existing logical effort method and proposed method is almost equal. However, compared with the existing logical effort method, it is about 52 (%) more efficient in space.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.4
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• pp.23-36
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• 2000

이 논문은 일상적인 직설 조건문에 대한 새로운 이해를 제시함으로써 반 맥기가 전건 긍정법에 대한 반례라고 주장하는 예들에 대한 체계적인 이해방식을 제시하고 이것들이 전건 긍정법의 반례가 아니라는 것을 보인다. 직설 조건문에 대한 새로운 이해란 그것이 전건인 경우 후건의 조건적 확률이 높다는 것을 주장하는 문장이며 따라서 이 조건적 확률이 높은 경우 참이 되는 문장으로 봄으로써 직설 조건문이 그 논리적 형식에 있어서 조건문이 아니라는 것이다. 또한, 이렇게 이해되었을 때 반 맥기가 염두에 두고 있던 직설 조건문의 세 가지 특징이 역시 설명될 수 있다는 것을 보임으로써, 이 새로운 이해방식이 타당함을 보인다.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.33-70
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• 2014

We still do not know against what histocial/philosophical background and motivation was Tarski's definition of logical consequence introduced, even if it has had such a strong influence. In view of the centrality of the notion of logical consequence in logic and philosophy of logic, it is rather shocking. There must be various intertwined reasons to blame for this uncomfortable situation. There has been remarkable progress achieved recently on the history of analytic philosophy and modern logic. In view of the recent developments of the controversies involved, however, we will have to wait years to resolve all this uneasiness. In this gloomy situation, Douglas Patterson's recent study of Tarski's philosophy of language and logic seems to have the potential to turn out to be a ground breaking achievement. [Patterson (2012)] This article aims at reporting the state-of-the-art in this problem area, and fathoming the future directions of research by examining critically some unclear components of Patterson's study.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.71-109
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• 2014

Gila Sher believes that Tarskian definition of logical consequence is a conceptually and extensionally adequate explanation. She has tried to show this on the basis of Mostowskian conceptions of generalized quantifiers as being invariant under isomorphic structures and her own conceptions of models. In this paper I try to show that her attempt to justify the Tarskian definition is only partially successful. I admit that her conceptions of the logical as being invariant under isomorphic structures are enough to show the logical formality of logical consequence relations. But I think that since her conceptions of meanings of terms are quite inadequate for dealing with the problem of empty predicates, she fails to distinguish logically necessary truths from other kinds of truths.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

Magnetic Tunneling Junction (MTJ) has been used as a nonvolatile universal storage element mainly in memory technology. However, according to several recent studies, magneto-logic using MTJ elements show much potential in substitution for the transistor-based logic device. Magneto-logic based on MTJ can maintain the data during the power-off mode, since an MTJ element can store the result data in itself. Moreover, just by changing input signals, the full logic functions can be realized. Because of its programmability, it can embody the reconfigurable magneto-logic circuit in the rigid physical architecture. In this paper, we propose a novel 3-bit arbitrary magneto-logic circuit beyond the simple combinational logic or the short sequential one. We design the 3-bit magneto-logic which has the most complexity using MTJ elements and verify its functionality. The simulation results are presented with the HSPICE macro-model of MTJ that we have developed in our previous work. This novel magneto-logic based on MTJ can realize the most complex logic function. What is more, 3-bit arbitrary logic operations can be implemented by changing gate signals of the current drivel circuit.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.335-354
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate cognitive development and logical thinking formation levels of elementary gifted students and to compare with those of elementary regular students. For this purpose, 79 gifted elementary school students and 114 regular elementary school students in Kyunggi Province were participated, and GALT(Group Assessment of Logical Test) was administered to them. The results obtained in this study were as follows. First, the logical thinking scores of elementary gifted students were significantly higher than general students'(p<.05). Comparing the distribution of cognitive development level, elementary gifted students showed higher ratio in formal operation and lower ratio in concrete operation compared to the general students. It was interpreted that the cognitive development of gifted students preceded general students'. Second, analyzing according to the grade of elementary gifted students, logical thinking scores were significantly different between 5th graders and 6th graders(p<.05). Compared to 5th graders, logical thinking and formal operation ratio of 6th gifted graders showed significantly higher. The scores of four logical thinking areas except for conservational logic and correlational logic of 6th gifted graders showed significantly higher than 5th gifted graders'. Both 5th and 6th graders showed the highest formation ratio in combinational logic, and the lowest ratio in correlational logic. Third, logical thinking scores of gifted students according to gender did not show a significant difference(p>.05). The gifted boys reached formal operation more than gifted girls, but stayed more in the concrete operation. There was gender difference in correlational logic. The gifted girls showed significantly higher than gifted boys in correlational logic(p<.05).

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-37
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• 2018

As is well known, Wittgenstein criticizes Russell's theory of types explicitly in the Tractatus. What, then, is the point of Wittgenstein's criticism of Russell's theory of types? In order to answer this question I will consider the theory of types on its philosophical aspect and its logical aspect. Roughly speaking, in the Tractatus Wittgenstein's logical syntax is the alternative of Russell's theory of types. Logical syntax is the sign rules, in particular, formation rules of notation of the Tractatus. Wittgenstein's distinction of saying-showing is the most fundamental ground of logical syntax. Wittgenstein makes a step forward with his criticism of Russell's theory of types to the view that logical grammar is arbitrary and a priori. His criticism of Russell's theory of types is after all the challenge against Frege-Russell's conception of logic. Logic is not concerned with general truth or features of the world. Tautologies which consist of logic say nothing.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.39-57
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• 2018

This paper deals with non-algebraic Kripke-style semantics, i.e, set-theoretical Kripke-style semantics, for weakening-free non-commutative fuzzy logics. We first recall an extension of the pseudo-uninorm based fuzzy logic HpsUL, $CnHpsUL^*$. We next introduce set-theoretical Kripke-style semantics for it.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1998.10b
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• pp.182-184
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• 1998

수치지도는 지리정보시스템에서 다루는 매우 중요한 구성요소로서, 수치지도의 위치정확도 및 논리적 정확도는 전체 지리정보시스템이 제공하는 기능의 정확도를 결정한다. 따라서 수치지도 제작에 있어, 위치 및 논리적 정확도를 보장하는 것은 매우 중요한 요건이 된다. 그러나, 현재 대부분의 수치지도 제작과정을 살펴보면 논리적 정확도의 유지에 여러 가지 어려움이 많다는 것을 알 수 있다. 주로 수치지도의 논리적 정확도는 수치지도 제작자의 숙련도나, 제작 능력에 전적으로 의존하고 있다는 사실 때문이다. 따라서 제작자의 자질에 관계없이 논리적 정확도를 유지할 수 잇도록 하는 수치지도 제작 환경을 개발하는 것은 매우 시급하고 중요한 사항이다. 본 논문에서는 수치지도 제작과정에서 발생할 수 있는 여러 종류의 문제점들을 공간 객체간의 위상 관계를 이용하여 해결하고자 하였다. 이 방법은 수치지도 제작과정에서 공간 객체간의 위상적 조건을 미리 명시하고 그 위상적 조건을 만족하도록 하는 수치지도 제작 환경을 만들어 주는 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2010

This paper investigates a new proof of standard completeness (i.e. completeness on the real unit interval [0, 1]) for the uninorm (based) logic UL introduced by Metcalfe and Montagna in [15]. More exactly, standard completeness is established for UL by using nuclear completions method introduced in [8, 9].