• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.538-547
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• 2019

This study analyzes the conceptual understanding of in-service and pre-service earth science teachers about the H-R diagrams and evolution of stars using conceptual status analysis categories. The results show that (a) many teachers use unscientific language in the Intelligibility range, (b) teachers are categorized in Low scientific inquiry ability related to graph creation and unscientific analogy for scientific concept which is hightly corelated to the possibility of misunderstanding in the teaching process, and (c) pre-service teachers lack the understanding of the secondary science curriculum. It is necessary to develop pre-service curriculum that can be applied to the school site. In the category of Plausibility range, (d) both groups understood the cosmological meaning of stellar evolution. However, pre-service teachers do not specifically explain the mechanism of a star. In the category of Fruitfulness range, in-service teachers come up with educational problems reflecting the academic characteristics of earth science and apply their knowledge to actual problem solving. On the other hand, pre-service teachers show high nonresponse ratio, they do not see the H-R diagram and the evolution of stars as a practical concept. In the analysis process, both groups are found to have many unscientific conceptions about the H-R diagram and evolution of stars. Therefore, it is suggested that caution be used in developing a professional development program of earth science teachers.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.49-77
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to reveal errors in the estimations on the nonstandard workers scale which have resulted from little consideration for bogus self-employment. Bogus self-employment means disguised employment relationships that are considered to be self-employed workers even though they have inherent subordination. The methods of previous studies estimate that the bogus self-employed workers are excluded from estimations because they are not workers in principle. We analyze the scale of the bogus self-employments using the empirical data [the Korean Welfare Panel of 2008-2013(six wave panel)] to re-estimate the scale of non-standard workers. In 2013, the year of the last wave, the percentage of the bogus self-employment was high, the proportion of them is 28.5% among self-employment without owning a place of business. Our results expect the number of contract workers from re-analysis would be over 740 thousand when reflecting on the predictive value in the actual number of paid workers. In conclusion, it is necessary to apply reasonable methods of analysis concerning the scope and scale of the nonstandard workers for the sake of coping with measures against the problem of nonstandard workers. The aim of this study is to reveal the estimation error on nonstandard workers' scale which are resulted from having no consideration for bogus self-employment. Bogus self-employment means disguised employment relationship that is considered as self-employment workers even though they have inherent subordination. The methods of previous researches' estimation on nonstandard workers have the problem that the bogus self-employment workers are excluded from estimation because they are not workers in principle.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.10-21
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• 2021

Brittle materials such as rocks and concretes exhibit large strain-rate dependency under dynamic loading conditions. This means that the mechanical properties of such materials can significantly be varied according to load velocity. Thus, the strain-rate dependency is recognized as one of the most important considerations in solving problems of blast engineering or rock dynamics. Unfortunately, however, studies for characterizing the dynamic properties of domestic rocks and other brittle materials are still insufficient in the country. In this study, dynamic tensile tests were conducted using the Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus to characterize the dynamic properties of Geochang granite and high-strength concrete specimens. The dynamic Brazilian disc test, which is suggested by ISRM, and the spalling method were applied. In general, the latter is believed to have some advantages in experiments under high-strain rate deformation. It was found from the tests that there were no significant difference between the dynamic tensile strengths obtained from the two different test methods for the two materials given. However, this was not the expected result before the tests. Actually, authors expected that there be some differences between them. Hence, it is thought that further investigations are needed to clarify this results.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.109-117
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• 2021

Recently, the use of speech-based interfaces is increasing as a means for human-computer interaction (HCI). Accordingly, interest in post-processors for correcting errors in speech recognition results is also increasing. However, a lot of human-labor is required for data construction. in order to manufacture a sequence to sequence (S2S) based speech recognition post-processor. To this end, to alleviate the limitations of the existing construction methodology, a new data construction method called Back TranScription (BTS) was proposed. BTS refers to a technology that combines TTS and STT technology to create a pseudo parallel corpus. This methodology eliminates the role of a phonetic transcriptor and can automatically generate vast amounts of training data, saving the cost. This paper verified through experiments that data should be constructed in consideration of text style and domain rather than constructing data without any criteria by extending the existing BTS research.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.81-94
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• 2021

Objective : Response time plays a prominent part in research on cognitive ability and the aging effect. This study aimed to identify the impact of cognitive ability on information processing by conducting cognitive response time (CRT) using a computer program. Methods : This study was conducted in 30 normal elderly (NE) and 30 elderly with amnestic MCI (aMCI), aged 65-79 years old living in Daegu and Gyeongbuk. The results were analyzed using the statistical analysis program R 4.0.2 (University of Auckland, New Zealand). Results : In the three sub-areas of CRT, the total response time showed a significant difference depending on group or age, and the error rate showed a significant difference depending on age or group in some sub-areas. In the aMCI group, the performance of CRT significantly correlated with that of the overall cognition and memory test. Conclusion : Information processing depending on aging or cognitive ability and the differential performance of processing speed could be observed through CRT. The performance of this test was found to be significantly correlated with that of the overall cognition and memory test. Therefore, CRT could be used meaningfully as a simplified tool to predict the initial cognitive disorder of the elderly in the community.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.253-262
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• 2023

E-voting is a concept that includes actions such as kiosk voting at a designated place and internet voting at an unspecified place, and has emerged to alleviate the problem of consuming a lot of resources and costs when conducting offline voting. Using E-voting has many advantages over existing voting systems, such as increased efficiency in voting and ballot counting, reduced costs, increased voting rate, and reduced errors. However, centralized E-voting has not received attention in public elections and voting on corporate agendas because the results of voting cannot be trusted due to concerns about data forgery and modulation and hacking by others. In order to solve this problem, recently, by designing an E-voting system using blockchain, research has been actively conducted to supplement concepts lacking in existing E-voting, such as increasing the reliability of voting information and securing transparency. In this paper, we proposed an electronic voting system that introduced hybrid blockchain that uses public and private blockchains in convergence. A hybrid blockchain can solve the problem of slow transaction processing speed, expensive fee by using a private blockchain, and can supplement for the lack of transparency and data integrity of transactions through a public blockchain. In addition, the proposed system is implemented as BaaS to ensure the ease of type conversion and scalability of blockchain and to provide powerful computing power. BaaS is an abbreviation of Blockchain as a Service, which is one of the cloud computing technologies and means a service that provides a blockchain platform ans software through the internet. In this paper, in order to evaluate the feasibility, the proposed system and domestic and foreign electronic voting-related studies are compared and analyzed in terms of blockchain type, anonymity, verification process, smart contract, performance, and scalability.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.103-131
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• 2022

2021, the Supreme Court recognized the foundation of the quasi-indecent act by force by the concept of 'alcohol blackout' although there were multiple situations that it was hard to judge insanity of the victims was evident in the cases with drunken victims. This means the consideration of insanity state due to temporary false memory rather than the total loss of mental capacity from the existing concept of insanity. However, the interpretation of insanity in the criminal law has to be strict and its application could be difficult. In particular, the comparison precedent which is very similar to the subject one was determined not to be the same with the state of the insanity or inability to resist during the sexual relation though the victim had the symptoms of alcohol blackout, denying the quasi-indecent act by force. This argument is determined to be logical remarkably, and insanity and quasi-indecent act by force should be discussed considering the medical review on the alcohol blackout of the victims sufficiently when determining the individual precedents. In addition, the most important point in the sexual crimes is the consent, and there may be possibility of negligence in case that uncertain consent is determined as the consent to continue the following act. Also, in case of uncertain consent or suspicious, universal determination not to follow the act should be able to realized. Therefore, strong evidence is required for criminality, determining that the victim is the state not to be able to do the normal judgment and the minimum willful negligence is existed that the accused uses this. In the subject ruling, the act of the accused has to be clearly punished, however, it is determined to be unreasonable for the punishment with the quasi-indecent act by force under the interpretation of the current regulations.

• 한국정책학회보
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.199-228
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• 2012

Policy problems are complex due to diverse participants and their relations in the policy processes. Defining the right problem in the first place is important because Type III error is likely to happen without removing rival hypothesis in defining the problem. This study applies Boundary Analysis suggested by Dunn to structure IT policy problems in Korea. The time frame of the study focuses on 5 years of Lee Administration and data are collected from four newspapers. Using content analysis, the study, first, elaborates total 2,614 policy problems from 1,908 stakeholders. After removing duplicating problems, 369 problems from 323 stakeholders are identified as a boundary of IT policy problem. Among others, failures in government policies are weighted as the most serious problems in IT policy field. However, many significant problems raised by stakeholders dated back to more than a decade, and those are intrinsic problems, which initially caused by market distortions in the IT industry. Therefore, we should be cautious not to overemphasize the most conspicuous problem as the only problem in the policy field when we interpret results of problem structuring.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.25-38
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• 2019

For many years, emotions have been regarded as dangerous as well as obstructive to reason and rationality. Even in the history of dramatic genres based on human behavior, emotions are often portrayed as errors or flaws that lead to the collapse of characters, even though they are presented as powerful motives to evoke the characters' actions. Based on the development of the cognitive science field today, it is revealed how emotion is important for human thinking, judgment and action, and how closely reason and emotion are combined. This study examines emotions dealt with in drama genres on the basis of the sociality of emotions. Emotions also play a crucial role in the change and judgment of the audience of drama. This study examines the sociality of emotions and looks at the social aspect of individual emotions through the movie as a text. Just as horror movies attempt to communicate using and expanding feelings of fear, the movie uses the emotions of 'Sad' and 'Losing' to try to expand and share it. And I look into the mechanism in which the emotions of the characters in drama are transmitted to the audience in the form of empathy.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1521-1538
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• 2009

The purpose of the present study was to examine the structural causal relationships among problem drinking of elderly, depression, self-esteem and life satisfaction through structural Equation Modeling and also to investigate how these effects were influenced by the differences in the structural relationships between poor and non-poor elderly. The results showed the positive relationship between problem drinking and depression not also poor elderly group but non-poor elderlys'. According to Multi-group analysis, Latent means analysis where non-poor elderly are used as the reference group, poor elderly group showed higher latent mean values on the problemdrinking and depression, and lower latent mean values on the self-esteem and life satisfaction. Depression mediated the relationships between problem drinking of elderly and life satisfaction the only in a poor elderly group. The implications and limitations of this study were discussed, and the suggestions for further studies were recommended.