• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.233-240
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• 1998

The main objective of this study was to develop a basic information base on Chinese consumers related to clothing purchases. Previous studies on Chinese consumers were extensively reviewed and in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 middle-level managers at Korean apparel companies which market their merchandises in China. Combined results from the reviews on previous studies and interviews indicated that traditional values, communism and industrialization are the major forces which shape contemporary Chinese consumers. Industrialization, in particular, accompanied by influx of western culture and economic development, has resulted in wide-spread phenomenon of conspicuous consumption. Thus, brand and brand images appeared to be the most important considerations for purchasing imported apparels. In addition, diversity of Chinese consumers and geographical differences were emphasized, which indicated need for market segmentation. Other characteristics including body measurements also provided implications for fashion marketing in China.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.137-161
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• 2017

This paper examines Myanmar's garment industry comparative's competitiveness by selecting Korea and Japan-Myanmar's main target exporting countries for their garment industry-and China and Thailand, the neighboring countries it has continued to have business relationships with since the economic sanctions in selecting the target countries, this study presents a competitive outlook at the Myanmar garment industry's potential for the future by analyzing trade intensity per main garment product. Therefore, Korea should recognize the advantages of Myanmar, compared to other countries with similar competitiveness in the textile industry, and should develop Myanmar textile industry into a future-oriented garment industry through measures such as labor force training, scaling up both industrial relations and safety facilities, and establishing sound labor-management relations.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.175-203
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• 2017

This study examined the casual relationships among SMEs' market orientation, brand orientation, firm capabilities-technology and marketing capabilities, competitive advantage and financial performance in export markets based on the resource-based view. The data were collected from 286 cases of exporting SMEs. The results of path analysis indicated that market orientation of exporting SMEs increased technology and marketing capabilities. Market orientation directly increased both competitive advantage and financial performance in export markets. Brand orientation influenced technological capability and had indirect effects on both competitive advantage and financial performance through the firm capabilities. Based on the results, managerial implications and future research directions for exporting SMEs were provided.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.9_10
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• pp.1442-1452
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• 2007

During 40 years, clothing industry which took a charge of a pivotal role to lead Korea's economy development falls in a harsh state to maintain an international competitiveness by means of low wage-based-export and tech-deficit-past competitive advantage. From January first 2005 when the World Trade Organization started that developed countries abolished import quota on textile and apparel products. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze Korea's apparel international market share, grasp Korea's apparel international competitiveness position, and examine the export features to enhance international competitiveness. We targeted members of Korea Apparel Industry Association among the 500's exporters of textile and clothing items in 'The Import and Export Textile Product 2003' Total 70 sheets were used of final data analyzing. Also, the statistical data of WTO wereselected for inquiry about the position of international competitiveness of clothing products made in Korea. First, the comparative analysis of the amount of export and international market share of each country's clothing products to capture the position of Korea's international competitiveness of clothing industry under the statistical data of WTO showed that Korea's international market share has been decreasing since 1989, and ranked in the 19th showing 1.31% in 2004. Second, as concerned with Korea's clothing export features, the experience of clothing companies in Korea was uniformly distributed like less than 10 to 30 and more than 30 years and knitted and woven male and female wears which cost mid price were exported to U.S.A. and Europe and Japan. Export items wereusually manufactured by Original Equipment Manufacturing way and directly exported through an exclusive responsible part for export.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.462-473
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• 2008

In recent years, Korea's apparel exports to the USA have faced a great threat, as the trade environment around the world has changed continually. The purpose of this study is to analyze the competitive position of Korean apparel exports to the USA, and to enhance export competitiveness by applying to offshore sourcing. The trade data of the Office of Textiles and Apparel(OTEXA) in the U.S. Department of Commerce were selected for inquiry about export competitiveness of apparel products made in Korea. In addition, we targeted members of the Korea Apparel Industry Association among the 500 exporters of clothing items in "The Import and Export Textile Product 2003." A total 70 sheets were analyzed. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Korean apparel exports to USA have decreased by 20-35 percent per year since 2005 under the Free Trade Area, showing that Korean apparel industries have not adapted to the new trade environment. Although Korean apparel exports to USA have indicated a trade surplus from now on, Korean apparel industries should find new ways to overcome this situation, diminishing exports and increasing imports. 2) Korean apparel companies selected more offshore sourcing than domestic sourcing. Also, as Korean apparel companies manufactured apparel products offshore, foreign subcontracting outranked manufacturing in their own foreign plants. When they chose foreign countries to source, they turned mainly to China and Vietnam. Also, they considered the target country's manufacturing price, labor stability, apparel products, quality, lead time, and so on. In order to increase apparel exports, Korean apparel industries should focus more on developing competitively new apparel products, improving the ability of sourcing management, and establishing on-the-spot agencies.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.504-514
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• 2021

This study attempted to extract and structure the job skills required for 3D designers, which have been recently introduced to the fashion industry. The study aimed to materialize and objectify the 3D designer's job, using a focus group interview for the survey. The 3D designer has the TD task of making 3D virtual samples using the pattern files developed in Pattern CAD. Graphic design and fabric digitization are also major tasks for the 3D designer. CLO is mainly used for 3D virtual sample production, and PixPlant, Substance, Photoshop, Cinema 4D, Daz studio, and 3ds MAX are used for image and avatar editing. As per the job skills required for 3D design work, basic knowledge about patterns and sewing, skill in 3D virtual clothing technology, ability to use various software, and English skills were considered important, in that order. In particular, the need for knowledge about patterns and sewing became more important than the skill in 3D virtual clothing technology itself. To train 3D designers, it was found that not only 3D virtual clothing software, but also education on patterns and clothing construction, CAD developer's curriculum certification system, and 3D designer qualification management were required. In addition, 3D designers are recognized as an essential job in fashion vendors, and the demand for domestic brands is increasing. The biggest limitation of the 3D virtual clothing system is the perfection of the digital fabric. Also, technical improvement is needed.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.183-199
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• 2015

This study aimed to systematize the apparel vendor work processes and provide useful information to future employees of clothing export units by analyzing the processes of vendors' manufacturing tasks. A survey of 20 apparel vendors servicing mainly U.S. buyers was conducted on employees of overseas business departments working for more than five years. buyers. Based on the results, vendors mainly manufactured cut-and-sew knit products. Regarding the production method, OEM was used more frequently than ODM. Fourteen (70%) companies used the ODM method. This suggests that vendors are expanding their production method from OEM to ODM. In order to summarize the work of each business based on the clothing production process research results, buyers were in charge of planning products and the vendors were in charge of sampling. Production of materials and the approval of material tests were out sourced. Overseas factories of vendors were in charge of bulk (mass) production and garment finishing, as well as packaging and shipping the completed products. Even though the vendors' head offices do not directly produce clothes, they play a pivotal role in ensuring planning and management progress in clothing production. As buyers prefer direct contracts for cost reduction, the vendor additionally performs the role of an agent. Also, with the increase in ODM production ratio, the work area of the vendor is expanding. If Korean clothing exporters improve their global competitiveness by investing in the R&D of materials and design to enhance the ODM method, the development of Korea's clothing and export industry will benefit significantly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 1985

연구의 목적은 의류생산에 있어서 동양(Oriental women)과 서양여자(Caucasian women: U.S.A)의 인체계측에 의한 치수의 비교를 하였다. 연구자료는 동양여자 100명과 서양여자 970명의 자료로 비교하였다. 동양여자의 인체계측치는 1981년 4월 일본에서 필자에 의해 수집되고 서양여자의 인체계측치는 1976년 11월부터 1977년 2월 미국(U.S.A by the Quartermaster Corps of the United States Army)에서 인체계측을 한 자료이다. 동양과 서양여자의 인체계측치 중에서 각각 32항목을 선출하여 비교된 것은 높이항목과 길이항목(height-related measurements; height and length), 나비항특(surface measurements; breadth and depth) , 둘레항목(measurement of circumference)이다. 32항목을 평균치의 t-test로 동양인과 서양인을 비교한 결과, 모든 항목에서 P<.001 수준에서 유의한 차를 보였다. 그 중에서 머리둘레, 목둘레, 손목둘레, 팔굼치둘레, 손바닥둘레의 항목에서는 동양인이 서양인에 비해서 큰 값을 나타냈다. 그 외에 27개 항목은 동양인이 전부 높거나, 길거나, 또는 큰 값을 나타냈다. 표준편차에서 보이는 바와 같이 서양인자가 동양여자보다 크고, 특히 높이 항목, 길이항목(height-related measurements)이 더 높거나 길다. 이러한 결과로서 동양과 서양여자의 인종적인 측면에서, 다양한 의류생산에 있어서 고려해야 할 것 같다. 이 동양과 서양여자의 인체계측비교에 중요한 요점을 두고 연구한 것은 의류생산과정에 있어서, size설정, 보다 미적인 design, 의복구성을 위한 등등에 고려되겠으나, 특히 미국과 같은 대량생산국에서 동양과의 무역(import or export)에 있어서 중요하게 고려가 될것이며, 나날이 발전하는 우리나라의 의류무역에도 고려되리라 본다. 뒤에 recommendations for future research에서 말한 바와 같이 서양과 한국여자의 입체계측비교를 하며 우리나라의 의류무역(수출)에 도움이 되었으면 한다.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.20 no.1_2
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• pp.231-290
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• 1998

본고에서는 한 국가가 요소부존도의 독특성을 상실함으로써 교역조건의 악화 및 후생손실을 겪을 수 있다는 '헥셔올린 구축가설'을 이론적 토대로 지난 20년간 우리나라 제조업의 구조변화를 분석함으로써 당면하고 있는 구조적인 문제점이 무엇인가를 살펴보려 하였다. 그 결과 그간 중고등교육 노동력의 급속한 양적 팽창에도 불구하고 이러한 요소를 집약적으로 사용하는 부문(전기 전자, 기계 등 일본가 같은 선진국과 경쟁관계에 있는 부문)의 비교우위 획득속도가 매우 더디었을 뿐 아니라, 이 부문의 상대가격이 중장기적으로 하락하여온 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 현상이 요소부존도의 독특성 상실에 기인하는 한 이는 헥셔올린 구축가설과 일맥상통한다고 볼 수 있다. 또한 비숙련산업(섬유 의류 등)은 중국 및 동남아의 등장 이후 비교우위를 급속히 상실하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 이 부문에서 수입물가대비 수출물가가 오히려 지속적으로 상승한 것은 헥셔올린 구축가설이 의미하는 것과는 정반대의 현상이라고 할 수 있겠다. 종합적으로 반숙련 및 숙련(화학 등)산업에서의 상대가격 및 교역조건(수출물가/수입물가) 하락현상이 두드러져 제조업 전체로는 80년대 후반 이후 교역조건 악화현상이 일어났다고 판단된다. 교역조건의 악화현상은 우리가 만든 물건을 값싸게 수출하고 값비싼 물건을 수입하여야 한다는 점에서 후생의 손실을 의미한다. 동태적으로도 반숙련 및 숙련산업에서의 상대가격 및 교역조건 악화는 중등 및 고등교육인력의 상대임금을 하락시켜 인적자본의 축적을 저해하는 방향으로 작용할 것이다. 이러한 현상이 일어난 원인이 본고에서 주장한 바와 같이 요소부존도의 독특성 상실에 있다면 이에 대한 대책은 차별화 및 혁신능력을 보유한 양질의 인력양성과 같은 것이 될 것이다. 그러나 본고가 물적자본이나 기술과 같은 요소들을 고려하지 못한 한 구체적 정책적 함의의 도출에는 보다 신중을 기해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.31-66
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• 2006

The country with a relative abundance of human capital conducts relatively more R&D in the steady state than its partner. This country acquires the know-how to produce a relatively wider range of innovative goods. High technology comprises a large share of the national economy in the human-capital rich country and real output growth is faster. This prediction would seem to accord weakly with empirical observation of Korean economy.