• 재활복지
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.171-188
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of three conditions-words frequency, word length, and animacy-on the performance of naming in nonfluent aphasic patients. 15 nonfluent aphasic patients and 15 normal adults were participated in this study. The words consist only of concrete nouns and confrontational naming test was used. The test consisted of 40 questions and the condition of word were frequency(low-frequency/high-frequency), length(1 syllable/3 syllables) and animacy(animate/inanimate). The result of the study was as follows. First, naming was performed better with high-frequency words than with low-frequency words in both groups. Second, naming was performed better with 1 syllable words than with 3 syllable words in both groups. Third, naming performance depending on animacy did not show significant differences in both groups. These results indicate that compared to animacy of word, word frequency and length have bigger influence on the naming, and the difference by word frequency was more pronounced for nonfluent aphasic patients than for normal adults. The results of this study suggest that target word for the assessment and intervention of nonfluent aphasic patients, words frequency should be considered first in clinical setting.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.658-667
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• 2021

Our study aimed to analyze and reinterpret, by an acoustic approach, the descriptions of the 18th century prosody and introduce the figurative pronunciation system, which is the International Phonetic Alphabet pioneer. Our methodology compares and analyzes grammars and documents on the transcription system and restructures the prosodic structure. It is certain that the 18th century grammarians widely accepted the prosody theories made by Arnauld & Lancelot of the seventeenth century. In particular, grammar scholars accepted the dichotomous classification of the accent structures as prosodic and oratorical accents. The prosodic accent has a relation to intonation, and the oratorical accent has as its key elements intonation and intensity. Regarding the temporal structure, the lengthening of the final syllable was observed systematically by grammarians of the 18th century. This time structure is similar to that of today. Therefore, we can conclude that the final elongation, an essential characteristic of the modern French accent, has already played an imbued role in 18th century prosody. Despite this, the 18th century grammarians did not assign it the status of accent, as it was a stereotype that matches accent with intonation.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.651-660
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• 2019

The present study aims to find out the necessary speech sound level which can satisfy with the speech intelligibility in a noisy classroom environments. For this, auralized materials were made to undertake listening tests with 27 people. Speech intelligibility tests were carried out using both Consonant-Vowel-Consonant (CVC) and Phonetically Balanced Words (PBW) methods. Signal to noise ratio was changed by 5 dB for each test. As a result, it was found that speech intelligibilities are increasing with larger Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). It was also found that there is a lot of difference of speech intelligibilities by SNR for syllables (CVC) with the Reverberation Time (RT) of 1.5 s. However, any significant difference was not found for words (PBW) in the case with RTs of below 0.8 s. Also, it was revealed through the 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test that SNR is the only attentive factor which can affect the Korean speech intelligibilities for both PBW and CVC methods. Therefore, RTs below 0.8 s could be the acoustic criteria for classroom which can minimize the effects of noise. In the case with RTs larger than 0.8 s, much larger SNR is needed to give sufficient speech intelligibility.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.129-132
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 단어열 패턴과 리커런트 신경망을 이용한 하이브리드 음성 인식 오류 수정 방법을 제안한다. 음성 인식 결과 문장에서 음성 인식 오류 단어가 발견되었을 경우에 첫째로 단어열 패턴과 그 패턴의 발음열 점수를 통해 1차적 수정을 하고 적절한 패턴을 찾지 못하였을 경우 음절단위로 구성된 Recurrent Neural Network를 통해 단어를 음절단위로 생성하여 2차적으로 오류를 수정한다. 해당 방법론을 한국어로 된 음성 인식 오류와 그 정답 문장으로 구성된 TV 가이드 영역 말뭉치를 바탕으로 성능을 평가하였고, 기존의 단순 단어열 패턴 기반의 음성 인식 오류 수정보다 성능이 향상되었음을 볼 수 있었다. 이 방법론은 음성 인식 오류와 정답의 말뭉치가 필요 없이 옳은 문장으로만 구성된 일반 말뭉치만으로 훈련이 가능하여, 음성 인식 엔진에 의존적이지 않는 강점이 있다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1324-1335
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• 1991

In this paper, a phoneme separation and an establishment of discriminative pattern of Korean phonemes are studied on experiment. The separation uses parameters such as pitch extraction, glottal peak pulse width of each pitch. speech duration. envelope and amplitude bias. The first pitch is extracted by deviations of glottal peak and width. energy and normalization on a bias on the top of vowel envelope. And then, it traces adjacent pitch to vowel in whole. On vewel, amethod to be reduced gliding pattern and the possible of vowel distinction to be used just second formant are proposed, and shrinking pitch waveform has nothing to do with pitch length is estimated. A pattern of envelope, spectrum, shrinking waveform, and a method of analysis by mutual relation among phonemes and manners of articulation on consonant are detected. As experimental results, 90% on vowel phoneme, 80% and 60% on initial and final consonant are discriminated.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.61-78
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• 1991

This paper descibes the study of application of a modified Neocognitron model with backward path for the recognition of Hangul(Korean) syllabic characters. In this original report, Fukushima demonstrated that Neocognitron can recognize hand written numerical characters of $19{\times}19$ size. This version accepts $61{\times}61$ images of handwritten Hangul syllabic characters or a part thereof with a mouse or with a scanner. It consists of an input layer and 3 pairs of Uc layers. The last Uc layer of this version, recognition layer, consists of 24 planes of $5{\times}5$ cells which tell us the identity of a grapheme receiving attention at one time and its relative position in the input layer respectively. It has been trained 10 simple vowel graphemes and 14 simple consonant graphemes and their spatial features. Some patterns which are not easily trained have been trained more extrensively. The trained nerwork which can classify indivisual graphemes with possible deformation, noise, size variance, transformation or retation wre then used to recongnize Korean syllabic characters using its selective attention mechanism for image segmentation task within a syllabic characters. On initial sample tests on input characters our model could recognize correctly up to 79%of the various test patterns of handwritten Korean syllabic charactes. The results of this study indeed show Neocognitron as a powerful model to reconginze deformed handwritten charavters with big size characters set via segmenting its input images as recognizable parts. The same approach may be applied to the recogition of chinese characters, which are much complex both in its structures and its graphemes. But processing time appears to be the bottleneck before it can be implemented. Special hardware such as neural chip appear to be an essestial prerquisite for the practical use of the model. Further work is required before enabling the model to recognize Korean syllabic characters consisting of complex vowels and complex consonants. Correct recognition of the neighboring area between two simple graphemes would become more critical for this task.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.871-879
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• 2010

In this paper, we present a system that classifies comments on a news article into a user opinion called a polarity (positive or negative). The system is a kind of document classification system for comments and is based on machine learning techniques like support vector machine. Unlike normal documents, comments have their body that can influence classifying their opinions as polarities. In this paper, we propose a feature weighting scheme using such characteristics of comments and several resources for opinion classification. Through our experiments, the weighting scheme have turned out to be useful for opinion classification in comments on Korean news articles. Also Korean character n-grams (bigram or trigram) have been revealed to be helpful for opinion classification in comments including lots of Internet words or typos. In the future, we will apply this scheme to opinion analysis of comments of product reviews as well as news articles.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.333-336
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• 1999

본 연구의 목적은 한국어 마찰음 /ㅅ, ㅆ/가 지속시간에 있어서 유의미한 차이를 가지고 있는가를 관찰하고, 나아가 지속시간에 영향을 미치는 요인에 어떠한 것이 있는가를 기술하는 데에 있다. 이러한 결과는 음성합성을 위한 기초자료로 이용될 수 있을 것이다. 분석 결과, /ㅅ/보다 /ㅆ/가 더 긴 지속시간을 가졌으며 마찰음을 선행하는 음소의 성질, 단어에서 마찰음이 가지는 음절 위치, 그리고 마찰음 앞에서 끊어읽기가 이루어졌는가의 여부가 지속시간에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 작용하였다.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.09a
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• pp.167-170
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• 2000

일반적인 한국어 대용량 어휘인식에 사용되는 triphone 모델은 한국어의 특성을 잘 표현한다는 장점이 있으나 인식시간이 길어지게 된다. 이러한 triphone 모델의 단점을 극복하기 위해 음절단위 HMM 모델을 사용하는 방법이 있는데 이 모델은 인식시간을 줄일 수 있으나 triphone 모델에 비해서 인식률이 낮다. 본 논문에서는 음성 인식시간을 단축시키고 조음현상을 고려하기 위하여 초성과 종성 자음은 각각의 biphones으로 나타내고 중성 모음은 1개의 monophone으로 나타내는 모델을 제안하였다. PBW445 음성 데이터베이스에 대한 실험결과, 제안한 인식모델이 triphone 모델에 가까운 인식률을 나타내었으며, 인식시간을 크게 단축하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.52-57
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• 2003

문장 안에서 새로운 정보를 닫고 있는 초점이 실제 말소리에서 드러나는 특징을 연구하였다. 초점과 초점 주변의 초분절소(suprasegmental, 강세, 길이, 성조)를 분석한 결과, 초점 보다 초점 앞의 강세구 길이가 크게 늘어나는 것을 관찰하였는데, 이때 강세구 전체 길이 보다 마지막 음절의 길이가 두드러지게 길게 발음되었다. 또한, 초점 앞에서 문장 단위의 끊어 읽기가 나타나는 것을 발견하였다. 인구어와는 달리 초점에 강세를 동반한다는 특징을 찾아볼 수는 없었다.