• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.108-126
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• 1993

The functions of polyoxyethylene tocopheryl ethers [POE(n)TEs] in emulsion, solubilization and gel were studied. For emulsification of liquid paraffin, POE(10)TE showed better emulsifying effect in O/W emulsions than others tested. The effects of oil and polyol content on the formulation of W/O and O/W emulsions were also studied. In O/W emulsion, the viscosity was increased by increasing the liquid paraffin content, at about 70%, and slightly increased by increasing the propylene glycol content, However, in W/O emulsion, the viscosity was decreased by increasing the oil content, and also decreased by increasing the propylene glycol content, For solubilization of perfume oil, POE(18)TE showed better solubilizing effect than the others tested. The gelling effect of POE(n)TEs increased with ethylene oxide chain length up to 50 moles. The gelling property was evaluated for hardness and viscosity.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.82-89
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• 1998

Partial hydrolyzing condition for low-molecularized alginate and rheological properties such as viscosity, solubility, emulsitying ability, oil absorption capacity, bile acids binding and metal ion binding of the low-molecularized alginates from the sea mustard ( Undaria pinnatifida) and giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) were investigated. Alginate from sea mustard was regularly hydrolyzed with the increase of HCl concentration in the range of 0.2 N to 0.5 N and with the prolonged reaction time at $100^{\circ}C$. The molecular weight of alginate was decreased to a part of 100 after hydrolysis for 50 min with 0.3 N HCl. The ratio of mannuronate to guluronate was increased with the acid hydrolysis and total yield was estimated to be $75\%\~80\%$. Low-molecularization of alginate was featured in the apparent decrease of viscosity, whereas solubility, emulsifying ability, and bile acids binding ability were increased with the low-molecularization. Oil absorption capacity of the acid$\cdot$alkali soluble alginate was slightly higher than that of the water soluble alginate. Metal ion binding capacity was the highest in acid$\cdot$alkali soluble alginate, and decreased with the low-molecularization.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.679-688
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• 2000

Dispersants, which are used to break water-in-oil emulsions and to remediate oil-spills, are another water pollutants. In this study, magnetic separation technology was applied to remove dispersants from the sea. Magnetite and maghemite were used as magnetic sorbents and SDDBS, an anionic surfactant and Triton X-100, a nonionic surfactant, were employed as dispersants. Batch experiments were undertaken to study the sorption capacity and sorption equilibrium, and water-bath experiments were conducted to simulate the real situation and to describe the recovery of magnetic particles by the permanent magnet or electromagnet. Maghemite has rather constant removal efficiency for dispersants, regardless of surfactant species. On the other hand, removal efficiency by magnetite is higher for anionic surfactant than maghemite and is higher in distilled water than in seawater which contains more ions. The sorption of dispersants to magnetite is explained by electrostatic attraction and that of maghemite is described not only by electrostatic attraction, but also by structural characteristics that provide high sorption ability and surface condition. Water bath experimental results showed that recovery efficiency of magnetic particle after sorption for dispersants is nearly 100%. It is suggested that this magnetic separation technology is an effective way of dispersant removal because of short operating time, high sorption capacity, and high recovery efficiency of sorbents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.136-137
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• 2014

In this study, fundamental performances of high strength concrete with ERCO has been analysed according to mock-up test. The following results could be made as the conclusion. For the fresh concrete, flowability and air content decreased with the addition of ERCO, and all the specimens satisfied the target range. For the strength properties, all the specimens with different nominal strength showed higher compressive srength than Plain which with 0% dosage of ERCO.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.134-135
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• 2014

In this study, mock-up test for high strength concrete with ERCO has been carried to analyse the effect of autogenous shrinkage reducing of using ERCO. The following results could be made as the conclusion. Results of EIS were lower than 2.5 and showed good resistance for separation of materials. For the setting time, specimen with ERCO showed delay of setting comparing with Plain. For the autogenous shrinkage, as the generation of saponification, capillary pores inside the concrete were filled by soap and the autogenous shrinkage has been obviously decreased. It could be identified that using ERCO in high strength showed good effect on reducing autogenous shrinkage in high strength concrete.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.504-514
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the emulsifying properties of concentrated red ginseng extract (CRGE). First, we determined the interfacial tension of CRGE at the oil-water interface. Second, oil-in-water emulsions were prepared with CRGE and then their physicochemical properties such as fat globule size, zeta-potential, dispersion stability, and microscopic characteristics were determined. It was found that interfacial tension gradually decreased with increasing CRGE concentration, indicative of some surface activity. In emulsions, fat globule size was decreased as CRGE concentration increased, showing a critical value ($d_{43}$ ≒ $0.39{\mu}m$) at ${\geq}3.5wt%$ of CRGE. In addition, pH and NaCl also influenced on fat globule sizes; they were increased in acidic conditions ($pH{\leq}3$) or in higher NaCl concentration (${\geq}0.4M$) and these results were interpreted in view of the change in zeta potentials. The dispersion stability by separation analyzer ($LUMiFuge^{(R)}$) showed that it was more stable in emulsions with higher CRGE concentration (i.e., ${\geq}3.5wt%$). In conclusion, CRGE was surface-active and it could be used as an emulsifier in preparation of food emulsions.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.745-751
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• 2002

Several bacterial strains producing biosurfactants were isolated from polluted marine and soil by oil. One of the strains named LSC11 showed strong production activity of biosurfactants. This strain was identified as a Bacillus sp. LSC11 based on the morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics. The biosurfactant, produced by the strain, emulsified crude oil, vegetable oil, and hydrocarbons. The surface tension of the culture broth of Bacillus sp. LSC11 decreased to 32 mN/m. The crude biosurfactant was obtained from the culture broth by acid precipitation, freeze drying, solvent extraction, and evaporation. The emulsifying activity of the biosurfactant showed better than the chemically synthesized surfactant (SDS, Span40, Span 85). The biosurfactants had strong properties as an emulsifying agent and as an emulsion-stabilizing agent.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.988-991
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• 1998

Plasma proteins were obtained from bloods of slaughtered bovine and porcine and analyzed by Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC). Serum albumin content decreased in the following order: Porcine Plasma Protein (PPP)> Bovine Plasma Protein (BPP)> Whey Protein Concentrate (WPC). Protein contents of BPP, PPP, and WPC determined by Kjeldahl method were 85.79%, 82.30%, and 84.38%, respectively. Compared to WPC, plasma proteins had higher emulsifying activity index (EAI) below 2% protein concentration and slightly lower EAI above 4% protein concentration. Plasma proteins had higher EAI in the acidic pH range and more dependence on NaCl than WPC. Also, EAI of plasma proteins with NaCl was higher in the acidic range than that of WPC. These results indicated that plasma protein can be utilized as a raw material for emulsifier.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.834-839
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• 2004

To improve and oil degrading activity, the lipase gene from Pseudomonase sp. was transformed into Klebsiella sp. KCL-l, an oil degrading bacterium. The selected trasformant was named as a KCL-1/pET-Lip. The surface tension of culture broth of KCL-1/pET-Lip was decreased to 33 dyne/cm from 55 dyne/cm using 4% (v/v) soybean oil as sole carbon source. The surface tension were 44 and 37.5 dyne/cm, to 2% (w/v) glucose and 4% (v/v) kerosene medium, respectively. The emulsification activity of the biosurfactant solution containing lipase of KCL-l/pET-Lip improved better than wild type KCL-l. The soybean oil was most efficient carbon source and substrate for surface activity and emulsification activity of KCL-1/pET-Lip. The expression of lipase was confirmed by SDS-PAGE.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1432-1437
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• 2009

The aim of this study is to investigate cane molasses pretreatments for the production of cellulose by Acetobacter sp. V6, which has excellent bacterial cellulose (BC) producing capacity in the shaking culture. Among pretreatments of cane molasses, 1% (w/v) tricalcium phosphate (TP) treatment was more efficient in BC production. The physico-chemical properties of BCs that were produced in static and shaking cultures were also investigated. Although BC had an emulsifying ability, its emulsion stability was low. Water holding capacity (WHC) of BC was high; the WHC of BC produced in static culture was 14 times higher than that of $\alpha$-cellulose. In addition, the viscosity of BC was higher than that of $\alpha$-cellulose. Composition analysis by FT-IR showed no difference in composition between BC and plant cellulose. In the crystallinity analysis by XRD, all BC samples showed crystallinity. All BC samples showed reticulated structures consisting of ultrafine cellulose fibriles. Microfibriles of cellulose from static culture were especially more compact than those of cellulose from shaking culture.