• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.336-344
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• 2010

To assess population structure and genetic diversity among the Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), we investigated mtDNA COI gene sequences of 7 populations. Samples were obtained from Sokcho, Wolsung, Geojedo, Yeosu, Geomundo and Westsouth in 2008 and 2009 (n=28). The sequence analysis of 28 individual samples showed 8 haplotypes, ranging in sequence divergence by pairwise comparisons from 0.2 to 2.2% (1 bp-11 bp). The Gal haplotype was found in Wolsung, Geojedo, Yeosu, Geomundo and Westsouth, and was regarded as the main haplotype of Korean Pacific cod. Ga2, Ga3, Ga6 and Ga7 haplotypes were found only in Sokcho. In the PHYLIP analysis, 8 haplotypes formed two independent groups: cladeA consisted of Ga2, Ga3, Ga6 and Ga7 haplotypes, whereas cladeB contained Gal, Ga4, Ga5 and Ga8 haplotypes. The genetic relationship between the two groups was weakly supported by bootstrap analysis(<50%). In pairwise comparisons between 6 populations other than that from Sokcho, a very high per generation migration ratio ($N_m$=infinite) and a very low level of geographic distance ($F_{sr}=-0.0123-(-0.0423)$) were observed. The estimates of genetic distance between Sokcho and the other localities were all statistically significant (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001), indicating a limited mtDNA-based gene flow between Sokcho and other regions. The finding of the lowest genetic diversity in the Sokcho population (nucleotide diversity=0.00589) may be a result of relatively small population size and interrupted gene flow to other localities. Consequently, the overall considerable migration of Pacific cod population in Korea caused a genetically homogeneous structure to form, although a distinct population was found in this study.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.221-226
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• 2009

Six microsatellite DNA markers were used to investigate the genetic variability between wild populations and cultured stocks of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. The average of observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.722 to 0.959, and from 0.735 to 0.937, respectively. There was no distinguishable difference between the wild populations and cultured stocks in terms of the observed and expected heterozygosities. However, number of alleles per locus differed markedly between the two fish groups: 19.7 to 21.8 for the wild populations and 12.0 to 14.7 for the cultured stocks. This result gives important information concerning the production of seedling for the improvement of genetic diversity in this species.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.337-343
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• 2013

The aims of this study were to compare genetic distances among 14 Phalaenopsis varieties using simple sequence repeat (SSR) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) marker systems and to determine the discrimination using SSR. A total of 111 SSR primers and 30 SRAP combinations were initially screened. Twelve SSR primers and thirty SRAP combinations showed high polymorphism among the 14 Phalaenopsis varieties including domestic breeding varieties, conserved in National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science (NIHHS). The amplified DNA fragments were separated by denaturing acrylamide gels and detected by silver staining method. A total of 474 polymorphic bands, including 55 by SSRs and 419 by SRAPs, were identified and used for genetic diversity analysis. Polymorphic bands were scored for calculating a simple matching coefficient of genetic similarity and cluster analysis with multi-variate statistical package (MVSP) 3.1. Fourteen Phalaenopsis varieties were classified into three major groups at similarity coefficient value of 0.683 and 0.66 using SRAP and SSR, respectively. Also we could discriminate these domestic breeding Palaenopsis varieties using only SSR 20 and SSR 22. The results indicate that SSR analysis is effective for discrimination among Phalaenopsis varieties and SRAP is useful for genetic diversity when there is no sequence information. These studied SSR and SRAP markers will be useful tools for genotype identification, germplasm conservation and genetic relationship study in Phalaenopsis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.215-221
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• 2012

Five Korean Calanthe species, C. discolor, C. bicolor, C. sieboldii, C. reflexa, and C. aristulifera, were studied using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) to assess their taxonomic and genetic relationships. Sixteen accessions belonging to five native Calanthe spp. and mutants with yellow tepal and white lip (YW mutants) were studied. We identified 50 putative markers using AFLP analysis. The results of AMOVA showed that genetic variance was higher between species than within species. Genetic dissimilarity when compared with the rest of the species was the lowest for individuals of the YW mutants and the highest for individuals of C. reflexa. The mutants clustered outside the major group. Calanthe bicolor clustered with C. discolor, suggesting that its genetic composition is closer to that of C. discolor. Though it is suggested to have originated as a result of natural hybridization between C. sieboldii and C. discolor, introgression is likely to have occurred in the direction of C. discolor based on the data of molecular marker, clustering and genetic dissimilarity. Calanthe reflexa and C. aristulifera were genetically the most diverse of the species studied. In conclusion, the results showed that there is genetic diversity in Korean Calanthe species, that C. bicolor introgressed in the direction of C. discolor and that the YW mutants are genetically closer to C. sieboldii.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.4
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• pp.519-527
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• 2014

Deutzia paniculata is an endemic species, which is geographically restricted within southern part of Korea. Four populations of D. paniculata were sampled across its natural range, from the smallest population, Mt. Dalum, which held less than 100 individuals, to the largest, Mt. Unmum, over 3,500 individuals. Artificial pollination study showed that D. paniculata had an obligate outcross breeding system. Major pollinators were two bee species, Lasioglossum exiliceps and Allograpta balteata (de Geer). The breeding system and patterns of allozyme variation of D. paniculata were investigated to understand the population biology and to explain on reserve designs and management proposals relevant to this species. D. paniculata held relatively low genetic variation at the eight allozyme loci surveyed. Measures of genetic variation in this species alleles per locus ($A_s=1.33$), proportion of polymorphic loci (P=23.85%), and expected heterozygosity ($H_{es}=0.110$) were similar to values reported for endemic species. Mt. Dalum population (DAL) was composed with one clone based on allozyme data. Individuals of D. paniculata were frequently included in root connected clusters. Population genetic structure between and within four populations was probably the result of shrinking effective population size and the extinctions of intervening populations. For the conservation of genetic diversity, maximum number of different genotype need to be protected based on genetic structure and mating system.

• Korean Journal of Ornithology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.117-125
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• 2018

The Grey-capped greenfinch (Chloris sinica) is a polytypic species that exhibits complicated geographical variation in morphology. This study provides an intraspecific phylogeographic variability of C. sinica populations in Korea with their morphometric data. The observed morphometric variations were that Ulleung island population was morphologically distinct in bill length and depths as compared to the mainland populations. Phylogenetic relationships among mitochondrial COX1 regions provided evidence for genetic differentiation between Ulleung and mainland populations. However, their genetic distances and nucleotide diversities were very low, highlighting their recent divergence. The needs for additional research is heightened to substantiate if the genetic clines in different localities may arise in C. sinica subspecies, each of which could have different breeding and wintering habitats, distribution patterns, and migration pathways.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1003-1013
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• 2010

Fifty-nine accessions of 23 species in genus Rosa were collected, and 15 accessions of Rosa rugosa were collected throughout 10 regions of Korea. Their genetic relationship was investigated by using morphological analysis and RAPD marker. The morphological analysis was measured for 7 quantitative and quantified for 4 qualitative traits. RAPD analysis obtained a total of 959 polymorphic bands by using twenty primers. Morphological analysis classified most according to the rose section system except for several species. The cluster analysis of genus Rosa based on RAPD data could identify the subgenus $Platyrhodon$ and $Eurosa$. The subgenus $Eurosa$ separated five sections; $Gallicanae$, $Cinnamomeae$, $Pimpinellifoliae$, $Synstylae$ and $Caninae$. Correlation analysis between morphological and RAPD analysis showed low significance ($r$ = 0.35). The accessions of R. rugosa belonged to the section $Cinnamomeae$ clustered into three groups at genetic distance ranging from 0.28 on the base of RAPD analysis. In conclusion, the genetic relationship of the genus Rosa was consistent to the previously reported rose section system, and domestic collections of $R.$ $rugosa$ were separated from 3 groups on the base of RAPD marker.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.102-108
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity and genetic taxonomic relationships between Korean native black goat (KNBG) populations and crossbred goats. The 45,658 common single nucleotide polymorphisms present in the KNBG strain and crossbred goat were used for the analysis. The expected and observed heterozygosity (which can be indicators of genetic diversity) were in the order of crossbred, Gyeongsang National University, Jangsu, then the Tongyeong strains. The variance component represents the degree of genetic diversity between groups. The highest variance (19.98 %) was between the Dangjin and Gyeongsang National University strains. The lowest variance (8.87 %) was between the Jangsu and Tongyeong strains. In addition, the genetic distance between the populations showed that Jangsu and Tongyeong formed one branch (they were very similar genetically). The Dangjin and the Gyeongsang National University strains appeared to form a second branch. Furthermore, the crossbred formed one branch with the Dangjin and the Gyeongsang National University strains. Therefore, the results of this study can be used as basic data to reduce unnecessary inbreeding and genetic resource flow between the KNBG populations. The basic data indicates the uniqueness of the genetic resources of the domestic lineage. These findings provide a basis for differentiating KNBG and Crossbred goats to use to improve the desirable characteristics of this species.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.360-367
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• 2010

The genetic diversity and structure of P. tongkangensis in 5 populations from 3 regions was investigated using 56 markers derived from 6 ISSR primers. Genetic diversity at the species level (P=94.6, SI=0.377, h=0.240) was substantial considering the limited distribution and small size of populations. Genetic differentiation among regions (12%) and among populations (13%) in the region was not clearly evident, which suggested a moderate level of gene flow among adjacent populations. The Mantel test revealed a significant correlation between genetic differentiation (${\Phi}_{ST}$) and geographic distance among populations. This was supported by cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). The significant difference in marker band frequency at many loci and their fixation in opposite directions in the smallest and most isolated population SC were considered due to genetic drift. Therefore, the genetic diversity of P. tongkangensis could be compromised if the distribution area or the size of the population was further reduced. In particular, small and isolated populations could be at great risk of extinction. Considering this, the unique habitats of P. tongkangensis should be protected and the reduction of population size should be closely monitored. Conservation efforts including the seeding and planting of seedlings should be done carefully based on their genetic and ecological traits. Our data support the argument that establishing an integrated management system for the efficient conservation of P. tongkangensis is critical.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1088-1095
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• 2013

The swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus, inhabits seafloor habitats containing sand or pebbles and is widely distributed throughout the world. The present study investigated genetic polymorphisms of 10 microsatellites in 281 samples of P. trituberculatus collected from four locations along the coastal water of the Korean side of the Yellow Sea (Yeonggwang, Taean, Sorea, and Yeonpyeong-do Island). The number of alleles per locus ranged from 50 to 129, with a mean of 69.5. The observed and expected hetrozygosity varied from 0.111 to 1.000 and from 0.609 to 0.979, respectively. The inbreeding coefficients (Fis) varied among the loci from -0.0207 to 0.8175. The genetic differentiation (Fst) was less than 0.05 (range 0.0020-0.0124). Therefore, the four groups of P. trituberculatus appeared to exhibit little genetic differentiation. The lack of differentiation was confirmed in a phylogenetic tree constructed by the unweighted pair group method with the arithmetic average (UPGMA). The hypervariation between the populations and the lack of genetic differentiation may reflect active gene flow among the Yellow Sea populations and the absence of geographical boundaries. The highly polymorphic microsatellite loci will be useful for molecular and phylogenetic studies, as well as stock management, of swimming crab, which is an important fishery resource.