• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.370-375
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• 2016

Two xylanase genes were cloned into Escherichia coli from Bacillus sp. YB-1401 and B. amyloliquefaciens YB-1402, which had been isolated as mannanase producer from home-made doenjang, respectively, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. Both xylanase genes consisted of 642 nucleotides, encoding polypeptides of 213 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequences of the YB-1401 and YB-1402 xylanase, designated Xyn1401 and Xyn1402, differed from each other by single amino acid residue, Asn for Xyn1401 and Lys for Xyn1402, corresponding to amino acid position of 127. Their amino acid sequences were highly homologous to those of xylanases belonging to the glycosyl hydrolase family 11. The 28 amino acid stretch in the N-terminus of both enzymes was predicted as signal peptide by SignalP4.1 server. Both xylanases were localized at the level of 91−94% in culture filtrate of the recombinant E. coli cells, suggesting they were secreted efficiently in E. coli cells. The optimal reaction conditions were 50℃ and pH 6.0 for Xyn1401, and 55℃ and pH 6.5 for Xyn1402, respectively, indicating one amino acid difference from each other affected pH and temperature profiles of their activities. In addition, their thermostabilities were somewhat different from each other.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2010

The optimal design of water distribution system have started with the least cost design of single objective function using fixed hydraulic variables, eg. fixed water demand and pipe roughness. However, more adequate design is accomplished with considering uncertainties laid on water distribution system such as uncertain future water demands, resulting in successful estimation of real network's behaviors. So, many researchers have suggested a variety of approaches to consider uncertainties in water distribution system using uncertainties quantification methods and the optimal design of multi-objective function is also studied. This paper suggests the new approach of a multi-objective optimization seeking the minimum cost and maximum robustness of the network based on two uncertain variables, nodal demands and pipe roughness uncertainties. Total design procedure consists of two folds: least cost design and final optimal design under uncertainties. The uncertainties of demands and roughness are considered with Latin Hypercube sampling technique with beta probability density functions and multi-objective genetic algorithms (MOGA) is used for the optimization process. The suggested approach is tested in a case study of real network named the New York Tunnels and the applicability of new approach is checked. As the computation time passes, we can check that initial populations, one solution of solutions of multi-objective genetic algorithm, spread to lower right section on the solution space and yield Pareto Optimum solutions building Pareto Front.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 1999

The litter size has been the primary interest of economic traits in pig reproduction. It has been recently shown that insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ) plays roles in establishing pregnancy and in supporting fetal growth and development. But, the effect of serum IGF-Ⅰ on litter size has not been studied. Therefore, this study was conducted to relate serum IGF-Ⅰ concentration with porcine litter size and to investigate the possible connection with estrogen receptor(ER) as a candidate gene for the litter size. Sera during day 45 to 105 of pregnancy were collected from two groups showing high and low litter size and serum IGF-Ⅰ concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). IGF-Ⅰ levels in both groups decreased gradually as pregnancy stage proceeded but were not significantly different. Secondly, DNA was extracted from blood and PCR-RFLP was utilized to analyze ER genotypes of pigs in each group, which produced three polymorphic patterns. Based on the ER genotypes analyzed, low litter size group showed higher IGF-Ⅰ concentration than high litter size group. Taken together, the results indicate that the serum IGF system was correlated with steroid system but not with the litter size in pigs. Thus, this study implies that porcine litter size could be determined locally at the ovary level.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.513-518
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• 2014

It has become possible for small scale laboratories to interpret large scale genomic DNA, thanks to the reduction of the sequencing cost by the development of next generation sequencing (NGS). De novo assembly is a method which creates a putative original sequence by reconstructing reads without using a reference sequence. There have been various study results on de novo assembly, however, it is still difficult to get the desired results even by using the same assembly procedures and the analysis tools which were suggested in the studies reported. This is mainly because there are no specific guidelines for the assembly procedures or know-hows for the use of such analysis tools. In this study, to resolve these problems, we introduce steps to finding whole genome of an unknown DNA via NGS technology and de novo assembly, while providing the pros and cons of the various analysis tools used in each step. We used 350Mbp of Toxocara canis DNA as an application case for the detailed explanations of each stated step. We also extend our works for prediction of protein-coding genes and their functions from the draft genome sequence by comparing its homology with reference sequences of other nematodes.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.107-115
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• 2014

Vegetable oils (triacylglycerols) produced mainly in seeds of plants are used for valuable foods that supply essential fatty acids for humans as well as industrial raw materials and biofuel production. As the demanding for vegetable oils has increased, plant metabolic engineering to produce triacylglycerols in biomass such as leaves has been considered and explored for alternative source of vegetable oils. Leaves are genetically programmed to supply the fixed carbon by photosynthesis to other organs for plant development and growth. Therefore, in order to produce and accumulate triacylglycerols in leaves, one should take account of multiple metabolic pathways such as carbon flux, competition of carbohydrate and fatty acid biosynthesis, and triacylglycerols turnover in leaves. The recent metabolic engineering strategy has showed potential in which the co-expression of three genes WRINKLED1, DGAT1, and OLEOSIN involved in the critical step for increasing the fatty acid synthesis, accumulating triacylglycerols, and protecting triacylglycerols, respectively produced higher amount of vegetable oils in leaves. Developing of genetically engineered plants producing vegetable oil in biomass at non-agricultural lands will be promising to the future success of the field.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.12B no.3 s.99
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• pp.349-356
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• 2005

Artificial Organism-used application areas are expanding at a break-neck speed with a view to getting things done in a dynamic and Informal environment. A use of general programming or traditional hi methods as the representation of Artificial Organism behavior knowledge in these areas can cause problems related to frequent modifications and bad response in an unpredictable situation. Strategies aimed at solving these problems in a machine-learning fashion includes Genetic Programming and Evolving Neural Networks. But the learning method of Artificial-Organism is not good yet, and can't represent life in the environment. With this in mind, this research is designed to come up with a new behavior evolution model. The model represents behavior knowledge with Classification Rules and Enhanced Backpropation Neural Networks and discriminate the denomination. To evaluate the model, the researcher applied it to problems with the competition of Artificial-Organism in the Simulator and compared with other system. The survey shows that the model prevails in terms of the speed and Qualify of learning. The model is characterized by the simultaneous learning of classification rules and neural networks represented on chromosomes with the help of Genetic Algorithm and the consolidation of learning ability caused by the hybrid processing of the classification rules and Enhanced Backpropagation Neural Network.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2015

To assess the dormancy associated weedy risk of the F1 hybrid generated by hybridization between Brassica juncea (maternal) and Brassica napus (paternal), seed germination, dormancy and longevity were examined sequentially after seed harvest. The F1 hybrids exhibited the intermediate characteristics of their parents in seed germination and dormancy with relatively high dormancy rate of 41.1%. In summer, F1 hybrid seeds buried in the 3 cm soil exhibited greater viability (52.4%) than those in the soil surface with greater seed longevity (74.6%) than its maternal (63.3%) and paternal (33.7%) parents at 100 days of over-summering in soil. In winter, F1 seeds buried in the soil surface were more viable than those in the 3 cm soil with greater seed longevity (83.5%) than its maternal (39.0%) and paternal (71.7%) parents at 100 days of over-wintering in soil. Therefore, it is concluded that F1 hybrid resulted from gene flow from OSR to mustard has high seed dormancy and longevity during summer and winter, suggesting its weedy risk potential. Further studies are required to examine the reproductivity and fitness cost of F1 hybrid to make a clearer conclusion of its weedy risk.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.195-199
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• 2014

The X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a peroxisomal disease by defects of ABCD1 gene on chromosome Xq28 leading to accumulation of saturated very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA), progressive demyelination and adrenal insufficiency. A 4-year-old boy was visited hospital with the chief compliant of hyperpigmentation beginning at 2-years old. Serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol concentration were compatible with adrenal insufficiency. The elevated plasmatic concentration of VLCFA and genotype analysis with sequencing of ABCD1 gene established the diagnosis of X-ALD. Brain MRI showed no abnormal high signal intensity on the white matter. Steroid replacement was started with good response. He initiated Lorenzo's oil with restriction of VLCFA by reducing the intake of fatty foods. The author highlight the importance of suspecting of X-ALD in the etiology of primary adrenal insufficiency as the first sign of the disease.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.508-514
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• 2013

2Department of Marine Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University Recently, we reported that diarylheptanoid hirsutenone (HST) effectively inactivated T lymphocytes. However, it has not been evaluated whether HST is involved in calcineurin or calmodulin inactivation. In the present study, cells were treated with T-cell inhibitors with or without HST. Our results revealed that HST successfully inhibited expression of T-helper type I (Th1) and Th2 cytokines. Co-treatment with HST and nuclear factor-activated T cell (NFAT) activation inhibitor III (INCA-6) showed a more sensitive effect than that with other inhibitors, suggesting that HST contributes to inhibition of dephosphorylation of NFAT in the cytosol. HST up-regulated cell cycle arrest genes and inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. These effects were confirmed in an NFAT electrophoretic-mobility shift assay via successful inhibition of NFAT translocation and in the histological recovery in a 2,4-dinitrochloro benzene-induced in vivo model. Taken together, HST was shown to effectively inhibit T-cell activation via inhibition of cytosolic NFAT dephosphorylation, similar to INCA-6.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.127-133
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• 2020

Chibby family member 2 (CBY2), also known as SPERT or NURIT, is a gene with Chibby-like super family domain, whose function is not well known. In this study, the quail CBY2 gene was cloned, its sequences were analyzed, and its role in the myogenesis of QM7 quail muscle cells was characterized. Quail CBY2 has 978 nucleotides, which are translated into 325 amino acids, and the amino acid sequences are highly similar to those of chicken CBY2. Avian CBY2 diverted from mammalian CBY2 during early evolutionary history. According to the protein domain prediction analysis, quail CBY2 has a Chibby-like superfamily domain consisting of 83 amino acids at the N-terminal of the protein, although compared to mammalian CBY2, many of the amino acids were different. CBY2 was highly expressed in the adipose tissue and moderately expressed in the liver, heart, and kidney, whereas rarely expressed in the muscle tissue in quail. To characterize the role of CBY2 in myogenesis, CBY2 was overexpressed in QM7 cells. The overexpression of CBY2 inhibited myotube formation as shown that the myotube area was approximately only 25% that of the control. Taken together, quail CBY2 has a Chibby-like superfamily domain and inhibits myogenesis. Further studies should focus on the identification of the inhibitory mechanism of CBY2 on myogenesis.