Journal of Plant Biotechnology

The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology (한국식물생명공학회)
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Production of vegetable oil in biomass

바이오매스에서 식물지방 생산

  • Kim, Hyun Uk (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Kyeong-Ryeol (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Eun-Ha (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Roh, Kyung Hee (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kang, Han Chul (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Jong-Bum (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 김현욱 (농촌진흥청, 국립농업과학원, 농업생명자원부) ;
  • 이경렬 (농촌진흥청, 국립농업과학원, 농업생명자원부) ;
  • 김은하 (농촌진흥청, 국립농업과학원, 농업생명자원부) ;
  • 노경희 (농촌진흥청, 국립농업과학원, 농업생명자원부) ;
  • 강한철 (농촌진흥청, 국립농업과학원, 농업생명자원부) ;
  • 김종범 (농촌진흥청, 국립농업과학원, 농업생명자원부)
  • Received : 2014.09.02
  • Accepted : 2014.09.22
  • Published : 2014.09.30
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Abstract

Vegetable oils (triacylglycerols) produced mainly in seeds of plants are used for valuable foods that supply essential fatty acids for humans as well as industrial raw materials and biofuel production. As the demanding for vegetable oils has increased, plant metabolic engineering to produce triacylglycerols in biomass such as leaves has been considered and explored for alternative source of vegetable oils. Leaves are genetically programmed to supply the fixed carbon by photosynthesis to other organs for plant development and growth. Therefore, in order to produce and accumulate triacylglycerols in leaves, one should take account of multiple metabolic pathways such as carbon flux, competition of carbohydrate and fatty acid biosynthesis, and triacylglycerols turnover in leaves. The recent metabolic engineering strategy has showed potential in which the co-expression of three genes WRINKLED1, DGAT1, and OLEOSIN involved in the critical step for increasing the fatty acid synthesis, accumulating triacylglycerols, and protecting triacylglycerols, respectively produced higher amount of vegetable oils in leaves. Developing of genetically engineered plants producing vegetable oil in biomass at non-agricultural lands will be promising to the future success of the field.

식물지방은 주로 종자에서 생산되는데 인류에게 필수 지방산을 공급하는 식품 뿐 아니라 바이오디젤 등 산업원료로 그 이용가치가 크다. 식물지방의 수요 증가에 따른 식물지방의 생산증대가 필요하다. 식물지방을 종자 이외의 바이오매스가 큰 식물의 잎에서 생산한다면 식물지방 생산 증진이 가능할 것이다. 잎은 지방을 생산하는 기관이 아니며 주로 광합성을 통해 탄소를 고정하여 다른 기관으로 탄소를 공급하는 기능을 하고 있어 지방을 생산 축적하는 기관으로 전환하는 데는 많은 고려가 필요하다. 그럼에도 불구하고 최근 지방합성 조절인자인 WRI 유전자, 지방을 생성하는 acyltransferase인 DGAT 유전자의 발현에 의해 잎에서 지방을 합성할 수 있었다. 또한 지방의 분해를 안정화하는 올레오신 단백질의 추가 도입으로 잎에서 건조중량당 15%의 중성지방 생산을 보여 잎에서 지방생산 가능성을 보여주었다(Vanhercke et al. 2014). 앞으로 바이오매스에서 지방을 생산하는 연구가 활발할 것으로 예측되며 이 기술을 식용작물이 아닌 비식용이며 바이오매스가 큰 거대억새 등에 도입하여 농지로 적합하지 않은 열악한 토지 및 간척지 등에 재배하여 실용화한다면 미래 지속 생산 가능 친환경 바이오 원료 생산 자원으로 사용 가능하리라 사료된다.

Keywords

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