• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.538-553
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength and the anticariogenicity of glass ionomer cement with conventional bonding resin and fluoride releasing resin. After the shear bond strength test, scanning electron microscopic observation was performed for the evaluation of the fracture patterns in each group. Under the polarizing light microscope, artificially induced carious lesions were evaluated and the lesion depths of the samples were measured using image analyzing program(Image-Pro $PLUS^{TM}$, USA). 50 sound maxillary premolars were used for the bond strength test and another 30 for the anticariogenic test. Data collected were analyzed statistically using Oneway-ANOVA and Scheffe test. The results were as follows: 1. Glass ionomer groups(G-III, IV, V) generally showed the lower bond strength values than resin groups(G-I, II). 2. Among the two resin groups, G-I showed the higher bond strength than G-II without statistically significant difference between them(p>.05). 3. Within glass ionomer groups, statistical significance was found between G-III and G-V with the superior bond strength in G-V (p<.05). 4. Under the SEM, adhesive failure was the predominant fracture pattern in G-I and II, whereas cohesive failures were mainly observed in G-III. In G-IV and V, mixed type of pattern where the both fracture patterns coexisted within samples could be seen. 5. In evaluation of the depth of artificially developed carious lesion, glass ionomer group showed shallower depth than resin groups with statistical significance between G-III and G-I, II(p<.05). Among resin groups, fluoride releasing resin(G-II) showed the shallower depth than conventional resin(G-I)(p<.05).

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.493-500
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose the development of deep learning structure to improve quality of polygonal containers. The deep learning structure consists of a convolution layer, a bottleneck layer, a fully connect layer, and a softmax layer. The convolution layer is a layer that obtains a feature image by performing a convolution 3x3 operation on the input image or the feature image of the previous layer with several feature filters. The bottleneck layer selects only the optimal features among the features on the feature image extracted through the convolution layer, reduces the channel to a convolution 1x1 ReLU, and performs a convolution 3x3 ReLU. The global average pooling operation performed after going through the bottleneck layer reduces the size of the feature image by selecting only the optimal features among the features of the feature image extracted through the convolution layer. The fully connect layer outputs the output data through 6 fully connect layers. The softmax layer multiplies and multiplies the value between the value of the input layer node and the target node to be calculated, and converts it into a value between 0 and 1 through an activation function. After the learning is completed, the recognition process classifies non-circular glass bottles by performing image acquisition using a camera, measuring position detection, and non-circular glass bottle classification using deep learning as in the learning process. In order to evaluate the performance of the deep learning structure to improve quality of polygonal containers, as a result of an experiment at an authorized testing institute, it was calculated to be at the same level as the world's highest level with 99% good/defective discrimination accuracy. Inspection time averaged 1.7 seconds, which was calculated within the operating time standards of production processes using non-circular machine vision systems. Therefore, the effectiveness of the performance of the deep learning structure to improve quality of polygonal containers proposed in this paper was proven.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2014

This study was conducted to compare colony forming unit (CFU) of microorganisms in closed and open soilless culture systems for estimating the possibility for potential disease occurrence. Samples were collected at four different positions in four commercial greenhouses with closed or open soilless culture system using rock wool or coir as substrate, respectively. The distance between sampling positions was 3 cm starting from the substrate and the surface area of each position was $25cm^2$. The CFU of fungi was significantly higher in the open system, while that of bacteria was not significantly different but showed relatively lower in the closed system. Samples collected at the plastic surface of the substrates where little environmental effects occurred from drainage showed lower CFU than any other positions. The principal component analysis showed that samples collected on the drainage pathway highly affected the changes in microbial population in the greenhouse. These results indicated that greenhouses with closed soilless culture are expected to have more advantageous conditions for restraining the microbial growth, resulting in the lower potential of disease occurence in greenhouse ecosystem.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.932-938
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• 2011

Ginsenoside Rg1 is a pharmacologically active component isolated from ginseng. The goal of this study was to clarify the beneficial effects of Rg1 on glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic animals (db/db mice). To accomplish this, ten week old db/db mice were administered 10 mg/kg of Rg1 for 15 days. Rg1 did not influence the weight of db/db mice when compared with vehicle-treated db/db mice. The administration of Rg1 lowered fasting plasma glucose, and improved glucose tolerance. Importantly, Rg1 markedly reduced both plasma triglyceride and free fatty acids, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations in db/db mice. Rg1 activated promoter activity of chimeric GAL4-PPAR${\alpha}$ reporter and increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR${\alpha}$) target genes such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) and acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO), which are involved in fatty acid oxidation. These findings indicated that improvement of lipid profiles by Rg1 may be associated with increased fatty acid oxidation via PPAR${\alpha}$ activation. Taken together, these results suggest that Rg1 could have beneficial effects for controlling hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia associated with type 2 diabetes.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.200-205
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• 2003

The study was carried out on the artificial cultivation of the abalone mushroom, Pleurotus cystidiosus O.K.Miller. The pine sawdust substrates with 20% rise bran were good for mycelial growth and high quantity of P. cystidiosus in the bottle cultivation. Moreover, the proper volume for bottle cultivation was 850 ml and the removal of spawn and surface layer of the medium before pin-heading was more efficient. The yields of P. cystidiosus were higher in sawdust substrates added calcium carbonate than those not added calcium carbonate. The volume of 3 kg polypropylene bag is good for yield and biological efficiency in bag cultivation of P. cystidiosus. Cotton wastes were proper substrates for bag cultivation. In the effect of different cultivation temperature, $28{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ cultivation temperature was good for for primordial formation after inoculation.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.657-665
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• 2014

This study was carried out to study the effect of eggplant (EG203) grafting and strawberry removal time on succeeding tomato cropping in high temperature season. In non tillage culture, bacterial wilt incidence was 30% and 0% in nongrafting and eggplant (EG203) grafting while 25% in non-grafting and 0% in eggplant (EG203) grafting in tillage culture. Commercial yield was similar in tillage and non-tillage culture using EG-203 grafting as 2,693 kg/10a and 2,657 kg/10a respectively with no difference in soluble solid content and hardness. Strawberry removal time after tomato planting enhanced plant height and internode length in 20days and 30days later removal while no difference in other growth characters. Commercial yield was higher as 1,885 kg/10a in strawberry removal before tomato planting than 1,678 kg/10a in 30days later removal. From this research, strawberry removal time should be determined by considering strawberry price and growth and expecting profit by succeeding tomato cropping.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.198-204
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• 2020

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is rare in children who receive anticancer chemotherapy and have no history of stem cell transplantation (SCT). We report a case of CMV retinitis that developed during maintenance chemotherapy for acute leukemia. A 7-year-old boy developed decreased visual acuity and persistent pancytopenia during maintenance chemotherapy. Laboratory investigations initially showed significant CMV antigenemia (51 positive cells/200,000 leukocytes); however, antiviral therapy was not deemed necessary in this patient who had no history of SCT. CMV antigenemia worsened to 170 positive cells/200,000 leukocytes over 3 weeks. Ophthalmological examination revealed multiple bilateral retinal infiltrates and granular lesions. He was diagnosed with CMV retinitis and was treated with a 4-week course of intravenous ganciclovir and intravitreal injection of ganciclovir 6 times, followed by a 1-month course of orally administered valganciclovir. A CMV antigenemia assay showed negative results, and follow-up fundoscopy revealed lesser retinal infiltration after the sixth intravitreal ganciclovir injection. Future studies should focus on the development of standardized screening methods and preemptive therapeutic strategies for CMV disease in high-risk children.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.178-187
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• 1996

This study was conducted to obtain the basic informations for producing high quality seeds of vegetable soybeans. Four vegetable soybean cultivars, 'Okharawase', 'Mikawashima', 'Hwaeomputkong', and 'Seokryangputkong' were planted at four locations, Chulwon(altitude, 192m) and Pyeongchang(altitude, 370m) in highland, and Suwon(altitude, 37m)and Daegu(altitude, 55m) in lowland of Korea with two planting dates, May 15 and June 15. Seed infection rates were attributed by in order of phomopsis seed decay caused by Phomopsis spp., seed mottling caused by soybean mosaic virus (SMV), purple seed stain caused by Cercospora kikuchii. Seed infectron rate was the lowest at Pyeongchang and lower on June 15 than on May 15 planting. Phomopsis seed decay by Phomopsis spp. was lower in highland of Korea, Pyeongchang and Chulwon, than in lowland of Korea, Suwon and Daegu. Seed infection rate was also lower on June 15 planting than on May 15, and in seeds harvested at maturity than at ten days after maturity. Germination rate of seeds harvested in highland, Pyeongchang and Chulwon, after six to seven month storage at 5$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$ was more than 90% and higher than that of the seeds in lowland, Suwon and Daegu. Germination rate was also higher on June 15 than on May 15 planting.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.35-47
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• 2019

The mycelial growth of P. coccineus strain was good in PDA and YMA, but mycelial growth was low in MEA. Light irradiation during the incubation period affected the pigment formation and density of mycelia. Mushroom of P. coccineus strain was able to produce fruiting bodies in both bottle and bag cultivation, and oak sawdust was found to be the most suitable substrate for spawn culture and cultivation. In artificial cultivation using sawdust medium, fruiting body was grown to the extent that visual observation was possible from the 15th day, and it formed about 5 days fast in the treatment group with low relative humidity. From 40 to 45 days of mushroom development, mature fruiting bodies could be harvested, and the lower relative humidity of the growing room favored mushroom development and growth. Antioxidant activity of fruiting bodies harvested from artificial cultivation showed that ABTS radical scavenging activity of bottle-cultivated and wild fruit bodies were shown at 505㎍/㎖ and 515㎍/㎖, respectively. However, fruiting bodies harvested in bag cultivation were high at 910㎍/㎖. As a result of DPPH radical scavenging activity, all extracts were found to be inactive, exhibiting IC₅₀ value of more than 2,000㎍/㎖ concentration. The ethyl acetate extract of mushrooms obtained from bottle cultivation showed the highest activity with 1,550㎍/㎖ IC₅₀ value. Methanol extract of wild fruit bodies had the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity at the same concentration (10mg/㎖).

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.414-418
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• 2006

유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅의 인프라가 되는 센서 네트워크는 매우 작은 하드웨어로 이루어지는 많은 수의 센서 노드들로 구성된다. 이 네트워크의 토폴로지와 라우팅 방식은 그 목적에 따라 결정되어야 하며, 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어도 필요한 경우에는 변경되어야 한다. 따라서 그러한 네트워크를 최적으로 설계하기 위해서는 시스템 동작을 확인하고 성능을 예측할 수 있는 센서 네트워크 시뮬레이터가 필요하다. 현존하는 몇몇 센서 네트워크 시뮬레이터들은 특정 하드웨어나 운영체제에 맞추어 개발되었기 때문에, 그러한 특정 시스템들을 위해서만 사용될 수 있다. 그리고 시스템 설계 상의 주요 이슈가 되는 전력 소모량 및 프로그램 실행 시간을 추정하기 위한 어떤 수단도 지원하지 못하고 있다. 이 연구에서는 기존의 센서 네트워크 시뮬레이터들이 갖고 있는 문제점을 해결한 시뮬레이터를 개발하고, 센서 네트워크의 계층적 라우팅 프로토콜인 LEACH, TEEN, APTEEN의 전력소모량을 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 분석하였다. 시뮬레이션의 작업부하인 명령어 트레이스로는 ATmega128L 마이크로컨트롤러용 크로스컴파일러에 의해 생성된 실행 이미지를 사용하였다. 따라서 각각의 라우팅 프로토콜을 실제 센서 보드에서 동작하는 응용 프로그램으로 구현하고, 컴파일된 실행 이미지를 작업부하로 사용하여 시뮬레이션 하였다. 라우팅 프로그램들은 ETRI의 센서 네트워크 운영체제인 Nano-Q+ 1.6.1을 기반으로 구현되었으며, 하드웨어 플랫폼은 옥타컴의 센서 보드인 Nano-24이다. 시뮬레이션 결과에 따르면, 센서 네트워크는 그 사용 목적에 따라 라우팅 프로토콜을 적절히 선택해야 한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 즉, LEACH는 주기적으로 네트워크의 상황을 체크해야 하는 경우에 적합하고, TEEN은 환경의 변화를 수시로 감지해야 하는 경우에 적합하다. 그리고 APTEEN은 전력소모량과 기능 측면을 모두 고려할 때 가장 효과적인 라우팅 프로토콜이라고 할 수 있다.iRNA 상의 의존관계를 분석할 수 있었다.수안보 등 지역에서 나타난다 이러한 이상대 주변에는 대개 온천이 발달되어 있었거나 새로 개발되어 있는 곳이다. 온천에 이용하고 있는 시추공의 자료는 배제하였으나 온천이응으로 직접적으로 영향을 받지 않은 시추공의 자료는 사용하였다 이러한 온천 주변 지역이라 하더라도 실제는 온천의 pumping 으로 인한 대류현상으로 주변 일대의 온도를 올려놓았기 때문에 비교적 높은 지열류량 값을 보인다. 한편 한반도 남동부 일대는 이번 추가된 자료에 의해 새로운 지열류량 분포 변화가 나타났다 강원 북부 오색온천지역 부근에서 높은 지열류량 분포를 보이며 또한 우리나라 대단층 중의 하나인 양산단층과 같은 방향으로 발달한 밀양단층, 모량단층, 동래단층 등 주변부로 NNE-SSW 방향의 지열류량 이상대가 발달한다. 이것으로 볼 때 지열류량은 지질구조와 무관하지 않음을 파악할 수 있다. 특히 이러한 단층대 주변은 지열수의 순환이 깊은 심도까지 가능하므로 이러한 대류현상으로 지표부근까지 높은 지온 전달이 되어 나타나는 것으로 판단된다.의 안정된 방사성표지효율을 보였다. $^{99m}Tc$-transferrin을 이용한 감염영상을 성공적으로 얻을 수 있었으며, $^{67}Ga$-citrate 영상과 비교하여 더 빠른 시간 안에 우수한 영상을 얻을 수 있었다. 그러므로 $^{99m}Tc$-transierrin이 감염 병소의 영상진단에 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.리를 정량화 하였다. 특히 선조체에서의 도파민 유리에 의한 수용체 결합능의 감소는 흡연에 의한 혈중 니코틴의 축적 농도와 양의 상관관계를 보였다(rho=0.9, p=0.04). 결론: $[^{11}C]raclopride$ PET을 이용하여 비흡연 정상인에서 흡연에 의한 도파민 유리를 영상화 및 정량화 하였고, 흡연에 의한 선조체내 도파민 유리는 흡연시 흡수된