• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.177-177
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• 2003

고품질 기능성 고추장을 개발하는데 고추장의 품질은 사용하는 재료, 배합비율, 제조방법, 숙성조건등에 따라 맛과 향기, 색 등에서 차이가 나타난다. 시장경쟁력에 맞추어 공장산 고추장에 기능성을 강화시키고 소비자의 기호성을 충족하기 위해 유기산과 비타민, 무기질이 풍부하고 다양한 생리적 기능성을 가진 국내산 매실엑기스를 공장산 고추장의 품질에 영향을 미치는 반제품에 농도별로 (0％(M0), 10%(M10), 20%(M20), 30%(M30)) 첨가하여 숙성 시 일어나는 화학적 성분변화를 조사하였다. 환원당은 9.6∼10.3%에서 11.9∼12.8%로 증가하였으며 매실엑기스의 첨가 농도가 낮을수록 높은 값을 나타내었다. 아미노산성질소는 숙성이 진행됨에 따라 증가하였으며 매실엑기스가 첨가된 시료의 경우 그 변화폭이 큰 것으로 나타났다. M0(대조구)의 pH는 5.45에서 발효 중 미생물에 의한 유기산생성으로 다소 감소하였으나 M10, M20, M30은 매실에 들어있는 유기산과 키토산으로 초기 pH가 2.87∼3.38로 낮아 변화 폭은 적은 것으로 나타났다. 적정산도는 숙성기간 중 증가하였으며, 대조구에 비해 메실엑기스의 첨가농도가 증가할수록 높은 값을 보였다. 염분(NaCl)은 같은 기간 중 감소하였으며 매실엑기스의 농도가 증가할수록 낮은 수치를 보였다.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.100-103
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• 2004

The culture condition and medium composition for the enhanced mycelial growth of Inonotus mikadoi IMSNU 32058 were investigated. The optimal temperature and pH for the mycelial growth were $27^{\circ}C$ and pH 4.5, respectively. Among the complex media tested, the malt extract medium and Phellinus igniarius medium were very good for mycelial growth of I. mikadoi. When Czapek-Dox medium was used as a minimal medium for cultivation of mycelia, xylose, raffinose and carboxymethyl cellulose were very excellent as a carbon and energy source. With respect to carbohydrate, sucrose and glucose were very good carbon sources. In general, organic complex nitrogen sources were better than other inorganic ones. As the organic complex nitrogen sources tested, yeast extract, soytone, proteose peptone and bacto peptone were the best as a source of organic nitrogen. When ammonium sulfate as an inorganic source of nitrogen was used, the enhanced mycelial growth was shown. p-Aminobenzoic acid was proved to be most appropriate source of vitamin. After the mycelia of I. mikadoi was cultivated at $27^{\circ}C$ for 5 days in MEM broth (pH 4.5), the activities of both exomycelial and endo-mycelial enzymes were determined. Among endomycelial enzymes assayed, the specific activity of laccase was much higher than those of other enzymes. When the fungus was grown in MEM broth, exomycelial specific enzyme activity of laccase was comparatively high. However, little or no enzyme activities of protease, chitinase and lipase were found.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate optimum conditions for mass production of antagonistic microbes Pseudomonas azotoformans HC5. P. azotoformans HC5 is a potent biological control agent to control brown blotch disease caused by Pseudomonas tolaasii. This markedly showed the antagonistic activity against P. tolaasii, the most destructive pathogen of cultivated mushrooms. To define the optimum conditions for the mass production of the P. azotoformans HC5, we have investigated optimum culture conditions and effects of various nutrient source on the bacterial growth. The optimum initial pH and temperature were determined as pH 6.0 and $15^{\circ}C$, respectively. The optimal concentration of medium elements for the growth of pathogen inhibitor bacterium was determined as follows: 0.6% adonitol, 1.5% yeast extract, 0.8% $NH_4H_2PO_4$, 5mM $MgSO_4$, and 0.2% asparagine.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.191-196
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate optimum conditions for mass production of ntagonistic microbes Alcaligenes sp. HC12. Alcaligenes sp. HC12 had a potent biological control agent to control browning disease caused by Pseudomonas agarici. Alcaligenes sp. HC12 markedly showed the antagonistic activity against Pseudomonas agarici, the most destructive pathogen of cultivated mushrooms. To define the optimum conditions for the mass production of the Alcaligenes sp. HC12, we have investigated optimum culture conditions and effects of various nutrient source on the bacterial growth. The optimum initial pH and temperature were determined as pH 9.0 and $30^{\circ}$, respectively. The optimal concentration of medium elements for the growth of pathogen inhibitor bacterium(Alcaligenes sp. HC12) was determined as follows: 0.5% dextrine, 1.5% yest extract, 1.0% $NaNO_3$, 0.5% $KH_2PO_4$, and 1.5% asparagine.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1186-1192
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• 2005

The relationship between bacteria and anaerobic archaea, sludge yield coefficient and nitrogen removal rate were investigated in intermittent aeration systems(I/A) with added archaea, I/A and conventional activated sludge system. As the archaea solution was added to the I/A reactor, organic removal rate as well as nitrogen removal rate increased. Also, sludge production rate in I/A system added the archaea was maintained lower than other systems because sludge yield coefficient was decreased due to the role of anaerobic archaea such as anaerobic degradation of organics. The experimental data supported the possibility of symbiotic activated sludge system with anaerobic archaea under intermittent aeration, leading to the enhanced nitrogen removal. Crucial results to be presented are: 1) specific oxygen utilization rate(SOUR) of the I/A-arch system was $2.9\;mg-O_2/(g-VSS{\cdot}min)$. SOUR and nitrification rate of the sludge from the I/A-arch system was higher than those from the I/A and A/S reactors. 2) Removal efficiencies of $TCOD_{Cr}$ in the I/A-arch, I/A and A/S reactors were 93, 90 and 87%, respectively. 3) Nitrification occurred successfully in each reactor, while denitrification rate was much higher in the I/A-arch reactor. Efficiencies of TN removal in the I/A-arch, I/A and A/S reactors were 75, 63 and 33%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.111-116
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• 2001

As part of the recycling methods, residual food through the anaerobic fermentation process was decomposed into methane gas and fermentation liquid. The research was conducted to measure the effect of application of fermentation liquid on chemical properties of soil and plant growth according to application rate and separate manure at the base of nitrogen in fermentation liquid. The fermentation liquid contained 0.52% nitrogen was applied in treatments by standard fertilizer. The treatments were composed of the control only with chemical fertilizer and N-50, N-100-4, N-100-8 were each of applied with 50, 100(6 times), 100(3 times)% of fermentation liquid contrast to standard fertilizer. Properties of fermentation liquid was high EC because of waster soluble organic compounds as well as much of salts and also contained a lot of suspended solid. The changes of soil chemical properties little occurred in before and after of experiment but EC and content of ex. Ca in soil were increased. Fresh weigh in treatments applied with fermentation is high than that of control but the difference between treatments little showed. The above result means if fermentation liquid be used instead of chemical fertilizer the volume of used fermentation liquid will be reduced by 50% of present standard fertilizer.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.17-28
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• 1997

To study the possibility of agricultural utilization of industrial wastewater sludge, the changes of the substances, such as temperature, pH, inorganic and organic matter, the form of nitrogen, fatty acid and the population number of microorganisms during composting periods were investigated. Temperature and $CO_2$ generation were the highest in the second day of composting peroids, and then were gradually fallen. And they were similar to room temperature after the sixth day of composting periods. C/N ratio was a little increased as time went by. pH value was not changed in early composting periods and then pH had been gradually decreased since it was rapidly increased. It was in the range of 8.7~8.8 in late composting periods. The contents of $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$, CaO, MgO and Fe were a little increased and that of ${SO_4}^{2-}$ was increased with 62~67% in late in comparing with early composting periods. The contents of ether extracted materials, water soluble polysaccharides, hemicellulose and cellulose were decreased but that of resins and lignin were not changed during composting periods. The contents of total and organic nitrogen were decreased but that of inorganic nitrogen was increased during composting periods. The population number of microorganism during composting periods was too much changed according to the kinds of bulking agents and microorganisms, and the composting periods.

• Clean Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.134-141
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• 2011

The effects of the compounds and concentrations of nitrogenous electron acceptor, the ratio of electron donor/electron acceptor (C/N), and the complexity of electron donor on the emission of $N_2O$ during wastewater denitrification were quantitatively investigated in this study. The higher ${NO_3}^-$ and ${NO_2}^-$ concentrations, the more $N_2O$ emission was observed. ${NO_2}^-$ has strong effect on $N_2O$ emission as it emitted morc $N_2O$ than ${NO_3}^-$, 50 mg/L of ${NO_2}^-$-N gave the highest conversion (9.3%) and yield (9.8%) of $N_2O$ while ${NO_3}^-$-N (50 mg/L) gave 5.6% conversion and 11.0% yield. Lower C/N ratio decreases nitrogen removal efficiency, but it increases the conversion of $N_2O$ because of the incomplete denitrification by the limited organic carbon. When real domestic wastewater is used as the electron donor of the denitrification, $N_2O$ emission is reduced to 1/10 of the emission when single carbon (acetate) is used. It is thought that multiple carbon source utilizes many denitrification pathways and it seems to be helpful for the reduction of $N_2O$ emission.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of yucca extract on the flavor development in Chungkookjang fermented by Bacrillus sp. b01. The changes in the contents of amino-type N, ammonia type N, volatile compounds and organic acids, and those in the activities of ${\alpha}-amylase$ and protease were also determined with aging period. The amount of amino-type N increased gradually with time and was slightly higher in Chungkookjang containing yucca extract than in control. The content of ammonia-type N in Chungkookjang decreased by the addition of yucca extract. During aging, a little higher amylase activity was detected in Chungkookjang containing yucca extract. However, the amylase activity was the lowest in Chungkookjang containing 1 mg/g of yucca extract. The protease activity was slightly higher in Chungkookjang containing yucca extract. The organic acids, such as citrate, acetate, malate, fumarate, and succinate, were detected. The yucca extract reduced the production of tetramethylpyrazine which was responsible for the unpleasant odor, but enhanced the production of 2,5-dimethylpyrazine and 2,6-dimethylpyrazine which contributed to the taste. Sensory evaluation showed that the addition of yucca extract of 0.5 mg/g significantly improved the flavor and taste of products.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.293-303
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• 1977

Cellulosic organic solid wastes such as bark and sawdust, and filter papers as a pure cellulose were pyrolyzed at $300^{\circ}C$ under nitrogen current and mixed current of nitrogen and air. Amounts of condensates collected in air, water, and dry ice-acetone cooling traps, noncondensable gases, and carbonized residues were surveyed. The components of volatile liquids condensed in dry ice-acetone trap were separated by means of gas chromatograph and identified by retention times and syringe reactions. Pyrolysis under nitrogen current produced 13.4∼29.6${\%}$ of tar, 0.01∼0.12${\%}$ of aqueous liquids, 0.24∼1.43${\%}$ of volatile liquids, 9.84∼42.41${\%}$ of noncondensable gases, and 44.0∼65.81${\%}$ of carbonized residues. Pyrolysis under mixed current decreased tar and condensable liquids, but increased noncondensable gases.Volatile liquids collected under nitrogen current separated into the same 19 components by Porapak Q column regardless of the materials and only difference among materials was relative amounts of components. Volatile liquids collected under mixed current separated into six components and mainly lower molecular weight compounds such as methanol and formaldehyde were produced. According to the retention times and syringe reactions, methanol, formaldehyde, acetone, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, and three other compounds presumably containing hydroxyl group in the molecular structure were identified out of 19 compounds.