• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.6 no.2 s.12
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• pp.81-90
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• 1998

With the high demand for Geographic Information System and the diversification of Spatial Information, it has been required a rapid and accurate input system, updating system and an efficient field survey system to organize database for thematic mapping. Following the purpose, several indispensable modules have to be Invented to build a GPS Lap-top Computer System using low cost GPS receivers. These modules include such as an interface module between GPS receivers and lap-top computers, a data processing module for standalone GPS or Real-time Differential GPS, a module to input or amend digital map and to transfer three-dimensional coordinates in real-time, and finially a module to enter attribute value and feature code based on standard specification of digital maps for controlling position and attribute data. In this paper, it Is presented the efficiency of method to acquire and to input or to amend spatial information using a GPS Lap-top Computer System.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

In this paper, we proposed the skin color based hand and finger detection technology for the gesture recognition in CCTV surveillance. The aim of this paper is to present the methodology for hand detection and propose the finger detection method. The detected hand and finger can be used to implement the non-contact mouse. This technology can be used to control the home devices such as home-theater and television. Skin color is used to segment the hand region from background and contour is extracted from the segmented hand. Analysis of contour gives us the location of finger tip in the hand. After detecting the location of the fingertip, this system tracks the fingertip by using only R channel alone, and in recognition of hand motions to apply differential image, such as the removal of useless image shows a robust side. We explain about experiment which relates in fingertip tracking and finger gestures recognition, and experiment result shows the accuracy above 96%.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2000

The objective of this study was to determine the teat locations and to develop a teat cup handling system operated by a robot. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. The teat cup attaching and detaching operation system developed in this study consists of a control computer, a five-dimensional robot(PERFORMER-MK2), a DC servo gripper, a robot controller, two CCD-cameras (WV-vp410), an image grabber board(DT3153), a model cow, and a teat cup unit. 2. The coordinates of teat locations were measured by a stereo image processing unit. The error ranges of teats coordinates measured were (x, y, z) = (0.83, 1.95, 0.81) mm. When those were transferred into the Robot Coordinate System(RCS) coordinate, the total error ranges measured were x = 0.9 mm, y = 2.0 mm, z = 0.9 mm. 3. The rates of success of teat cup attaching and detaching operation by a robot system were 91.5% on average; the operation time needed were 27.8 sec. Total working hours for the teat cup handling including image processing were 86.1 sec.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.23 no.5 s.182
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• pp.143-148
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• 2006

It is still very difficult to generate a geometry model and finite element model, which has complex and many free surface, even though 3D CAD solutions are applied. Furthermore, in the medical field, which is a big growth area of recent years, there is no drawing. For these reasons, making a geometry model, which is used in finite element analysis, is very difficult. To resolve these problems and satisfy the requests of the need to create a 3D digital file for an object where none had existed before, new technologies are appeared recently. Among the recent technologies, there is a growing interest in the availability of fast, affordable optical range laser scanning. The development of 3D laser scan technology to obtain 3D point cloud data, made it possible to generate 3D model of complex object. To generate CAD and finite element model using point cloud data from 3D scanning, surface reconstruction applications have widely used. In the early stage, these applications have many difficulties, such as data handling, model creation time and so on. Recently developed point-based surface generation applications partly resolve these difficulties. However there are still many problems. In case of large and complex object scanning, generation of CAD and finite element model has a significant amount of working time and effort. Hence, we concerned developing a good direct finite element model generation method using point cloud's location coordinate value to save working time and obtain accurate finite element model.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.159-169
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• 1993

As Global Positioning System is able to provide 24-hour all weather surveying capability and high precision survey in three dimension, expected that the extensive use of GPS to support geophysics, geophysics, millitary and time correction etc. But in order to use the GPS results effectively, we have to solve problems about coordinates transformation relating the WGS84 to Bessel Datums and development of the accurate geoid undulation model. In this paper, we derive polynomial model equations about geoid undulation around local area(longitude $126^{\circ}{\sim}129^{\circ}$, latitude $36^{\circ}{\sim}37^{\circ}$) in Korea by GPS/Leveling method, also study the geoidal height calcaulation methods supplemented by Earth Gravitational Models (OSU981A, OSU86F).

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.10B no.5
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• pp.509-514
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• 2003

The virtual bronchoscopy was implemented using chest CT images to visualize inside of tracheo-bronchial wall. The optical endoscopy procedures are invasive, uncomfortable for patients and sedation or anesthesia may be required. Also, they have serious side effects such as perforation, infection and hemorrhage. In order to determine the navigation path, we segmented the tracheo-bronchial wall from the chest CT image. We used the coordinates as a navigation path for virtual camera that were calculated from medial axis transformation. We used the perspective projection and marching cube algorithm to render the surface from volumetric CT image data. The tracheobronchial disease was classified into tracheobronchial stenosis causing from inflammation or lung cancer, bronchiectasis and bronchial cancer. The virtual bronchoscopy is highly recommended as a diagnosis tool with which the specific place of tracheobronchial disease can be identified and the degree of tracheobronchial disease can be measured qualitatively, Also, the virtual bronchoscopy can be used as an education and training tool for endoscopist and radiologist.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.51-63
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• 2002

This study sought to identify the kinematic characteristics at entrance to the straight course from the curvilinear course in the 200m-track game. For this purpose, this study was conducted for 4 sprinters by setting the 10m-section combined from the curvilenear track to the straight course and shooting them with the camcorder. It was set up to include all the sections of analysis by using the framework of the control point knowing the coordinate of the space and actual analysis was conducted on the motion showing the best records by conducting it for each subject five times. As a result, the following conclusion was drawn: It was found that the subjects showed the average stride of 4.5${\pm}$0.41 times at the 10-meter section and the required time of 1.42${\pm}$0.04sec. They showed the ratio average stride to height of 1.25${\pm}$0.20% and the average speed of 7.06${\pm}$0.19m/s. The displacement in the center of gravity of the human body at the section combined from the curvilinear course to the straight course was moving along the inward course of the curvilinear course, and the displacement of the leg located at the outward direction(right) was found to be larger than that of the leg located at the inward direction(left). In the speed of the left and right hand segments, it was found that the speed of the right hand located in the outward direction was faster than that of the left hand located at the inward, and it was found that the subjects progressed in the curvilinear course. The subjects showed the larger angle of the shoulder joint when the upper arm was located in the forward direction than when the it was located in the backward direction. In the curvilinear course, they showed the lower value of the lateral angle of the trunk when the right foot located at the outward direction left the ground than when the left foot located at the inward direction left the ground. And it was found that the lateral angle of the trunk became lower with approaching the straight course.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.223-229
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• 2005

Purpose: In this work we designed and made MPBP(Multi Purpose Brachytherapy Phantom). The MPBP enables one to reproduce the same patient set-up in MPBP as the treatment of the patient and we tried to get an exact analysis of rectal doses in the phantom without need of in-vivo dosimetry. Materials and Methods: Dose measurements were tried at a point of rectum 1, the reference point of rectum, with a diode detector for 4 patients treated with tandem and ovoid for a brachytherapy of a cervix cancer. Total 20 times of rectal dose measurements were made with 5 times a patient. The set-up variation of the diode detector was analyzed. The same patient set-ups were reproduced in self-made MPBP and then rectal doses were measured with TLD. Results: The measurement results of the diode detector showed that the set-up variation of the diode detector was the maximum $11.25{\pm}0.95mm$ in the y-direction for Patient 1 and the maximum $9.90{\pm}4.50mm,\;20.85{\pm}4.50mm,\;and\;19.15{\pm}3.33mm$ in the z-direction for Patient 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Un analyzing the degree of variation in 3 directions the more variation was showed in the z-direction than x- and y-direction except Patient 1. The results of TLD measurements in MPBP showed the relative maximum error of 8.6% and 7.7% at a point of rectum 1 for Patient 1 and 4, respectively and 1.7% and 1.2% for Patient 2 and 3, respectively. The doses measured at R1 and R2 were higher than those calculated except R point of Patient 2. this can be thought to related to the algorithm of dose calculation, whcih corrects for air and water but is guessed not to consider the correction for the scattered rays, but by considering the self-error (${\pm}5%$) TLD has the relative error of values measured and calculated was analyzed to be in a good agreement within 15%. Conclusion: The reproducibility of dose measurements under the same condition as the treatment could be achieved owing to the self-made MPMP and the dose at the point of interest could be analyzed accurately. If a treatment is peformed after achieving dose optimization using the data obtained in the phantom, dose will be able to be minimized to important organs.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.5_3
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• pp.1361-1371
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• 2021

Among smart city services, the crime and disaster prevention sector accounted for the highest 24% in 2018. The most important platform for providing real-time situation information is CCTV (Closed-Circuit Television). Therefore, it is essential to create the actual CCTV surveillance coverage to maximize the usability of CCTV. However, the amount of CCTV installed in Korea exceeds one million units, including those operated by the local government, and manual identification of CCTV coverage is a time-consuming and inefficient process. This study proposed a method to efficiently construct CCTV's actual surveillance coverage and reduce the time required for the decision-maker to manage the situation. For this purpose, first, the exterior orientation parameters and focal lengths of the pre-installed CCTV cameras, which are difficult to access, were calculated using the point cloud data of the MMS (Mobile Mapping System), and the FOV (Field of View) was calculated accordingly. Second, using the FOV result calculated in the first step, CCTV's actual surveillance coverage area was constructed with 1 m, 2 m, 3 m, 5 m, and 10 m grid interval considering the occluded regions caused by the buildings. As a result of applying our approach to 5 CCTV images located in Uljin-gun, Gyeongsnagbuk-do the average re-projection error was about 9.31 pixels. The coordinate difference between calculated CCTV and location obtained from MMS was about 1.688 m on average. When the grid length was 3 m, the surveillance coverage calculated through our research matched the actual surveillance obtained from visual inspection with a minimum of 70.21% to a maximum of 93.82%.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.31-43
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• 2000

This paper presents a novel algorithm lot extraction of the eye and mouth fields (facial features) from 2D gray level face images. First of all, it has been found that Eigenfeatures, derived from the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors of the binary edge data set constructed from the eye and mouth fields are very good features to locate these fields. The Eigenfeatures, extracted from the positive and negative training samples for the facial features, ate used to train a MultiLayer Perceptron(MLP) whose output indicates the degree to which a particular image window contains the eye or the mouth within itself. Second, to ensure robustness, the ensemble network consisting of multiple MLPs is used instead of a single MLP. The output of the ensemble network becomes the average of the multiple locations of the field each found by the constituent MLPs. Finally, in order to reduce the computation time, we extracted the coarse search region lot eyes and mouth by using prior information on face images. The advantages of the proposed approach includes that only a small number of frontal faces are sufficient to train the nets and furthermore, lends themselves to good generalization to non-frontal poses and even to other people's faces. It was also experimentally verified that the proposed algorithm is robust against slight variations of facial size and pose due to the generalization characteristics of neural networks.