• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.14-22
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• 2012

The position, size and landscape of the former Donam SeoWon as well as the physical organization of the old site, are studied to extract data for the enhancement of the authenticity of Donam SeoWon since its registration as a world heritage site. The results are as follows. The 'Donam(豚巖)' encaved rock, the tombstone of teacher Sagye(沙溪), Kimjipsadang(金集祠堂), the head of the Gwangsan Kim family, the Sagye stream in front of them, and the Gyeryong and Daedun mountains in the distance are united in the former Donam SeoWon as landscape elements that clearly show the characteristics of the former site, which was called 'Donam-Wollim(豚巖園林).' Moreover Yangseongdangsipyoung(養性堂十詠), adds the garden elements of a medical herb field, twins pond, a bamboo forest, a school, and a peach field. On this site, one can also engage in activities that are related to the land and are closely related to Neo-Confucianism such as fish watching, conferencing, visit in seclusion(訪隱), looking for monks, and overseeing farming. The former site facing east is assumed to have Sau(祠宇) - Eungdodang(凝道堂) - Ipdeokmum(入德門) - Sanangru(山仰樓: estimated). Jeonsacheong seems to have been located to the left of the Sau area, Yangseongdang, which contained upper and lower twin lotus ponds, on the right and was surrounded by various plants. As it has been used as a lecture hall for the past 250 years, the former Donam SeoWon, located 1.8km away from the current area, must be preserved, and the landscape should be formed to establish the authenticity of Donam SeoWon.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.77
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• pp.255-288
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• 2016

Korean mass media has represented foreigners in their documentaries, entertainment shows, situational comedies, and dramas for long time, while the representations created plenty of controversies. Alleged West-oriented racism found from various televison programs may be one of them. Recently, however, more Korean television shows began to incorporate the ideas of multi-culturalism. This paper is an attempt to explore how television audiences interpret multi-culturalism reflected in the media. More specifically, this is a case study of JTBC's , a show featuring foreigners debating on various topics regarding Korean culture. Particularly, it focuses on disputes over the producers' decision to play 'Kimigayo' (the national anthem of Japan, which is also considered as a symbol of Japanese militaristic past) when introduced a new Japanese panel. Critical discourse analysis was adoped as the main research method, and researchers found that audiences draw certain guidelines in accepting multi-cultural aspects. If and when these aspects overstep the line, they tend to abandon it without hesitance. In the case of 'Kimigayo,' it was ethno-centrism and/or anti-Japanes sentiments which made multi-culturalsim much weaker. It does not mean that multi-culturalism was replaced-or defeated-by nationalism, but show the 'vulnerability' of multi-culturalsim. Multi-culturalism is not as concretely rooted in Korean society as many people have claimed or hoped. The research has its own limitations as a case study, but it is hoped to stimulate other researchers to keep their eyes on media and multi-culturalsim in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.40-52
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• 2016

Buyongjeong, a pavilion in the Rear Garden of Changdeok Palace, was appointed as Treasure No. 1763 on March 2, 2012, by the South Korea government since it shows significant symmetry and proportion on its unique planar shape, spatial configuration, building decoration, and so forth. However, the designation of Treasure selection was mainly evaluated by concrete science, in that the selection has not clearly articulated how and why Buoungjeong was constructed as a present unique form. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the identity of Buyongjeong at the time of construction by considering its historical, ideological, philosophical background and building intention. Summary are as follows: First, Construction backgrounds and characters of Buyongjeong: Right after the enthronement, King Jeongjo had founded Kyujanggak(奎章閣), and sponsored civil ministers who were elected by the national examination, as a part of political reform. In addition, he established his own political system by respecting "Kaksin(閣臣)", Kyujanggak's officials as much as "Kain(家人)", internal family members. King Jeongjo's aggressive political reform finally enabled King's lieges to visit King's Rear Garden. In the reign of King Jeongjo's 16th year(1792), Naekaksangjohoe(內閣賞釣會) based on "Kaksin" was officially launched and the Rear Garden visitation became a regular meeting. The Rear Garden visitation consisted of "Sanghwajoeoyeon(賞花釣魚宴)" - enjoying flowers and fishing, and activities of "Nanjeongsugye". Afterward, it eventually became a huge national event since high rank government officials participated the event. King Jeongjo shared the cultural activities with government officials together to Buyongjeong as a place to fulfill his royal politics. Second, The geographical location and spatial characteristics of Buyongjeong: On the enthronement of King Jeongjo(1776), he renovated Taeksujae. Above all, aligning and linking Gaeyuwa - Taeksujae - a cicular island - Eosumun - Kyujangkak along with the construction axis is an evidence for King Jeongjo to determine how the current Kyujangkak zone was prepared and designed to fulfill King Jeonjo's political ideals. In 17th year(1793) of the reign of King Jeongjo, Taeksujae, originally a square shaped pavilion, was modified and expanded with ranks to provide a place to get along with the King and officials. The northern part of Buyongjeong, placed on pond, was designed for the King's place and constructed one rank higher than others. Discernment on windows and doors were made with "Ajasal" - a special pattern for the King. The western and eastern parts were for government officials. The center part was prepared for a place where government officials were granted an audience with the King, who was located in the nortern part of Buyongjeong. Government officials from the western and eastern parts of Buyongjeong, could enter the central part of the Buyongjeong from the southern part by detouring the corner of Buyongjeong. After all, Buyongjeong is a specially designed garden building, which was constructed to be a royal palace utilizing its minimal space. Third, Cultural Values of Buyongjeong: The Buyongjeong area exhibits a trait that it had been continuously developed and it had reflected complex King's private garden cultures from King Sejo, Injo, Hyunjong, Sukjong, Jeongjo and so forth. In particular, King Jeongjo had succeded physical, social and imaginary environments established by former kings and invited their government officials for his royal politics. As a central place for his royal politics, King Jeongjo completed Buyongjeong. Therefore, the value of Buyongjeong, as a garden building reflecting permanency of the Joseon Dynasty, can be highly evaluated. In addition, as it reflects Confucianism in the pavilion - represented by distinguishing hierarchical ranks, it is a unique example to exhibit its distinctiveness in a royal garden.

• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.237-246
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• 1999

The study ooramed has the meanngs as a goal, to examine a character and changes of function a "Maru" in the literatures historically. Methodically the literatures in the temporal oonsequences were selected, and the "Maru", whidl oomes into it, was interpreted in its historical oonnections. By the investigation I oould oome to the following results. First of all, those terms "Maru" and "Daechll1Q" were cfifferently used after the sizes and p1ares of the spaces concerned. I.e, the "Maru" in the center of the house is called "Daed1ung", With the Maru does not concern actually its p1are, Secondly, the functions of the spare "Maru" are characterized as follows. ·Space for the important ceremonies ·Spare for the passage and the switching of two or several spaces. ·Determination of the hierardly of spares in the whole house. ·Spare for the receipt. ·Spare for sleeping and for living. ·Spare for work, storage etc. Thirdly, the meanings of the "Maru" were dlanged as follows in the time. ·The term "Man! was used from the past to today without interrujjion. Arot.l1d 1930 the tenns "Yangsil" and "Geosil" for the tenn "Maru" were emerged. ·The different dlaraderistics for the space "Maru" are found in the cortemporary literatures only rare. This thing explains itself by the fad that the "Maru" becomes the inner-spare after 1900 by the restructuring of the dwelling spares.hing explains itself by the fad that the "Maru" becomes the inner-spare after 1900 by the restructuring of the dwelling spares.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.107-120
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze representations of fatherhood of childcare entertainment reality programs. For this purpose, two episodes of of MBC were analyzed by semiotic analytic methods, especially, signs, images, combined level of significations, etc. The results indicated that fathers of the programs reflected modern ideal images of feminist fatherhood in which fathers cooperated to care children with mothers, and played the role of intimate friend-daddies, daddies as friends. A post-modern male ideology was inherent in those fatherhood changes. Those fathers in this program intermittently exposed narratives of inexperienced fathers while dedicating themselves to cooperative childcare adequate to the purpose of the program, suggesting that it would reproduce the mother-childcare ideology as a result. Furthermore, although such reflected changes towards fatherhood enthusiastically involving in childcare represented the modern ideal fatherhood, it is still identified that gender stereotypes, gender-based discrimination and patriarchal male ideologies were inherent in the ways of their guiding children. In short, such trend of friend-daddies did not imply an revolutional change from male-centered patriarchal family structures to male-female cooperated family structures.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.559-602
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• 2010

This study examines the concepts and functional characteristics of consciousness in comparison of memory and attention from the perspective of information processing. It also provides an understanding of the relationships between the three as hypothetical constructs. Consciousness is regarded as too ambiguous a concept to be understood and accepted as a mental construct without the inclusion of memory and attention in any conceptualization. We need one criterion to count satisfactorily as an explanation of consciousness in information processing. Consciousness would be a subjective awareness of momentary experience and also have the characteristic of an operating system performing control and consolidation in information processing. This could be called cognitive consciousness which refers to a subjective awareness and an executive control system, even though those are not equivalent concepts. Consciousness, memory and attention, three mental constructs could operate dependently or independently depending on the specific tasks conditioned in many information processing levels whose modules with three mental constructs could operate in hierarchy. In this premise, working memory could not be a unitary system, contrary to those of Baddeley and Hitch(1974) and Baddeley(1992, 2000), just being a mental workplace consisting of two components: the phonological loop, and the visual-spatial sketchpad without the episodic buffer and a central executive which are the characteristics of consciousness. In the continuum of information processing, the conscious processes and the unconscious processes seem not to be totally different and contrasting processes.

• Archives of design research
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• no.16
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• pp.101-110
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• 1996

CHOOSA GORACK which is a typical example of traditional houses in the CHO SEON dynasty consists of the four terraced builfing group. Among those,SADANG CHAI are located in the highest level,and SADANG CHAI and SADANG CHAI are toward south direction.It means that building orientation and level were influenced by the distinction of social level and the idea of ancester worship. Floor and ceiling level in the same building is different which was caused by the distinetion of social level in the CHO SEON dynasty and an ariental dual as a variety of openings,exposed ceilings,and furniture against a wall were creating a typical Korean visual harmony. Although the furniture and equipments were very important elements in ONDOL BANG the occupance ratio of these were low because the free space in BANG should be utilized effectively to accommodate the space variation.Both an AN CHAI and SARANG CHAI were composed by the standard space module called KAN.And interior elements were established by several factors such as the human scale,the behavior pattern in traditional sitting life style, and the lumber size of post and lintel construction of Korean house.BANG and DAE GHUNG, composed of KAN,were expanded and arranged side by side so that the natural light and ventilation through them could be used in the result of the kind of lay out,traffic circulation was disturved.In conclusion,CHOOSA GOTACK was formed by the sirect effice of the KOREAN penisula. However this study was based on one sample. It may not enough to deduct soild conclusion.Therefore continuous and farher study is needed for the sestemane evaluation.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.140-154
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• 2010

The core of subject matter education is determined by the choice of subject matter taught to students and by the organization of content according to educational objectives. The purpose of this research is to suggest ways to improve the present content of science education so as to prepare students and schools for a radically different future. We deduced the main issues the solution of which could lead to significant improvements in the contents of science education by analyzing previous studies and investigating the changes in content that were effected during curriculum revisions in the past. The main issues thus revealed through this study are as follows: the essence of the contents of subject matters in science education, the social and cultural background of change in the science curriculum, the rational steps on the way to choosing contents as part of the science curriculum, the processes of choosing the main contents of each subject, the international comparative study of contents, the updating of contents for the benefit of future society, and the reorganization of subject contents. In order to find a concrete improvement on the issues deduced, we organized an expert group. Then, we proceeded to collect and analyze the experts' opinions. A survey was administered to 19 science education experts working with universities and colleges of education. We examined their degree of agreement on the issues and problems, and on the steps that may be taken to us the improvements on these issues. we suggested that: collecting opinion and reaching an agreement on the essence of the contents of the subject matters in science education, the necessity to choose core contents within the scientific domain, developing a structure map in order to integrate and connect various subject domains, presenting explicitly the objective of inquiry by grades, moving toward integrating science contents, diversifying the construction of science textbooks.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.456-464
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• 2007

The aims of this research are to analyze the representations and conceptual sequence of eye vision in Korean science textbooks and to suggest a contents construct about eye vision where the conceptual sequence is considered. Research method was literature review, and the literatures that were used for analysis were the 7th Korean science curriculum which was revised in 1997, and the science and physics textbooks developed based on the 7th Korean science curriculum. The research results are as follows: 1) Although the science curriculum seems to have no problem on sequence in the eye vision concepts, the science and physics textbooks based on the curriculum reveal problems on the sequence in the eye vision concepts; 2) Some Korean science textbooks explain retinal image formation according to the Alhazen's idea, except in inverse image; 3) Some Korean science textbooks explain about the reasons of near- and far-sightedness without consistency between the textbooks for 7th and 8th grade students; 4) A few Korean science textbooks give an inappropriate explanation about the principle of eye sight correction by eye glasses; 5) According to the analysis result, the concepts related to eye vision should be presented in the order of explanation about light refraction phenomena, image formation process by convex lens, structure of human eye and retinal image formation process, correction of eye sight using lens.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.203-220
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the importance of entrepreneurs' well-being, and to propose several ways to improve it. First, the factors influencing entrepreneurs' well-being were explored via previous literature review, and positive psychological capital based on positive psychology was selected as the main factor. In addition, the hypotheses were formulated and the research model was constructed by selecting authentic leadership, mastery goal orientation, and social support as the antecedents predictably associated with positive psychological capital. To empirically analyze the proposed model, a questionnaire survey was conducted for the entrepreneurs who fulfilled the training/coaching/consulting programs offered by the Youth Startup Academy. By using the collected 133 responses, PLS-Structural Equation Analysis, PLS-Multi Group Analysis(MGA), and PLS-Importance-Performance Map Analysis(IPMA) were performed. As a result, it was found that positive psychological capital had a high causal relationship with the well-being of entrepreneurs; and authentic leadership and mastery goal orientation had a positive effect on positive psychological capital. However, the statistical significance of the impact of social support has not been verified. While differences in causality between early and growing stages of start-ups only acted as sub-factors of positive psychological capital, the aforementioned three antecedents showed a significant difference for hope and optimism, respectively. This study expanded the topic of entrepreneurship-related research, which mostly focuses on identifying the performance factors of start-ups. It is meaningful in that it empirically verified the causality model constructed by exploring the factors with respect to the mental well-being of entrepreneurs, which is a main theme in the entrepreneurship-related research. These results found in the current study will render practical insights to entrepreneurs, researchers, and educators.