• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2014

Purpose : To derive the most appropriate factors by considering the effects of the major factors when applied to the optimization algorithm, thereby aiding the effective designing of a ideal treatment plan. Materials and Methods : The eclipse treatment planning system(Eclipse 10.0, Varian, USA) was used in this study. The PBC (Pencil Beam Convolution) algorithm was used for dose calculation, and the DVO (Dose Volume Optimizer 10.0.28) Optimization algorithm was used for intensity modulated radiation therapy. The experimental group consists of patients receiving intensity modulated radiation therapy for the head and neck cancer and dose prescription to two planned target volume was 2.2 Gy and 2.0 Gy simultaneously. Treatment plan was done with inverse dose calculation methods utilizing 6 MV beam and 7 fields. The optimal algorithm parameter of the established plan was selected based on volume dose-priority(Constrain), dose fluence smooth value and the impact of the treatment plan was analyzed according to the variation of each factors. Volume dose-priority determines the reference conditions and the optimization process was carried out under the condition using same ratio, but different absolute values. We evaluated the surrounding normal organs of treatment volume according to the changing conditions of the absolute values of the volume dose-priority. Dose fluence smooth value was applied by simply changing the reference conditions (absolute value) and by changing the related volume dose-priority. The treatment plan was evaluated using Conformal Index, Paddick's Conformal Index, Homogeneity Index and the average dose of each organs. Results : When the volume dose-priority values were directly proportioned by changing the absolute values, the CI values were found to be different. However PCI was $1.299{\pm}0.006$ and HI was $1.095{\pm}0.004$ while D5%/D95% was $1.090{\pm}1.011$. The impact on the prescribed dose were similar. The average dose of parotid gland decreased to 67.4, 50.3, 51.2, 47.1 Gy when the absolute values of the volume dose-priority increased by 40,60,70,90. When the dose smooth strength from each treatment plan was increased, PCI value increased to $1.338{\pm}0.006$. Conclusion : The optimization algorithm was more influenced by the ratio of each condition than the absolute value of volume dose-priority. If the same ratio was maintained, similar treatment plan was established even if the absolute values were different. Volume dose-priority of the treatment volume should be more than 50% of the normal organ volume dose-priority in order to achieve a successful treatment plan. Dose fluence smooth value should increase or decrease proportional to the volume dose-priority. Volume dose-priority is not enough to satisfy the conditions when the absolute value are applied solely.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 1997

This study was conducted to find out the main soil physical properties to control the soil hardness in tamped condition. Sandy loam soil was taken and fill it up to wood cubes and then differently trampling experimental cubic lots which were mulched with various materials, such as, leaves, wood plates and bricks. Soil physical properties were measured 2" core and samples were taken at 250 sites with soil hardness. There were highly significant positive correlations between soil hardness and bulk density, and between bulk density and water content. Negative correlations were found between soil hardness and water content, and between soil hardness and gravel content. The correlation coefficients were increased by multiple correlation between soil hardness, bulk density, volumetric water and gravel content. Bulk density was the main factor to control the hardness, and volumetric water and gravel contents were less effected to soil hardness.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.567-572
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• 2004

Background : The effect of PEEP(ed note: Define PEEP.) on the lung volume in patients with auto-PEEP during mechanical ventilation is not even. In patients with an expiratory limitation such as COPD, a PEEP of 85% from an auto-PEEP can be used with minimal increase in the lung volume. However, the application of PEEP to patients without an expiratory flow limitation can result in progressive lung. This study was carried out to evaluate the different PEEP effects on the lung volume according to the different pulmonary diseases. Methods : Sixteen patients who presented with auto-PEEP during mechanical ventilation were enrolled in this study. These patients were divided into 3 groups: asthma, COPD and tuberculosis sequela (patients with severe cicatrical fibrosis as a result of previous tuberculosis and compensatory emphysema). A PEEP of 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the auto-PEEP was applied, and the lung volume increments were estimated using the trapped lung volume. Results : In the asthma group, the trapped lung volume was not increased at a PEEP of 25 and 50% of the auto-PEEP. This group showed a significant lung volume increment from a 75% PEEP. In the COPD group, the lung volume was increased only at 100% PEEP. In the tuberculosis sequela group, the lung volume was increased progressively from low PEEP levels. However, a significant increment of the lung volume was noted only at 100% PEEP. Conclusion : The effects of the applied PEEP on the lung volume were different depending on the underlying lung pathology. The level of the applied PEEP >50% of the auto-PEEP might increase the trapped lung volume in patients with asthma.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.547-554
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• 2010

This study intends to analyze how long the landfill site will be available by estimating maximum volume of landfill. Preestimated volume was calculated using digital maps and scheme drawings. The latest reclamation volume was measured using the state-of-the-art airborne LiDAR technology. Based on these data. landfill volume of now, carries in volume of past a few years and subsidence rate were calculated. As a result of study, the remaining capacity of this landfill site was estimated that it would be available till 2045.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.142-145
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• 1998

근권용량을 2, 4, 6, 8 및 10$\ell$로 제한하여 펄라이트를 채워 오이를 재배한 결과 근권용적이 증가할수록 초장, 경경, 엽수 및 엽면적이 증가하였고, 과실수와 과실중량에서는 근권용적이 큰 8$\ell$와 10$\ell$의 처리구에서 가장 양호하였으며 기형과 발생률도 낮은 경향이었다. 근권용적 6$\ell$를 기준으로 미만의 처리구에 비해 이상의 처리구에서 경으로의 건물분배가 줄어들고 엽으로의 건물분배가 많은 것을 볼 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.90-90
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• 2001

CCAP법을 이용하였을 때 SAM에서 taurine의 뇌 분포용적은 정상생쥐보다 85 % 감소하였다. 그리고 10, 15, 30초 동안의 뇌 분포용적은 linear regression을 나타내었다. 또한 intravenous injection technique의 결과, SAMP8에서의 sucrose space가 정상생쥐에 비하여 감소하였음을 알 수 있었다. 반면에 choline의 경우는 정상생쥐보다 SAMP8의 뇌분포용적이 73% 증가하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.115-117
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 660nm 파장의 적색광과 940nm 파장의 적외선을 활용한 광전용적맥파(photoplethysmo graphy:PPG)를 기반으로 한 산소포화도 측정에 대하여 연구하였다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 한 손가락에서 서로 다른 두 파장의 광(光)을 번갈아 켜고 끄며 측정하던 산소포화도 측정방식과 달리 서로 다른 두 파장의 광을 각각 서로 다른 손가락에서 측정 한 후 각각의 광전용적맥파를 통하여 산소포화도를 측정할 수 있는 방법을 제안하였다. 이 방법은 동시에 한곳에서 측정할 때와 달리 서로 다른 두광을 Switching할 필요 없이 동시에 측정 가능하며 이를 통하여 서로 다른 곳에서 측정한 광전용적맥파를 이용하여 산소포화도 측정이 가능하다는 결론을 얻었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.71-75
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• 2011

현재 소방장비에 적용되어지는 소방펌프를 살펴보면 원심펌프가 주류를 이루고 있으며 폼 약제 이송 장치와 같은 특수한 장비에 용적형펌프가 일부 사용되고 있다. 또한 국내 소방펌프의 형식승인 및 검정기술기준 또한 원심펌프 위주로 되어 있어 원심펌프 이외의 펌프를 소방장비에 적용하기에는 현실적으로 많은 어려움이 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 고압으로 대유량 방수가 가능하도록 개발된 회전용적형펌프의 방수성능을 기존의 원심펌프와 비교 테스트하고 그 결과를 분석하여 회전용적형펌프의 소방장비에 적용 가능성을 제시하고자 한다.

• 주택과사람들
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• s.200
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• pp.46-47
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• 2007

정부는 수도권의 주택 공급을 확대하기 위해 신도시 추가 건설과 함께 계획관리지역(옛 준농림.준도시 지역)의 용적률을 높이기로 함에 따라 그동안 지지부진했던 민간택지 공급이 활성화될지 관심이 쏠리고 있다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.106-113
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• 2016

Ultra-high pressure positive displacement pump can discharge high pressure water with mass volume, which depends on periodic changes in volume that made by rotation motor. Its high efficiency of discharge is one of the most strong point of positive displacement pump. Due to its simple system structure, it can be miniaturized and lightened. Positive displacement pump can discharge high pressure with stable flow rate, irrespective of pressure fluctuate. This is the reason that positive displacement pump was used instead of centrifugal pump. In this study, shutoff operating system was developed for positive displacement pump to secure safety of high pressure operate. This shutoff system contains controller system, electronic clutch, and relief valve, and each part is mutual supplementation. Speed test was carried out in order to check operation of controller program and electronic clutch and fluid flow, venting experiment of the relief valve. It was confirmed that segment system of ultra-high pressure positive displacement pump is operated.