• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2007

종고대도현재하단전재건신양생방면점착흔중요위치. 의가(醫家), 도가(道家), 불가등위료보지건강타문주료흔다노력화각식적연구. 하단전시태아재모친복중생활적지방(下丹田是胎兒在母親腹中生活的地方), 시정자재부친체내생장적중요부위시생명성장적지방(是精子在父親體內生長的重要部位是生命成長的地方), 위료보유지건강적영혼화육체취요단련단전보지단전기중최보편적방법취시단전호흡화수기(爲了保維持健康的靈魂和肉體就要鍛鍊丹田保持丹田其中最普遍的方法就是丹田呼吸和手技)(침구(鍼灸), 약(藥), 안마(按摩)), 본고취시통과수기유지건강적단전소주적고찰(本告就是通過手技維持健康的丹田所做的考察). 한의학설(韓醫學說);(종동양사상주기초(從東洋思想做基礎))치인체질병유음양설(治人體疾病有陰陽說), 오행설등동양문화적근원음양설시포괄인간자연계적세계만물(五行說等東洋文化的根源陰陽說是包括人間自然界的世界萬物), 음화양적상대성(陰和陽的相對性), 상보성(相補性), 상련성등(相連性等) 원리주적관찰(原理做的觀察), 오행설시목(五行說是木), 화(火), 토(土), 금(金), 수자연계적삼라만상오류군적상생(水自然界的森羅萬象五類群的相生), 상극(相剋), 상화사득만물질서조율(相和使得萬物秩序調律), 인체시삼라만상(人體是森羅萬象), 우주중적소우주(宇宙中的小宇宙), 산화계곡(山和溪谷), 천화강해(川和江海), 동식물(動植物), 생활도구(生活道具), 건축물(建築物), 천체화무의등조성료인체구조자연화생명적조화중한의학시용침술화약재치료료인적질병(天體和巫醫等組成了人體構造自然和生命的造化中韓醫學是用鍼術和藥材治療了人的疾病). 저양조화유지료신체건강, 여과파배료저종조화상호보충적관계취회출현이상, 취회질인병기질병(就會疾引病起疾病), 소이위료유지신체적조화취요호호적이해신체적구성(所以爲了維持身體的調和就要好好的理解身體的構成), 관리호신체적각부분(管理好身體的各部分). 저시논문규명적취시신체내양생최중요적지방시단전, 하단전적구조이해지후취회명백유지신체조화적경혈적관계(下丹田的構造理解之後就會明白維持身體調和的經穴的關係).

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.155-164
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• 2007

This study is aimed at determining the effects of rehabilitation training on lumbar extension strength and relief of back pain in middle-aged women of low back pain. Twenty-nine subjects(total 29 people; CLBP 16, HLD 13) were trained twice per week for eight weeks and completed a maximum isometric test at various flexion angle(the degree of $0^{\circ}$, $12^{\circ}$, $24^{\circ}$, $36^{\icrc}$, $48^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $72^{\circ}$) by lumbar extension machine. The result showed that. 1. Patient group of CLBP were increased the maximum lumbar extension strength at a range of 7 flexion angles after rehabilitation rather than no rehabilitation(on the average 60.75%). The operated patient group in HLD also showed an increase of 56.55%. In view of these cases, all of two groups showed a significant increase of muscle strength(p<.05). But there is no difference between pre-exercise and post-exercise groups. 2. Patient group of CLBP were increased higher rate than 41% for maximum lumbar extension strength(91.79% at $0^{\circ}$, 79.41% at $12^{\circ}$, 65.89% at $24^{\circ}$) at all angles after 8 weeks training. Both groups indicated a significant increase(p<.05) of lumbar extension strength at all degrees. There is no difference between pre-exercise and post-exercise groups. 3. Relief of back pain in Patient group of CLBP showed a decrease of average 105.2% and patient group of HLD indicated a decrease of average 64.57% two groups showed a significant reduction (p<.05, p<.05). But in case of a decrease of pain, CLBP group got 3.44 points and HLD group got 4.77 points. In view of these results, two groups showed remarkable reduction of back pain, however HLD group had residual pain relatively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.233-243
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• 2010

Purpose : This study aimed to examine the effects of sling exercise therapy on the relief of low back pain and the cross-sectional area change of lumbar muscles by CT analysis for chronic low back pain patients. Methods : Forty-one patients with diagnosis of chronic low back pain was divided sling exercise therapy group(SEG) 19 subjects and conservative physical therapy group(CPG) 22 subjects. we randomized and treated them(subjects) for 12 weeks. As using visual analogue scale(VAS), we evaluated recovery accuracy of pain, and for investigating cross-section area change of lumbar muscles for before and after treatment we used computed tomography(CT). Results : This study were summarized as follows : 1) As treatment period, in each compared testing on VAS of SEG and CPG, the both group was significantly different(p<.05). 2) Compared testing on VAS of between-subject groups(SEG and CPG) were not significantly different(p>.05). 3) At SEG of before and after treatment, in compared testing on cross-section area size of lumbar muscles, All muscles of psoas major, quadratus lumborum, erector spinae and multifidus were significantly different(p<.05). At CPG, psoas major was significantly different(p<.05). But other muscles were not significantly different(p>.05). Conclusion : From this result, both sling exercise therapy and the conservative physical therapy are effect on decrease of pain for chronic low back pain patients. but Increasing of the cross-section area being proportioned with muscular strengthening of low back muscle is noticeable difference in SEG. Therefore, sling exercise therapy have affect both decreasing of pain for chronic low back pain patients and lumbar muscles strengthening.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.309-318
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare 2 different interventions, global postural re-education (GPR) and specific spinal stabilization exercise in the healthy elderly of women. Methods : A total of 28 subjects were randomized into 2 treatment groups: GPR, where therapy involved muscle global chain stretching, or specific spinal stabilization exercise with conventional static stretching (GPR group: n=14, specific spinal stabilization exercise group: n=14). Both groups received exercise intervention 3 times a week for 12-weeks. Results : Outcome was based on trunk endurance, trunk flexibility, Pressure Bio Feedback, Oswestry Disability Index measured immediately before and after intervention. Trunk flexibility, Pressure Bio Feedback, Oswestry Disability Index improved more in GPR group after intervention. There were no differences between the 2 exercise approaches for any of the trunk endurance. Conclusion : As the above results, GPR appear to improve Trunk flexibility, Pressure Bio Feedback, Oswestry Disability Index to the elderly of women. The efficacy of the GPR program used in this study should be further investigated in a long period study and objective outcomes.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.243-248
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• 2009

Among 74 patients who came to pain clinic to treat their backache, 37 patient were randomly allocated to experimental(finger-pressure therapy)group and another 37 patients were allocated to control(transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator)group. The extent of backache was compared before and after experiment by ANCOVA test at both groups(p<0.005). The reduction of pain level by visual analogue scale at experimental group was statistically significantly bigger than control group when motion with front flexion(1.92), extension after front flexion(2.22), right flexion(1.23), and left flexion(1.21)(p<0.05).

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2019

Background: Compared to healthy people, patients with chronic lower back pain have reduced balance abilities which may cause proprioception problems, patients with chronic lower back pain avoid physical activities due to pain, and reduced activity levels lead to muscle weakening, which can further exacerbate pain. Recently, there have been many studies on the use of sensory stimulation; and among these studies, interventions that use vibrational stimulation have shown functional improvements in the patients. Objects: This study examined the effects of a stabilization exercise with vibration stimulation on the balance ability and disability in patients with chronic back pain. Methods: The subjects of the study were 30 persons who were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group, with 15 subjects in each. The subjects were evaluated before and after intervention via a balance ability test, the Korean Oswestry disability index (KODI) test, a pain test, and a proprioceptive sensory test. Both groups received general physical therapy. The experimental group performed the stabilization exercise with vibration stimulation, and the control group performed a general stabilization exercise, three times a week for six weeks. Results: After the intervention, both groups showed significant improvements in the balance ability test, the KODI test, the pain test, and the proprioceptive sensory test. The experimental group showed statistically significant, higher improvements than the control group in the balance ability test, the KODI test, and the proprioceptive sensory test. Conclusions: The stabilization exercise with vibration stimulation for patients with chronic back pain has been reported to provide greater functional improvements than the conventional intervention method. Therefore, the stabilization exercise in a vibration stimulation environment could be a useful intervention for patients with chronic back pain.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.79-87
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• 2021

Objective: To compare the effects of lumbar dysfunction and balance when office workers with chronic back pain performed the abdominal drawing-in maneuver. Methods: A total of 16 office workers with chronic low back pain were included in this study. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: the general and abdominal drawing-in maneuver groups. The intervention was applied for 6 weeks, 3 times a week, 70 min per day. Participants in the general exercise group(n=8) performed the general physical therapy and lumbar flexibility exercise, whereas those in the abdominal drawing-in maneuver group(n=8) performed the general physical therapy and lumbar stabilization exercise using abdominal drawing-in maneuver(3 times/week for 6 weeks). All tests, were the Korean Oswestry disability index (KODI) and balance ability, were completed pre and post-intervention. Results: Significant improvements in the KODI and balance ability test were observed in the abdominal drawing-in exercise group (p<.05), whereas no significant changes (p>.05) were observed in the general exercise group. Conclusion: This study revealed that abdominal drawing-in maneuver can effectively improve the lumbar dysfunction and balance ability of office workers with chronic back pain.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1612-1618
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• 2011

The present study was undertaken to analyze the effects of different types of treatment on excess post exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC), flexibility, free radical and antioxidants in women using a horseback riding therapeutic device. Subjects were trained in regular horseback riding exercises for 12 weeks (3 times/wk). The effects of this exercise were examined by means of a single session of horseback riding that lasted for 30 min. 21 women were recruited from a public health center and divided into 3 groups (passive recovery group, passive+massage recovery group, and dynamic recovery group). 3 types of recovery patterns were determined after a single trial of horseback riding exercise. Their flexibility were determined pre-and post-training by Paired T test, and ANOVA were used to analyze the data. The results were as follows: Among the 3 groups, the dynamic recovery group showed the highest levels of EPOC compared to the other groups, and also showed higher levels of anti-oxidants, as did the passive+massage recovery group compared to the passive recovery group. Moreover, horseback riding exercise greatly increased flexibility in the women. In conclusion, regular horseback riding training is recommended to enhance the flexibility of women and dynamic recovery is recommended to enhance EPOC and anti-oxidants after a single bout of exercise. Further study is needed in this area.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.389-399
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• 2016

This study examined the status of studies on exercise interventions for middle-aged women with chronic low back pain that had been conducted over the past 10 years (2005-2014) in Korea. The existing reports were searched electronically using the database of RISS, National Assembly Library, KISS, and DBpia with the key words of middle-aged women, chronic low back pain, exercise, and exercise program. Finally, 12 articles were included in the review. One article was from nursing science, and 11 were from other disciplines. In a qualitative evaluation on the papers, 1 study scored 8 out of 10 points, 8 studies scored between 5-6 points, and 3 studies scored 3-4 points. Intervention sessions were conducted for 55 minutes, on average, each at a frequency of 3.1 sessions per week, for a total of 29.7 sessions. This study found that lumbar neuromuscular exercise, yoga exercise, and aquatic exercise were effective in rehabilitation in middle-aged women with chronic low back pain. In the future, these findings are expected to be used in nursing intervention for the establishment of the basis for evidence-based nursing practice.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.31-44
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were to examine the normal lumbar proprioception and identify the effect of vision and proprioception on lumbar movement accuracy through measuring a reposition error in visual and non-visual conditions and to provide the basic data for use of vision when rehabilitation program is applied. The subjects of this study were 39 healthy university students who have average physical activity level. They were measured the ability to reproduce the target position(50% of maximal range of motion) of flexion, extension, dominant and non-dominant side flexion in visual and non-visual conditions. Movement accuracy was assessed by reposition error(differences between intended and actual positions) that is calculated by the average of absolute value of 3 repeated measures at each directions. The data were analysed by paired samples t-test, independent samples t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA. The results were as follows : 1. Movement accuracy of flexion, extension, dominant side flexion, and non-dominant side flexion was increased in visual condition. 2. There were no differences in the lumbar movement accuracy between sexes in visual and non-visual conditions. 3. In non-visual condition, the movement in coronal plane(dominant and non dominant side flexion) is more accurate than that in sagittal plane(flexion and extension). 4. In non-visual condition, there were no differences in the lumbar movement accuracy between dominant and non-dominant side flexion. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the movement is more accurate when the visual information input is available than proprioception is only available. When proprioception is decreased by injury or disease, it disturbs the control of posture and movement. In this case, human controls the posture and movement by using visual compensation. However it is impossible to prevent an injury or trauma because most of injuries occur in an unexpected situation. For this reason, it is important to improve the proprioception. Therefore, proprioceptive training or exercise which improve the ability to control of posture and movement is performed an appropriate control of permission or interception of the visual information input to prevent an excessive visual compensation.