• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.320-324
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• 2017

Development of modern agricultural machinery and accompanying agricultural development cause soil compaction and reduce growth by stressing roots. Kalanchoe pinnata was used to investigate the impact of stress on rooting and changes in plant growth and reproduction. K. pinnata forms somatic embryos capable of asexual reproduction at the edge of leaves. Impact of root pressurization of K. pinnata on somatic embryogenesis and organ differentiation according to external stress factors was investigated by using a high concentration of agar and this phenomenon was studied histologically. Agar concentration in culture media ranged from 0.5%-1.5% to induce a compression effect on roots. The stem and leaf of K. pinnata were subjected to a microtechnique process to study changes in tissue. In vivo, K. pinnata produced 2nd and 3rd plantlets at edges of leaves from lack of water and excessive lighting conditions. In in vitro culture studies, the lower the concentration of agar, the higher the population and the higher the biomass, but plantlet did not occur in leaf bends. Conversely, as concentration of agar increased, increase in the number of individuals was low. Plantlet development occurred only in agar 1.5% medium. The difference in agar concentration was a stressor in the root of K. pinnata, and thus the pattern of asexual reproduction changed from the division method in root to a plantlet generation in leaf. This suggests root pressurization may act as stress and change in the plant reproduction pattern.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.823-826
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• 1997

Myocardial abscess usually occurs as a complication of infective endocarditis or overwhelming septicemia. Coronary artery occlusion caused by myocardial abscess has been rarely reported. A 61-year-old man presented with fever and chill that developed 6 weeks prior to admission. He had a history of cardiopulmonary resuscitation for ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest 4 weeks prior to admission. Echocardiography showed a 3xfcm sized mass in the area of the right atrioventricular groove and coronary angiography showed complete occlusion of the proximal right coronary artery. Under the diagnosis of myocardial infarction complicating myocardial abscess, debridement of abscess and coronary artery bypass grafting with right internal mammary artery to distal right coronary artery was performed. Culture from the abscess cavity demonstrated Salmonella arizona.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.93-116
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• 2005

This study explored factors affecting consumer's external information search effort on online shopping malls through three approaches(cost-benefit approach, psychological motivation approach, and web-site theory approach) respectively, and designed the integrative model through searching the relationships among them. In this study search motivation are designed to be explained by search benefit and search cost that are explained by factors related to the web site and search efforts are designed to be explained by search benefit, search cost and search motivation. The results from our empirical research showed that search motivation, search benefits and prior knowledge on online shopping malls have a direct effect on consumer external information search effort. On the other hand, it was verified that the search motivation was affected by search benefits and purchase involvement, and the search benefits are directly influenced by purchase involvement, constructive simplicity, search convenience and trust. In addition, purchase involvement, time press, constructive simplicity and search convenience had direct effects on the search cost.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2014

Purpose : To evaluate the changes of the motion of abdominal cavity between interfraction and intrafraction by using abdominal compression for reducing abdominal motion. Materials and Methods : 60 MVCT images were obtained before and after tomotherapy from 10 prostate cancer patients over the whole radiotherapy period. Shift values ( X -lateral Y -longitudinal Z -vertical and Roll ) were measured and from it, the correlation of between interfraction set up change and intrafraction target motion was analyzed when applying abdominal compression. Results : The motion changes of interfraction were X-average $0.65{\pm}2.32mm$, Y-average $1.41{\pm}4.83mm$, Z-average $0.73{\pm}0.52mm$ and Roll-average $0.96{\pm}0.21mm$. The motion changes of intrafraction were X-average $0.15{\pm}0.44mm$, Y-average $0.13{\pm}0.44mm$, Z-average $0.24{\pm}0.64mm$ and Roll-average $0.1{\pm}0.9mm$. The average PTV maximum dose difference was minimum for 10% phase and maximum for 70% phase. The average Spain cord maximum dose difference was minimum for 0% phase and maximum for 50% phase. The average difference of $V_{20}$, $V_{10}$, $V_5$ of Lung show bo certain trend. Conclusion : Abdominal compression can minimize the motion of internal organs and patients. So it is considered to be able to get more ideal dose volume without damage of normal structures from generating margin in small in producing PTV.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.609-616
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• 1999

심폐바이패스시 발생할 수 있는 튜브 마모 및 파쇄는 롤러펌프의 반복되는 압박에 의해 롤러펌프에 장착된 튜브 내벽에 균열이 생기고 이로 인해 미세한 비생물적 조각들이 혈액중으로 떨어져 나가는 현상을 말하는데, 임상적으로 치명적인 색전증을 초래할 수 있다. 그러나 아직 롤러펌프 튜브로 사용되는 PVC 및 실리콘 튜브 중 어느 쪽이 마모 및 파쇄 관점에서 더 우수한지는 체계적으로 밝혀지지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 두 종류의 튜브를각각 일정 기간 롤러펌프에 장착하여 작동시킨 뒤 튜브내외면을 육안 및 주사형 전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 즉 PVC 및 실리콘 튜브 (내경 1/2 인치의)들을 미리 정해진 폐쇄도 조절에 의해 폐쇄 회로 심폐비이패스 롤러펌프 헤드에 장착시키고 4.500ml/min에서 각각 4차례씩 1,2,4,6 시간 작동시켰다. 파쇄에 의한 색전 관찰 실험에서는 회로 중간에 동맥여과기를 설치하고 각각 6,9시간 씩 롤러펌프를 작동시켰다. 실험 후 튜브 및 여과기들을 수거한 후 육안 및 주사형 전자현미경 분석을 시행하였다. 실험후 튜브 및 여과기들을 수거한 후 육안 및 주사형 전자현미경을 분석을 시행하였다. 튜브 외부의 육안 관찰 결과 일반적으로 실라스틱 튜브에서의 외부 마모가 PVC 튜브에 비해 현저하였다. 주사형 전자현미경 관찰에서 PVC 튜브에서의 홈은 좁으면서 경계선이 뚜렷한 특징을 보였고 3시간 이상 롤러와 접촉한 튜브들에게서는 깊은 균열이 간헐적으로 관찰되었다. 반면, 실라스틱에서의 홈은 좁으면서도 경계선이 뚜렷한 특징을 보였고 3시간 이상 롤러와 접촉한 튜브들에게서는 깊은 균열이 간헐적으로 관찰되었다.반면 실라스틱에서의 튜브들에서는 홈이 상대적으로 넓고 경계가 덜 명확했으며, 특징적으로 V 자 모양의 융기부들이 간헐적으로 관찰되었다. 실라스틱 및 PVC 튜브 모두에서 50u 전후의 Craters 가 간헐적으로 관찰되었다. 여과기의 여과망에 대한 주사형 전자현미경 분석 결과 실라스틱과 PVC 튜브 실험군 모두에서 색전입자로 의심되는조각들이 발견되었으나 두군간 정량적 비교는 어려웠다. 결론적으로 롤러펌프에 의한 튜브 마모 및 파쇄현상은 실리콘 및 PVC 튜브의 재질에 따라 그 양상에는 차이가 있으나 임상적인 측면에서는 어느 쪽도 상대적인 우수성이 입증되지 못하였다.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.181-190
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• 2002

Every object's patterns is the balancing-relationship between the object's inner-energy and outer-stress. To see this as a balancing-relationship between an organism, inner-energy would be the occurrence of thermodynamic entropy which is for its existing maintenance. Outer-stress would be the friction that comes from the surrounding environment. Namely, we can see that object's figure exists in the balance between an extort to survive and fiction that disturb it. However, it is fourth that these figures are consisted of a curve and curved-surface which is not a straight line. So, it is impossible to find a figure made up of straight lines and surfaces in the existing object's world. It's true that we have regarded only a curve as the beautiful. Here, we have presented that in a curve, there exists an important function which protect our survival from the ancient humanity. And by closely observing the function in a physical dynamic-pattern sight, we've searched what is important in the design's origin that handle curve-patterns. Of course it would be more reasonable to analyze it in the standpoint of Mathematics, Chemistry, or Biology, and synthesize the points. However, due to the limitation of the researchability, we will concern about the physical structure in the design. Deficient details will be replenished through the study between educational systems. As a result, we have confirmed that, devoting the curve's physical structure-phenomenon (occurred in nature) to the design, is more beautiful in our eyes, too.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2011

The author reports a bile duct cancer patient whose stent shifted significantly from right to left over the course of radiotherapy. The 80-year-old female patient had a short stature with thoracic kyphosis and mutiple spinal compression fractures. She was also emaciated and very lean. By comparing the weekly scanned computed tomography images, the author found her stent to have shifted by more than 4 cm from right to left over the course of external beam radiotherapy. The results of this case study suggest that for a very lean and emaciated kyphotic bile duct cancer patient, the possibility of large interfractional movement of the bile duct or stent during radiotherapy should be considered.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 1999

Neuropathy is a common and often debilitating complication of diabetes, Diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DN) includes a variety of different disorders that affect the peripheral nervous system. The most common type of DN is the predominantly sensory distal polyneuropathy. Typically, symptoms begin in the foot and proximally during the course of the discease, reflecting the fact that longer fibres are involved earlier that shorter ones. Reviewed the pathogenesis, the diagnosis of DN, the gait pattern and the excercise, the treatment of pain in DN patient.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.6 s.68
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• pp.5-8
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• 2006

Inversion therapy has been used to relieve backpain, decrease pressure on the discs between vertebrae and stretch musdes as early as 400 BC. Gravity Guidance Inversion Table was introduced in 1960's and has been commercialized mostly for relieving backpain. in United States. But this machine needs to adjusted and possible sudden movement can cause severe injury to the users. In the 1990's, motor assisted inversion cram was introduced in Germany. But this inversion cram is too heavy and inconvenient to be used at home. In these days, the inversion machine become popular equipment in fitness clubs and health care places for relieving backpain as well as stretching muscles. And there is a growing need for home use version of motorized inversion machine. In this study, the motorized inversion machine was developed to be used for stretching exercise at home. The design became compact, simple and foldable as the results of adapting the wabble mechanism. And the machines are optimally designed by analyzing the torques applied to the machine by diverse physical size of users.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.621-625
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• 1996

"Middle lobe syndrome" which was described y Graham and associates at first is always caused by ex- ternal bronchial compression by Iymph nodes. Although the patients may not present any symptom, the most common presenting symptoms were cough, dyspnea, fever, hemoptysis, and chest pain. Diagnostic procedures includ chest X-ray bronchoscopy, brochography, chest CT, and the principal finding is the contracted middle lobe which is usually airless. We experienced fifteen cases of middle lobe syndrome from April 1990 to May 1995. Eleven patients were treated surgically. The surgical candidates for middle lobe syndrome are suspicious malignancy, fixed bronchiectasis, bronchostenosis, intractable to medical treatment, recurrent infection. Operations were right middle lobectomy (8), right middle and lower bilobectomy (2), right upper and middle bilobectomy (1). Postoperative histological findings were tuberculosis in six, chronic inflammation in three, malignancy in one, and focal hemorrhage in one. There were two cases of postoperat ve complications which were postoperative atelectasis and hepatopathy.patopathy.