• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.141-164
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• 2002

The present study examined the variations in personality variables according to different types for the Korean view of the afterlife, including 'extinction type', 'the other world-oriented transmigration type', 'heaven/hell type' and 'obscurity type'. The results may be summarized as follows: (1) 'the other world-oriented transmigration type' and 'heaven/hell type' showed significantly stronger belief in a just world than 'extinction type', (2) 'extinction type' and 'obscurity type' showed more external attribution for accidents than 'heaven/hell type', (3) there was no difference in unrealistic optimism levels, (4) depending upon the types for the view of the afterlife, not only preferred self-enhancing biases but also positive illusions which related to life satisfaction were different, (5) 'extinction type' showed stronger risk-taking tendency than 'heaven/hell type'. These results were explained in terms of features that belong to each afterlife view. Finally, we discussed the limitation of this study and the directions for future study.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.637-651
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• 2019

In the event of a major accident such as an explosion in a refinery or a petrochemical plant, it has caused a serious loss of life and property and has had a great impact on the insurance market. In the case of catastrophic incidents occurring in process industries such as refinery and petrochemical plants, only the proximate causes of loss have been drawn and studied from inspectors or claims adjustors responsible for claims of property insurers, incident cause investigators, and national forensic service workers. However, it has not been done well for conducting root cause analysis (RCA) and identifying the factors that contributed to the failure and establishing preventive measures before leading to chemical plant's catastrophic incidents. In this study, the criteria of warning signs on CCPS catastrophic incident waning sign self-assessment tool which was derived through the RCA method and the contribution factor analysis method using the swiss cheese model principle has been reviewed first. Secondly, in order to determine the major incident warning signs in an actual chemical plant, 614 recommendations which have been issued during last the 17 years by loss control engineers of global reinsurers were analyzed. Finally, in order to facilitate the assessment index for catastrophic incident warning signs, the criteria for the catastrophic incident warning sign index at chemical plants were grouped by type and classified into upper category and lower category. Then, a catastrophic incident warning sign index for a chemical plant was developed using the weighted values of each category derived by applying the analytic hierarchy process (pairwise comparison method) through a questionnaire answered by relevant experts of the chemical plant. It is expected that the final 'assessment index for catastrophic incident warning signs' can be utilized by the refinery and petrochemical plant's internal as well as external auditors to assess vulnerability levels related to incident warning signs, and identify the elements of incident warning signs that need to be tracked and managed to prevent the occurrence of serious incidents in the future.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.91-110
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• 2024

In this study, we compared and analyzed the influence of self-leadership on innovative behavior and the mediating effect of job satisfaction among R&D practitioners in manufacturing and information communication technology (ICT) industries. To accomplish this, we conducted an online survey using random sampling methods and collected data from 209 respondents. We employed exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and mediation analysis using SPSS 20.0 software to analyze the data and to compare differences between the manufacturing and ICT sectors. The research findings are as follows: Firstly, both in manufacturing and ICT sectors, self-leadership showed significant positive correlations with job satisfaction and innovative behavior. Secondly, in the analysis of the impact of self-leadership on innovative behavior, in the manufacturing sector, only natural reward strategy and constructive thought strategy showed significant positive effects, while in the ICT sector, behavioral-oriented strategy, natural reward strategy, and constructive thought strategy all showed significant positive effects. Thirdly, in the analysis of the impact of self-leadership on job satisfaction, in the manufacturing sector, only natural reward strategy and constructive thought strategy showed significant positive effects, while in the ICT sector, behavioral-oriented strategy and natural reward strategy showed significant positive effects. Fourthly, in the analysis of the impact of job satisfaction on innovative behavior, significant positive effects were observed in both manufacturing and ICT sectors, with manufacturing sector having relatively greater impact than ICT sector. Lastly, the results of the analysis on the mediating effect of job satisfaction indicate that in the manufacturing sector, only a constructive thinking strategy significantly influences, showing partial mediating effects. However, in the ICT sector, no mediating effects of job satisfaction were observed for any sub-factors of self-leadership. These research findings highlight differences in the mechanisms of action of self-leadership on innovative behavior and its mediating effects between the manufacturing and ICT sectors. Furthermore, the results suggest the importance of improving organizational strategies and culture towards promoting leadership, job design, and job satisfaction, considering the characteristics of each industry and research and development organization.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.37-62
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• 2016

Two controversial issues exist in interpretation of "Force Majeure" set forth in the Article 931 (4) of the Korean Commercial Code. Firstly, its scope of application is ambiguous. Secondly, there is a concern that the "immunity" under paragraph 1 and "Force Majeure" may overlap each other. "Force Majeure" refers an event resulted from either natural disaster or 3rd-party. Meanwhile, the latter implies relatively extensive and comprehensive meaning and its interpretation may vary depends on law enforcement. In general, the aircraft accident hardly results in damage or loss to the 3rd-party. Additionally, it is worth to review newly enacted clause and to define its applicability. When the 3rd party is suffered from damage or loss incurred by any external act, it is necessary to explicit the concept of the non-contractual liabilities with respect to 3rd party. From the perspective of protecting aviation industries, the commercial aviation operator may be entitled to immunity in respect of claim for damage incurred by the event of Force Majeure. However, this approach is directly opposite to the victim's benefit and protection by the law. Therefore, the priority of the legal protection should be considered. Although the interest of the commercial aviation operator is not negligible, the protection of the law should be favorable to the 3rd party. Otherwise, the innocent party has no right to claim for damage incurred by aviation accident. Another issue is about the possibility of overlapping of the provision set forth in the paragraph 1 and 4. The former states that the liabilities shall be exempted on account of either the unsettled political or economic situation but this clause is inconsistent with the interpretation on Force Majeure under the latter. As argued above, this may include any event resulted from either political or economic account by the external influence of the 3rd party, thus these two provisions are overlapped. Consequently, in order to develop ordinances and guidelines and to ensure an equal protection to both parties, above two issues must remain open for further discussions.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.43 no.7
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• pp.609-623
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• 2010

In this paper the feedback loop mechanisms that are inherent in the management of water supply systems were identified based on the system dynamics modeling methodology. As a result, a system dynamics (SD) computer simulation model that can be used to aid efficient management of water supply systems was developed. The developed SD model can be used to predict operating conditions of water supply systems including the effects of pipe maintenance on the entire system. The developed model is consisted of water supply, pipe maintenance and water supply business finance model. The operation and maintenance data from a study water supply system were used to verify the model and to predict the past and future operating conditions of the system. The policy leverage that greatly affects the operating condition was evaluated by the sensitivity analyses for the operational indices due to changes in the exogenous variables. It was found that while the pipe maintenance related exogenous variables had great effects on the leakage and conditions of pipes, they did not have great effects on the major operational indices such as revenue water ratio. It is considered that the social costs due to leaks and pipe breaks and the corresponding mechanism of propagation of the costs must be modeled to better evaluate the effects of pipe maintenance on the operational conditions of water supply systems.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.302-309
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• 2017

If a hydrogen explosion occurs in a containment building, its multiplex defense wall may be destroyed and a large amount of radioactive material may be released. The hydrogen occurred interacting with melting fuel rods must be effectively controlled and removed. however, the countermeasures for reducing explosion risk are difficult to carry out, due owing to the various variety of accident scenarios causes and the irregularity of hydrogen distribution and behavior. In this study, We examine the guide structures while considering the ambient flows, in order to improve the efficiency of PAR the widely used Passive Autocatalytic Recombiner(PAR). We simulate the fluid behavior and the hydrogen reduction rate were simulated when a guide is attached to the two-step catalyst PAR. For an upward flow, the consisting of a height of 150mm, a gap of 0mm, and a performs $60^{\circ}$ showed the best. In contrast, for a sideways flow, a consisting of the height of 150mm, a gap of 100mm, and a performs $60^{\circ}$ showed the best in the case of side ward flow. for a downward flow, a consisting of the height of 50mm and a directly attached guide produce the best in the case of down ward flow results.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.38-43
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to secure the basis for judgment on the cause of an accident by analyzing the melting characteristics of a blade type fuse used for vehicles due to overload. In order to increase the reliability of the test, it was conducted by connecting the electrical system with conditions similar to those of an actual vehicle to apply the load. Carbonization pattern experiment of fuse by outside flame applied Korean Standard (KS). The fuse melted by the overcurrent showed a smooth cross-section while the test terminals, clear plastic body, etc., burnt out by the external flame was badly deformed. When 185% of the rated current (27.8A) was applied to a cable of 15A rated current onto which an over-capacity fuse (20A) was installed, the fuse melting time was 217 seconds. In addition, when a load current of 28.8[A] (139%) was applied, the fuse's test terminal and terminal blade were not burnt out although foam was observed on some parts of the plastic body. When a load capacity of 28.2[A] (141%) was applied to a cable of 15A rated current onto which an over-capacity fuse (30A) was installed, the fuse melting time was approximately 10 seconds. When a load current of 35.8[A] (119%) was applied, the fuse's test terminal and terminal blade were not burnt out, although some parts of the plastic body was swelled. However, it was observed that the switch terminal melted if approximately six minutes lapsed under such conditions. When a load capacity of 39.4[A] (131%) was applied to a cable of 15A rated current onto which an over-capacity fuse (30A) was installed, the fuse melted in approximately 69 seconds, and the test terminal and terminal blade were not burnt.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.340-347
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• 2013

This paper studied the causes of job stress of driving crews working in Metropolitan Transit Authorities in Daejeon, Daegu, Seoul Metro Line 9, and Incheon, analyzing psychological, physical, and environmental factors, along withdriving crews' assignments. Regarding driving crews' assignments, it was found that driving crews had strong senses of obligation for their job, and hence their aptitude for their job was in accordance, and also it was found that most driving crews worked devotedly with a desirable occupational view and pride. However, psychological and physical factors that contributed to stress were identified: lack of sleep, high task burden, physical fatigue, and boring daily life. Furthermore, the driving crews' irregular working conditions and irregular meal time and burden related to on-time transit service with prolonged immobilization raised their stress levels. In terms of external environmental factors, it was found that driving crews' anxiety due to possible accidents caused a roughly four-fold increase in stress levels compared to other factors. Furthermore, personnel system and salary issue were also found to be closely related to the driving crews' job stress.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.29-34
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• 2015

Accidents in laboratory dealing with chemicals have constantly occurred. In the case of a gas explosion or an accident related to leakage of chemical materials, the damage is much greater, thereby leading to a serious accident. Especially, the safety of laboratory in University is important because students build up knowledge and skills and accumulate experience as the main researchers. In this paper, 5 gases(CO, $NH_3$, $H_2$, $CH_4$, $N_2$) are selected to model since they are often used in university laboratories. From the scenarios where the gases are released, the diffusion process is estimated and analyzed to predict damage degree by PHAST v.6.7. Internal diffusion process is modeled through FLUENT which is Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) tool. Also, we compare indoor damage with outdoor one when discharged to the outside through the laboratory's window. In the modeling results, the outdoor damages for accident scenarios in the results are far less than then of real plants since the vessel usually used in laboratory(i.e. the capacity of the cylinder; 47 L or less) is significantly less than workplace's one(using ton measure). However as shown in the results small amount can have high consequences for indoor accidents.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.80-88
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• 2016

A fire station and scuba have operated filling facilities for respiratory high-pressure cylinder without getting authority or reporting according to High-Pressure Gas Safety Control Act. They need facility improvement and special management to make provision for the time of accident during filling process. The Government have strived to correct illegal operations and suggested an alternative, establishing and operating the safety cabinet. It insures a safety being distance from danger caused by overpressure and a safety provoked by the protective wall equals or superiors. The safety cabinet is required to have an internal structure that smoothly distribute overpressure at the time of rupture. Plus, it needs to minimize fragments. It is also equipped with the performance of protective wall that makes overpressure to outside vent on the place where there is no person (top or bottom). This study calculated the consequence of physical explosion damage and built a prototype of safety cabinet. In addition, through the gas burst test, it derives for the ways to mitigate the physical explosion damage.