• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.21-30
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to evaluate human thermal comfort in summer by the type of greenery in parks and to explore planning solutions to supply a comfortable thermal environment in parks. The research was conducted in three different land cover types: a park with multi-wide-canopied trees(WOODLAND), park with grass(LAWN) and park with pavement(PAV) as reference sites in Hamyang-Gun SangrimPark. Field measurements of air temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity, short-wave and long-wave radiation from six directions(east, west, north, south, upward and downward) were carried out in the summer of 2014(August 21-23 and 29-30). Mean Radiant Temperature($T_{mrt}$) absorbed by a human-biometeorological reference person was estimated from integral radiation and the calculation of angular factors. The thermal comfort index PET was calculated by Rayman software, UTCI, OUT_SET$^*$ were calculated using the UTCI Calculator and the Thermal Comfort Calculator of Richard DeDear. The results showed that the WOODLAND has the maximum cooling effect during daytime, reduced air temperatures/$T_{mrt}$ by up to $5.9^{\circ}C/35^{\circ}C$ compared to PAV and lowered heat stress values despite increasing relative humidity values and decreasing wind velocity. While the LAWN had very slight cooling effects during daytime, reduced air temperatures/$T_{mrt}$ by up to $0.9^{\circ}C/3^{\circ}C$ compared to PAV, the improvement effects of the thermal comfort index was very slight. However, during nighttime the microclimatic and radiant conditions of WOODLAND, LAWN, and PAV were similar owing to the absence of solar radiation, reduction of wind velocity and an increase in relative humidity. Because the shading and evapotranspiration effects of the WOODLAND were much greater than the evapotranspiration effects of the LAWN, it can be said that the solutions for supplying comfortable thermal environment in parks are to amplify the green volumes rather than green areas. This study was undertaken to evaluate the human thermal comfort in summer of WOODLAND/LAWN parks and to determine the improvement effects of thermal comfort index. These results can contribute to the provision better thermal comfort for park users during park planning.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.67-73
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• 2010

As more and more people desire to live in an apartment complex with a comfortable outdoor space, many construction company became interested in outdoor design. In order to increase the use of outdoor space and create the most pleasant environment, outdoor thermal environment and comfort should be evaluated quantitatively from the design stage. This study utilized ENVI-met 3.1 model to analyze outdoor thermal environment in apartment complex, and evaluated outdoor thermal comfort in 6 points of apartment complex. The physiologically equivalent temperature(PET) was employed as a outdoor thermal index. Playground B had a poor thermal environment with the maximum PET $43^{\circ}C$ (Very hot). Because shading by building and tree didn't affect outdoor thermal environment of playground B. To design comfortable outdoor space from the view point of thermal environment, the factors influencing Mean radiant temperature(MRT) and wind speed should be considered in design stage. Since it is difficult to control outdoor thermal environment compared with indoor environment, we should take into account an assessment for outdoor thermal environment and comfort in outdoor design stage.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.39-45
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• 2001

본고에서는 천장형 냉난방기기가 중규모공간에 적용될 때의 온열환경적 쾌적성을 확보하기 위한 기술연구 동향과 아울러 중규모공간에 설치된 경우에 대한 온도 및 기류분포를 사례를 통하여 적용성에 대하여 평가하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.83-87
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• 1998

생활수준의 향상으로 에어컨의 보급이 확대되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 에어컨의 실내 온열환경 형성에서 가장 큰 부분을 차지하는 기류에 대한 온열쾌적감 평가를 하고자 하였다. 기존 에어컨의 기류조성방법은 주로 풍향을 변화시키는 것과 풍량을 변화시키는 것이었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 에어컨의 베인 조작으로 기류감을 향상시키고 실내의 상하온도차를 최소화 할 수 있는 새로운 에어컨기류(감성기류)와 이미 제품화 되어있는 에어컨 기류와의 비교를 통해 가장 쾌적하고 편안한 에어컨기류를 찾고자 하였다. 31명의 피험자 체감실험을 통하여 감성기류, 풍량변화기류, 풍향변화기류의 전신온냉감 및 불쾌감을 비교한 결과 새로운 에어컨 기류인 감성기류가 전신온냉감 및 쾌불쾌감 측면에서 양호한 기류로 평가되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.231-232
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to measure and evaluate the thermal conditions of large cruiser's cabin. As the result of this study, followings are cleared. The air volume supplied to the 2 types of cabins is quite diffenrent. Temperature differences in the Room A which is located A deck and supplied enough air volume is stable all around the cabin. But Room B which is located B deck and supplied comparatively small air volume has temperature distribution problems, like time-dependent differences, vertical differences. To serve more comfort and productivity of Room B, it is strongly recommended to do a T.A.B.(Testing, Adjusting and Balancing) for more air volume and/or to design new air flow path to make air stay longer.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.125-131
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• 2005

This study identified satisfaction with gas heating and indoor thermal environment, targeting houses using gases for heating. 1) Thermal environment is relatively satisfactory except that indoor humidity is low. 2) A question that indoor temperature has to be decreased for saving energy was given and about two thirds of the respondents answered that temperature has to be lowered. When they were asked how to save energy 57% answered that they put on more clothes and 27% answered that they lower indoor temperature If consistent promotion on energy saving is implementer it's believed that energy can be effectively saved. 3) People wear simple clothes when they stay indoor because they think it is comfortable. However, for energy saving. they gave to wear warm clothes though they stay indoor.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.112 no.4
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• pp.544-553
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to reveal the thermal comfort and physiological and psychological effects of spending time in broad-leaved forests in suumer. Thirty-one university students (with an average age of 21.4 ± 2.1 years) participated in the study, and a within-subjects experimental design methodology was used. The participants moved to an experimental site (with a crown closure of 76.6%) or a control site (25.9%), sat on a chair to eliminate the impact of movement, and rested for 5 minutes with closed eyes. At this time, thermal comfort, heart rate variability, heart rate, and forehead temperature were continuously measured. After that, blood pressure and pulse rate were measured, and a subjective evaluation was conducted. As a result, spending time at an experimental site showed a statistically significant decrease in the predicted mean vote and the percentage of dissatisfied values, enhancement of parasympathetic nerve activity, decrease of forehead temperature, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, pulse rate, and improvement of personal thermal sensation (thermal sensation vote and comfort sensation vote). In conclusion, it was found that a forest with high crown closure reduces thermal stress and induces physiological and psychological relaxation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.5-8
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• 1999

동일부지내에 설치된 각 단동하우스에 무가온 상태 및 심야전력 전기히터, 온풍난방기를 각각 설치하여, 동절기 시설원예용 하우스의 온열환경, 난방방식별 에너지 소비특성, 난방효율에 대해서 검토하였다. 동절기 하우스의 벽체, 지붕을 통해 유출되는 관류열량을 정량적으로 계산하므로서, 하우스의 단열계획과 효율적 난방방식의 선정 및 난방에너지 절약을 유도할 수 있는 기초데이터를 제시하고자 한다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.105-110
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• 1999

여러 종류의 작업장은 생산공정상의 필요나 일기변화에 따가 온습조건에 많은 차이가 있으며, 인체에 불리한 열환경조건이 조성되는 경우가 있다. 일반적으로 열피로(heat stress)와 열장애(heat strain)는 근로자의 안전과 보건을 평가하는데 필요하며, 열피로는 열적영향을 발생시키는 원인을 말하고, 열장애는 열에 의해 발생되는 결과로서 생리적인 부하를 의미하게 된다. 신체내부에서 발생되는 열은 열피로의 한가지 형태이고, 따라서 이것을 측정하는 것은 아주 본질적인 사항이다. (중략)

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.1170-1177
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to measure and analyze the indoor thermal conditions in the spring of a korean coastal passenger ship which is 590-passenger Ro-Pax type built at 1997. Especially this study has focussed on the relations between the diffuser open ratio, which can be controlled by 12 steps, and the comfort. Followings are the results of this study. (1) The supply air volume to cabins are maximum 4.3 and 2 times more than design quantity when the diffusers in cabins are open 100% and 50%, respectively. (2) Regardless of diffuser open ratio, the supply air maintains constantly high temperature and below 10% of relative humidity through the experimental days. (3) All the cabins are not satisfied with the ASHRAE comfort criterion at the condition of 100% and 50% of diffuser open ratio, because of high temperature and low relative humidity. (4) At a low diffuser open ratio, number of cabins which satisfy the ASHRAE comfort criterion are increased. (5) Humidifying and dehumidifying, and hvac control system of each cabin must be reviewed and studied at the view of passengers to service more comfort environments.