• 농촌계획
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.131-142
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• 2016

Urban agriculture, which can be defined as agriculture performed in a city, is suggested as an alternative solution to restore deserted community and expand green land in city area through cultivation activities. In Korea, 'Urban Agriculture Promotion and Support Act' was enforced from May 2012. In addition, in the same year, Seoul Metropolitan Government declared 'the beginning of urban agriculture era,' established municipal ordinance, and increased budget to actively support urban agriculture. As a result, urban agriculture practices have been increasing every year. Yet, the way of developing urban agriculture in a uniform way of expanding green land has led to difficulties of securing proper spaces. Accordingly, 'roof top' spaces have gained attention. This study analyzes rooftop garden, one of the spaces of carrying out urban agriculture, from the publicness perspective. The study selected a case study of a public rooftop garden in Mullae-dong, Yeongdeungpo-gu, investigated present conditions and usage features of the garden, and explored the conditions to be a 'public' roof top garden. Through theoretical analysis, both physical and non-physical indicators were derived for analysis framework; physical aspects- accessibility, locality, openness, comfortness, and non-physical aspects- subjectivity, cooperativeness, and a sense of community. The results of this study are as follows. First, openness and locality scores were the highest, and comfortness scored the lowest, in ensuring the publicness of Mullae roof top garden. Second, non-physical indicators had stronger effect than physical indicators on rooftop garden users' awareness on publicness and building a garden community. In conclusion, in order to vitalize roof top garden, users should be engaged from the very first planning stage of building a garden, opening hours should not be limited, and more importance should be put on users to subjectively manage the operation of rooftop garden than merely creating a physical environment.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.901-910
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• 2002

This study is to classify somatotypes of the upper class boys in elementary school. The study is conducted through anthoropometric measurements and photometric measurements. The subjects are 320 boys in the age group of 10 to 11 years old. The following conclusions are drawn from this study. 1. The height items are increased along with age increase. The increases in the factors, which specify vertical sizes such as height and length, are a little larger than those of breadth, depth, and girth, which specify ; horizontal sizes. 2. The factor analysis on anthropometric measurements and photometric measurements reveals five somatic composition factors and those factors comprised 79.60% of total variance. 3. The torso shapes of the upper class boys in elementary school are classified into three categories. The first type is taller and heavier than the average elementary school upper class boys and has the highest rising shoulders. The shape of the back is about average and the chest is developed above average. The curvature of the lower back is gentle and lower abdomen protrudes the most of the three types. The second type is tall and slightly heavier than average and shoulders are raised a little. The shoulder blades protrude about average and the curvature of lower back is the most developed of all. The cheat is developed about average and the abdomen is a little protruding. The third type is the most common with the smallest height of the three and skinny with dropped shoulders. The chest is somewhat flat and the shoulder blades protrude about average.

• 분석과학
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2002

${CIO_4}^-$ 이온만을 선택적으로 감지하는 새로운 수용체가 개발되었다. $[Pd(Me_4en)(Py_2S){\cdot}2ClO_4]_4$ ($Me_4en$ = N,N,N'N'-tetraethylethylenediamine; $Py_2S$ = 4,4'-dipyridyl sulfide) 착화합물에서 주-객 화학종 간의 고감도 작용력을 연구하였다. $Py_2S$의 피리딜 기는 온도, 농도, 매개체 등에 아주 민감한 두 가지의 셋트의 $^1H$ NMR, 공명 시그날을 보여주었다. 이러한 NMR 거동을 수용액에서 고리 사합체의 양이온과 ${CIO_4}^-$ 음이온 간의 정기적 인력에 의한 평형 때문인 것으로 해석되었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.18-31
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• 2004

Ecological network can solve the ecological problems such as habitat cutting and fragmentation that are resulted from urbanization. Recently, rooftop biotope construction has been appeared as a usefull method for ecological networking in urban area. The objective of this study is to seek the possibility of rooftop greening introduction as well as to select target species for rooftop greening construction from the urban ecological network point of view. In order to select target species, we monitored two adjacent rooftop greening sites, where we found 22 species of birds and insects and 33 species of plants. We set criteria to select target species through documents research, and gave marks species according to the criteria with the help of specialists. We divided the target species into 5 groups on the basis of the 12 selecting criteria. In those two monitored rooftop greening sites, we did not find any species belong to group A, which is the best target species, but we found species belong to the other groups. Orthetrum albistylum, Sympetrum dawinianum belong to group B, which is the priority target species, 7 species besides Passer montanus, Coccinella axyridis, Agrionidae to group C, which is the possible target species, 6 species besides Atractomorpha lata to group D, which is the potential target species, and the others were found to be inadequate to the target species. We found Orthetrum albistylum, Sympetrum dawi-nianum to be the best appropriate target species in the two sites. According to the result of this study, the method of ecological network construction from the dra-gonfly habitat network point of view through the construction of rooftop habitat is ideal for Orthetrum albistylum, and Sympetrum dawinianum. For successful urban ecological network construction, selection criteria and construction techniqes & methods for rooftop habitat should be developed through future research.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2013

Many activities associated with the construction and habitation of buildings are connected with issues affecting the environment such as global warming, climate change, and consumption of valuable natural resources such as fossil fuels. To minimize negative impacts on the environment, the building industry worldwide has implemented green building practices in many countries. One of the main green strategies is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions caused by residential structures because they are most substantially connected with global warming and climate change. To determine the actual quantity of green house gas emissions caused by the construction and use of a building, it is important to analyze total greenhouse gas emissions over the life cycle of buildings including construction, operation & maintenance(O&M) and demolition stages. Many studies suggest methods to calculate greenhouse gas emissions at the construction stage, but the literature addressing greenhouse gas emissions at the O & M stage is limited. A year-long study was conducted utilizing the deterioration method to calculate greenhouse gas emissions at the O & M stage of building life for condominium types of buildings in South Korea. Through this research, it is possible to analyze greenhouse gas emissions of buildings at the O & M stage, the longest span of the life cycle, and eventually help to calculate total greenhouse gas emissions over the life cycle of the building.

• 약학회지
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2013

The Korean pharmacy education has introduced new curriculum since 2011. In the new curriculum, pharmacy students have been provided strenthen experimental education and clinical pharmacy has been more important than previous curriculum. Thus, faculties in the college of pharmacy should prepare the circumstances correlated with the changed curriculum. To accomplish successful setting, all faculty and practice experts must work together and need financial assisstant from the college. However, there are many different obstacles among 35 colleges of pharmacy in Korea. In order to narrow a gap among students and find the way to overcome it together, we studied the problem of preparation process in Korean colleges of Pharmacy. We studied the process of practical education in college of pharmacy by means of self-reporting questionnaire from November 29th 2012 to December 31th 2012. The questionaire comprised of syllabus related to clinical pharmacy, the number of professor in charge of clinical pharmacy or pharmacotherapeutics, the plan of securing faculties in the field of clinical pharmacy, the budget, site, instrument for preparing experimental education, the lesson time number of experimental education, MOU, education and treatment of preceptor in the practice site and committee of experimental education in the college. Total 21 of 35 colleges participated in this survey. They showed different composition of syllabus, budget, the circumstances of experimental education, the education and treatment of preceptor. Most colleges are unclear the site and preceptor of experimental education and they did not contract the MOU with the sites. 9 of 21 also did not have the committee of experimental education in the colleges. From 2013, some colleges of pharmacy start actual experimental education. Inadequete preparation and different quality of education can make student incomplete pharmacists, so it will be negative effect on public health. To overcome challenge and obtain desirable goal, funding/administrative assistant from the college and networking within 35 colleges of pharmacy are needed.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1469-1476
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• 2012

Hydrophilic polymer is suitable as soil conditioners for green roofs that use rainwater, due to promotion of water retention capacity as well as enhancement of the water absorbing capacity. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of different levels of hydrophilic polymer concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8% w/w) on the water holding capacity and growth response of 6 species in soils amended with hydrophilic polymer in 5 cm of soil thickness on green roofs. The results showed that the water holding capacity of the amended soil improved with increasing amount of applied polymer. The application of 0.8% w/w of the polymer increased the soil moisture by 87% compared to the control, and decreased slowly in green roofs during an arid period. The growth of Sedum spurium 'Dragon's blood' and Lampranthus spectabilis increased significantly and had greater than 60% relative coverage with higher hydrophilic polymer concentrations. However, Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii and Euonymus fortunei var. radicans had no significant differences upon change of hydrophilic polymer concentrations. In Carex kujuzana and Carex morrowii 'Aurea variegata', growth decreased with increase of hydrophilic polymer concentrations. 30 days after planting, Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii, Euonymus fortunei var. radicans, Carex kujuzana, and Carex morrowii 'Aurea variegata' died back due to lowest soil thickness (5 cm), but Sedum spurium 'Dragon's blood' and Lampranthus spectabilis had greater than 90% survival.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1979

The functional problems of the basic pattern of clothing are a matter of the first importance to clothing construction. Therefore, the ergonomic analysis of the expansion and contraction of the upper body surface, due to motion, has become required. thus in order to obtain the measurements and rate of expansion and contraction of the upper body surface following from its motions, the development figure of " Shell" and somatometry were employed. The results obtained through the investigation can be summarized as follows : 1) According to the developmental figures of "Shell" the latitudes centering around the shoulder line present contractive tendencies by arm movement. The longitudes around the center back waist length are expansive tendencies when bent forward. In the case of a 15$^{\circ}$ lean backward posture, the longitudes around the center front waist length are expansive tendencies. 2) By somatometry, the region from the scapula to the axilla point the upper back with presents the greatest expansion (more than 30%). The region from scapla to arm presents the maximum rate of contraction. In considering the longitude , under the axilla waist length and the bust point waist length generally shows the greatest rate of expansion. 3) The bust point waist length and under the axilla waist length are of great importance to the basic pattern of clothing. and have expansive tendencies(6.3cm). Among the latitudes, the upper back width has the greatest tendency for expansion (7.83 cm). 4) The region which presents the greatest rate of the expansion and contraction is in the proximity of the arm. These results testify that the amount of room of the back width must be given consideration in constructing the basic pattern of clothing.pattern of clothing.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.21-32
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• 1981

Clothing must have the individual beauty and the function that one can do one's body movement freely. therefore, from the human engineering view point, the exact measurement of the human body and the analysis of it's results must be applied to clothing because the arm works most. In this study, the skin surface of arm was investigated by shell made of Alginate of each movement. And by sometic method the rate of expansion and contraction of each section, inter-relation among the bust girth, axillary arm girth and scye girth and between the shoulder length right and the under axilla waist length were calculate4d. With these results, cap height, breadth of a sleeve and arm hole girth of existing sleeve pattern have been compared and analysed. The results are as follows; 1) According to the developmental figures of shell, the whole area change was small but that of shape was remarkable in M 4, 9, 13. The change of the Block 1 was particular. 2) Over arm length was contracted in all movements except M6 and under arm length expanded. The changes of sections a, b, c are large, while those of sections d, e are small. 3) In terms of latitudes, change of fore-arm region was small. The rate of scye girth varied from 14.3% of M13 to-5.6% of M2. The breadth of a sleeve expanded in all movements, and especially the front region expanded more than the back. 4) The relation between the shoulder length right and under axilla waist length, in all occasions, was contracted mutually, and one contracted, the other expanded. Therefore, in clothing construction when we consider the function of the arm it is better to widen the arm hole and the breadth of a sleeve at the same time than no widen the shoulder length by lowering the upper part of the upper side seam line.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.1301-1304
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• 2012

국내산 정제염, 천일염과 죽염(9회)의 pH, 무기질 성분, OH기 함량, 환원력과 DPPH 활성산소 소거 효과를 측정하였다. pH 측정에서 정제염은 약간 산성이고 천일염은 알칼리성을 나타내었고 죽염은 천일염보다 더 높은 알칼리성을 나타내었다. 미네랄 함량은 죽염의 Ca, Fe, Mn, P, S, K 함량이 정제염과 천일염보다 더 많았다. 특히 Fe은 죽염만 함유하고 K의 함량도 다른 소금보다 많이 함유하였다. FT-IR을 이용한 실험에서 OH기 함량도 죽염은 정제염과 천일염보다더 많았고 peak에 따라 정제염은 6.5배, 천일염과는 2.3배의차이가 있었다. Bioanalytical system을 이용한 소금 수용액에서 죽염의 전위 환원력은 정제염과 천일염보다 더 크게 높았다. 1~25% 농도에서 소금의 DPPH 항산화실험에서 죽염의 활성산소 소거 능력이 가장 강하게 나타났고 정제염과 천일염은 농도 증가에 따라 항산화 효과가 큰 차이가 없었다. 25% 고농도에서 정제염과 천일염의 산소 소거 기능이죽염과 16배의 차이가 나타났다. 이상의 결과로부터 죽염은 알칼리성을 띄는 소금이고 OH기 함량과 전위 환원력도 일반소금보다 현저히 높았다. 또한 이들의 화학적인 특성을 가진 죽염은 항산화 효능도 일반소금보다 크게 높았다.