• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2021

Formulations which are dispersed in water are often used in color cosmetics because they are characterized by no powder flying, not sticky, and high adherence while giving a light feeling of use. However, little research has been considered on the effect of the pigment on the above formulations used in color cosmetics. In this study, experiments were conducted to measure and analyze the effect of pigments on the formulation of pigments, organic pigments, and pearl polish, which are mainly used in the manufacture of color cosmetics, on appearance changes, pH changes, and photometric stability. Carmine or ferric ferrocyanide coated titanium dioxide mica-based pigments were not suitable for use due to poor photostability, with colors appearing on the surface from low viscosity formulations. Organic pigments had a good photostability of 1% of the formulation which are dispersed in water, but were not suitable for use because they came out of color on the water surface and did not spread well due to the clumping of powders. The titanium dioxide mica system pigments coated with pearl polish, inorganic pigments, and iron oxide were suitable for use due to their excellent appearance and optical stability in the formulation. Furthermore, the pH of all samples distributed by each pigment seems to be within the range of 3.0 to 9.0, which is suitable for cosmetic applications. This is expected to help manufacture color cosmetics with a stable water dispersible formulations by selecting and using stable pigments in anticipation of the behavior of pigments in the formulations.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.175-186
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• 2022

A crossed occlusion resulting from the presence of posterior teeth in one arch but no opposing teeth in the opposite arch results in collapse of the vertical dimension. In this case, the patient has a class III malocclusion with crossed occlusion and anterior crossbite. In order to evaluate the proper vertical dimension, provisional denture was used to stabilize the vertical occlusal dimension for 3 months. After, provisional fixed restoration was used for the stabilizing occlusal relationship and aesthetic improvement for lip support. Definitive prosthesis in implants in the mandible and abutments in the maxillary were using Porcelain-fused-to-metal crown (PFM) crown and the maxillary unilateral edentulous area was treated with removable partial dentures. Through this, proper support of the posterior region and normal anterior occlusal relationship were formed, and the patient was able to obtain aesthetically and functionally satisfactory treatment results.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.767-785
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• 2021

World-class magnesite deposits are developed in the Dashiqiao mineralized district of the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt in China. This belt extends to the northern side of the Korean Peninsula and hosts major magnesite deposits in the Dancheon region of North Korea. Magnesite ores from the Pailou deposits in the Dashiqiao district is classified into pure magnetite, chlorite-magnetite, chlorite-talc-magnetite, and dolomite groups depending on the constituent minerals. According to the result of petrographic study, magnesite was formed by the alteration of dolomite, and, talc, chlorite, and apatite were produced as late-stage alteration minerals that replaced the magnesite. Fluid inclusions observed in magnesite are a liquid-type inclusion, with a homogenization temperature of 121-250 ℃ and a salinity of 1.7-22.4 wt% NaCl equiv. The chlorite geothermometer, indicating the temperature of hydrothermal alteration, is 137~293 ℃, slightly higher than the homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions, and the pressure is calculated to be less than 3.2 kb. For magnesite mineralization in the study area, the initially formed-dolomite was subjected to replacement by Mg-rich fluid to form a magnesite ore body, and then it was enriched through regional metamorphism and hydrothermal alteration. It seems that altered minerals such as talc were crystallized by Si and Al-rich late-stage hydrothermal fluids. These results are similar to the genetic environments of the Daeheung deposit, a representative magnesite deposit in North Korea, and it is believed that the two deposits went through a similar geological and ore genetic process of magnesite mineralization.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2021

Objectives This study aimed to assess the role of complex Korean medicinal treatment with Chuna manual therapy in two patients with chronic pain after posterior lumbar fusion surgery. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 2 patients postoperatively based on their medical records. The surgery regions were verified using T2-weighted axial magnetic resonance imaging. Patients with chronic pain after spondylolisthesis posterior lumbar fusion surgery received complex Korean medicinal treatment with Chuna manual therapy during hospitalization. Numeric rating scale (NRS) in the degree of 0-10 and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were measured before and after treatment. Results Case 1 had an improved NRS score from 7 to 4, and Case 2 had an improved NRS score from 7 to 5. In addition, ODI score improved in both cases. Conclusions Complex Korean medicinal treatment with Chuna manual therapy is effective for relief from chronic pain after posterior lumbar fusion surgery.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.381-386
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the conditions for improving space use and satisfaction by examing the behavior, focusing on the senior center, one of the leisure welfare facilities for the older adults. An online survey was conducted on 300 older adults aged 65 years old (104 males, 196 females) who had experience using senior centers. The results are as follows. First, the frequency of use per older adults was 1-3 times a month the most, and the preferred frequency of use was 1-3 times a week. The results showed that they wanted to use the Senior center frequently, but they could not use it often. Considering the high preference for health promotion activity programs in senior centers, it is understood that the use of space programs for health promotion can be increased if provided. Second, as the usage time per route ranges from a minimum of 1 hour to a maximum of 5 hours, it is considered that satisfaction and usability can be improved if a space to support various personal activities is provided. Third, it is considered to be helpful to improve the program or space composition that can strengthen friendship or improve accessibility by appearing as difficulties in friendship and accessibility for the reasons not used per senior citizen.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.319-328
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between depression due to the COVID-19 pandemic and park use behaviors using on line posts. During the period of the pandemic prevention activities, text data containing both 'park' and 'depression' were collected from blogs and cafes in the search engine of Naver and Daum, then analyzed using Text Mining and Social Network techniques. As a result, the main usage behaviors of park users who mentioned depression were 'look', 'stroll(walk)' and 'eat'. Other types of behaviors were connected centering around 'look', one of the communication behaviors. Also, from CONCOR analysis, as the cluster referred from communication behavior and dynamic behavior was formed as a single behavior type, it was considered park users with depression perceived the park as the space for communication and physical activities. As the spread of COVID-19 caused the restriction of communication activities, the users might consider parks as one of the solutions. In addition, it was considered that passive usage behaviors have prevailed rather than active ones due to the depression. Resulting outcomes would be useful to plan helpful urban park for citizens. It is necessary to further analyze the park use behavior of users in relation to the period of before/after the COVID-19 pandemic and the existence/nonexistence of depression.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 2022

Objectives Objective of this study is to investigate the role of paraspinal muscles by examining the correlation between slip percentage (SP) of spondylolisthesis and fatty infiltration of lumbar paraspinal muscle. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on 45 patients diagnosed with spondylolisthesis based on medical records. Using T2-weighted axial magnetic resonance imaging, cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of psoas major (PM), multifidus (MU) and erector spinae (ES) were calculated and divided by CSA of lower level vertebral body (VB). SP was measured using sagittal T2-weighted images. Correlation of SP with muscle relative cross-sectional area (RCSA) and muscle fatty infiltration by Goutallier classification was respectively analyzed using Spearman correlation. Statistic assessment conducted by Wilcoxon signed rank test and paired t-test using program GraphPad prism 5 (GraphPad Software, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Results Spondylolisthesis forward slip percentage by Taillard's method was negatively associated with both side MU RCSAs. No significant correlation was found between PM RCSA, ES RCSA and SP. Forward slippage was significantly correlated with fatty infiltration of lumbar paraspinal muscle measured by Goutallier classification. Conclusions This study is to understand the role of paraspinal muscle affecting spinal instability by investigating correlation between statistical deviation of lumbar muscle characters (RCSA, fatty infiltration of lumbar muscle) and SP. We found that spondylolisthesis SP is positively related to fatty infiltration of lumbar paraspinal muscle. and is negatively associated with both side MU RCSAs.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.179-186
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• 2021

Manipulation of complex objects with an anthropomorphic robot hand like a human hand is a challenge in the human-centric environment. In order to train the anthropomorphic robot hand which has a high degree of freedom (DoF), human demonstration augmented deep reinforcement learning policy optimization methods have been proposed. In this work, we first demonstrate augmentation of human demonstration in deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is effective for object manipulation by comparing the performance of the augmentation-free Natural Policy Gradient (NPG) and Demonstration Augmented NPG (DA-NPG). Then three DRL policy optimization methods, namely NPG, Trust Region Policy Optimization (TRPO), and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), have been evaluated with DA (i.e., DA-NPG, DA-TRPO, and DA-PPO) and without DA by manipulating six objects such as apple, banana, bottle, light bulb, camera, and hammer. The results show that DA-NPG achieved the average success rate of 99.33% whereas NPG only achieved 60%. In addition, DA-NPG succeeded grasping all six objects while DA-TRPO and DA-PPO failed to grasp some objects and showed unstable performances.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.504-512
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• 2021

Sperm formation disorders and sperm quality degradation comprises the largest proportion of male infertility caused by TCDD. To solve this problem, this study examined the effects of Gobonyangjeonbang oriental medicine prescription on the endocrine function and reproductive toxicity-related indicators in rat-induced TCDD-induced reproductive. Male SD rats were divided into five groups of seven animals and tested. The normal control group was administered the vehicle and saline, the TCDD alone group was administered intraperitoneally with TCDD (2 ㎍/kg, weeks) and physiological saline, and the test group was administered orally by dividing GYB (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg) into three concentrations for six weeks. Weight loss was observed in all groups administered TCDD. Regarding the hormonal changes, a significant decrease in free testosterone was observed in the GYB 300 mg/kg group (p<0.01). In addition, some of the germ cell destruction, seminiferous tubular atrophy, and decrease in sperm count was improved in a concentration-dependent manner in the testicular tissue of the GYB-treated group. In addition, Johnsen's score and serotoli cell index (SCI) were improved in a concentration-dependent manner (p<0.05). Overall, GYB can be used in drug therapy rather than medical procedures to solve male infertility in the future.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.179-191
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• 2021

Social anxiety continues due to the emergence and spread of covid-19 infections. In this situation, false information related to the covid-19 infection is distributed through SNS in the form of fake news, which is a stumbling block to overcoming the national crisis. This study tried to present a theoretical basis for the establishment of policies for the regulation and eradication of fake news circulated through SNS by examining the effect of social anxiety on the fake news acceptance attitude by focusing on the use degree of SNS. For this study, a survey of 380 university students in the Seoul metropolitan area was conducted, and 336 data collected among them were analyzed as SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 23.0. According to the analysis results, social anxiety has a positive effect on the fake news acceptance attitude and the use degree of SNS, also the use degree of SNS has a positive effect on the fake news acceptance attitude. In addition, social anxiety has been confirmed to have a positive effect on fake news acceptance attitude through the use degree of SNS. These results empirically confirm the relationship between social anxiety, fake news acceptance attitude, and the use degree of SNS.