• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.51-52
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• 2018

Out of 60 quarantine insect pests in Korea, 42 species are classified into tephritid fruit flies. Most of these fruit flies are attracted to two natural products, methyl eugenol (ME) or raspberry ketone. Paraffin wax has been devised to formulate these lures. The formulated lures were applied to field test in Taiwan to attract quarantine fruit flies. Wax-ME formulation was installed in Delta trap and could attract 60-80 males of B. dorsalis per day during late August, while a wax formulation of Cue-lure (a methylated compound of raspberry ketone) attracted both B. cucurbitae and B. tau. These wax formulations can be applied to monitor these three quarantine species in Korea.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.185-190
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• 2018

Monitoring exotic fruit flies is essential for quarantine procedure. Wax formulation containing fruit fly lures is relatively long-lasting in field conditions and has been applicable to monitor the fruit flies. This study was performed to extend the application of wax formulation against different fruit flies. The wax formulation containing lures was tested in Thailand, at which various exotic fruit flies inhabited. Captured flies were identified to be Bactrocera dorsalis, Zeugodacus cucurbitae, and Zeugodacus caudata by molecular diagnosis technique.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.289-294
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• 2017

The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, has been designated as a main quarantine insect pest. Sensitive monitoring and diagnosis against B. dorsalis are required for early quarantine treatment. This study formulated a wax type dispenser containing methyl eugenol and biopesticide to attract and kill this insect. It also developed diagnostic PCR primers against five major quarantine fruit flies of B. dorsalis, B. cucurbitae, B. tryoni, B. latifrons, and Ceratitis capitata. The lure and diagnostic primers were evaluated in a field located in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.131-137
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• 2023

The striped fruit fly, Zeugodacus scutellata (Diptera: Tephritidae), is one of important pests in Cucurbitaceae plants. The cuelure is currently using with various forms for surveillance to the Z. scutellata male as well as Z. cucurbitae, Z. tau, and Bactrocera tryoni, which are categorized as prohibited-quarantine fruit flies in Korea. This study was conducted to verify the attraction effect of applying the cuelure in different forms in field conditions. In this study, we used cuelure by 3 different forms as solid, liquid, and wax to striped fruit flies using the Steiner trap. The trap was placed in two Jeju and one Gyeongbuk regions and the number of attracted flies by each cuelure form is monitored by every 2 weeks during 2021. Attraction effect on Z. scutellata was significant difference by different cuelure forms in two Jeju regions. Liquid and wax forms of cuelure showed high attraction number to the Z. scutellata male compared with solid form when flies were occurred with high population from July to August in Jeju. However, there was no significant difference on attraction effect at low population in Juju and Gyeongbuk by different forms. Based on field assay, liquid and wax form of cuelure are recommended for surveillance against Z. scutellata male. Furthermore, these results also strongly suggest that the attractant, liquid and wax forms of cuelure, could be effective for surveillance to quarantine fruit flies such as Z. cucurbitae, Z. tau, and B. tryoni in Korea.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 2019

This study analyzed genetic variation of the Oriental fruit fly (OFF), Bactrocera dorsalis, which is designated to be a quarantine insect pest in Korea. OFF samples endemic to Taiwan were collected at three different locations (Taipei, Taichung, and Kaohsiung) for three days from July 30 to August 1 in 2018 and assessed in their age and mitochondrial DNA sequence variations. In these places, 1,085 OFF males were collected using methyl eugenol lure while 30 males of Zeugodacus cucurbitae and one male of Bactrocera tau were collected using Cuelure. A protein diet lure attracted 6 flies including one OFF and 5 flies of Z. cucurbitae. Male heads of OFF contained pterin, which increased in contents with age from 32 to $59{\mu}g/head$. There was a local variation in pterin amounts in OFF heads, in which Kaohsiung population had lower amounts of pterin than Taipei and Taichung populations. Genetic distance among these three populations were measured by random amplified polymorphic DNA and showed that Taipei population was separated from Taichung/Kaohsiung cluster. Genetic variation was also analyzed in sequence variations in cytochrome oxidase I (CO-I) and NADH dehydrogenase I (ND-I). There was 7.8% variation in CO-I sequence (360 residues) and 6.6% variation in ND-I sequence (213 residues). These polymorphic sites are proposed to be used to develop SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) markers characteristic to Taiwan OFF populations.