• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.362-362
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• 2019

제주도는 화산섬의 지질특성상 지표수의 개발이용여건이 취약한 관계로 용수의 대부분을 지하수에 의존하고 있다. 따라서 제주도는 정책 및 연구적으로 오랜 기간 동안 지하수의 보전관리에 많은 노력을 기울여 오고 있다. 하지만 최근 기후변화로 인한 지하수위의 하강 및 해수면 상승으로 인한 해수침투의 문제가 꾸준히 제기되고 있으며, 제주도 일부지역에서는 축산폐수 등으로 인해 지하수의 수질오염문제가 발생하고 있다. 따라서 제주도 지하수의 수량 및 수질에 대한 체계적인 관리의 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 지하수에 절대적으로 의존하고 있는 제주도의 수자원의 개발 및 이용 여건을 고려할 때, 지하수의 수량 및 수질에 대한 학술적 토대가 확고히 구축되어야 할 뿐만 아니라 기후변화에 대응한 최적 물관리기법의 개발이 필요한 실정이다. 하지만 제주도의 수자원에 대한 기존의 연구들은 제주도 전역에 대해 최신의 분석방법을 사용한 종합적인 연구가 아닌 일부지역을 대상으로 한 지하지질분석, 지구물리탐사 및 대수성시험 위주의 단편적 분석, 개념적 수문모델의 적용에 의한 대략적인 분석, 또는 일부지역을 대상으로 한 지하수 흐름분석 및 해수침투 분석 위주로 수행되었다. 이러한 기존의 연구들은 여러 가지 문제점을 내포하고 있는데 첫째, 일부지역의 지하지질이 제주도의 복잡한 지하지질특성을 대표할 수 없다는 점과 둘째, 개념적 수문모델은 제주도와 같이 강우의 큰 시공간적 변동성을 고려할 수 없으며 지하지질 특성의 공간적 변동성 또한 적절히 반영할 수 없다는 점 및 셋째, 지하수의 이동은 유역경계와 일치하지 않으므로 독립된 소유역을 대상으로 산정한 지하수 부존량은 소유역내 실제 지하수 부존량과 다를 수 있다는 점 그리고 마지막으로 개별적으로 수행된 지표수, 지하수 및 수질 분석들은 서로 연결성이 없어 이들 간의 상호작용을 고려하지 않아 그 결과의 신뢰성이 떨어진다는 점 등이다. 이러한 제주도에 대한 기존 연구들의 한계점을 극복하기 위해서는 제주도 전역에 대한 종합적인 연구가 필요하다. 이를 위한 방안으로서 제주도 전체를 대상으로 한 최신의 분포형 수문모델의 구축이 필요하며 이 수문모델은 지표수 및 지하수의 상호작용과 해수침투 및 수질 또한 모의할 수 있어야 할 것이다. 그리고 이 개발된 모형과 기후변화 시나리오를 사용하여 미래 수자원변화에 대한 대응이 필요하다. 이에 대한 해외연구사례로서 미국지질조사국이 하와이 섬들 및 괌 등에 대해 수행했던 연구들을 참고할 수 있다. 제주도 전체에 대한 신뢰할만한 종합적인 분석결과는 제주도 수자원의 정책수립에 기초로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2011

A study on the occurrence and movement of marine debris is required for protecting the marine environment and ecosystem from marine pollution. The aim of this study is to show annual production and movement characteristics through analysis for the flow path, composition and the sources of marine debris. This study analyzed the distribution and characteristics of marine debris collected in the region of $100\;m{\times}20\;m$($=2,000\;m^2$) at the Daekwang Beach in the Yellow Sea. During the collection period from 2008 to 2010, the total weight of the marine debris was 1,445 kg in this site. The most marine debris was plastic amounting to 46.5% of the whole collection; the rest were styrofoam(20%) and wooden material(12.6%). The amount of marine debris mused from foreign country observed 155.5 kg, more than 90% of them was plastic came from China such as buoys. Additionally, this study analyzed seasonal change if marine environment to understand occurrence amount change if marine debris. 2009 and 2010 was high occurrence ratio in season that the north wind is very strong and the occurrence rate appeared highest by 40% in the summer(July) of 2008 that appeared westbound tidal current. Overall, marine Debris mused from foreign country was high occurrence ratio in January, May and then November has a lot of quantity secondly. While, occurrence ratio was the highest by 46% summer(July) in 2008, but in 2009 and 2010 showed the lowest rate to 4%.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.3-13
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• 2001

It has been known that nonlinear characteristics of sorption affect the transport behavior of water soluble pollutants in soils. However detailed experimental studies have not been performed to verify the effect of non-linearity of adsorption isotherm on transport of chemicals in porous media. In this research, the distortion of breakthrough curves of a cationic surfactant (cetylpyridinium chloride, CPC) in a engineered stainless steel column packed with glass beads were investigated. Glass beads with about 110 $\mu\textrm{m}$diameter coated with a thin n-decane film were used as the media providing the sorption surface for CPC. The CPC adsorption isotherm on the surface of n-decane from aqueous solution was a typical Langmuir type. The breakthrough curve of CPC using step Input showed a late breakthrough on the front side and early breakthrough on the back side accordance to the shape of the isotherm. The retardation factor of CPC was found to be a strong function of the input concentration, which also a manifestation of the non-linearity of the isotherm. The retardation factors for the CPC with step input agreed with those of pulse input that the maximum concentrations are controlled to be the same as the step input concentrations. This results support the validity of the unproven field practices of using hydrogeotracers with non-linear adsorption isotherms to determine the hydrogeological parameters, e.g., NAPL saturation, air-water or NAPL-water interfacial areas.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.587-604
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• 2007

In order to investigate the vertical variations and speciations of trace elements, and their correlations in Hoidong reservoir, sediment cores (21-41 cm below surface) and interstitial water samples were collected from five sampling locations. The total average concentrations of trace metals in sediment core samples were $232{\pm}30.8mg/kg$ for Zn, $119{\pm}272mg/kg$ for Cu, $58.4{\pm}4.1mg/kg$ for Pb, $15.7{\pm}3.3mg/kg$ for Ni and $1.6{\pm}0.3mg/kg$ for Cd. The total concentrations of trace metals in core sediments generally decreased toward the center of the Hoidong reservoir. The total concentrations of Mn, Pb and Zn decreased with depth for all the sample locations, while Cu and Fe concentrations increased. The trace metal concentrations of interstitial water sample were in the order of Fe>Mn>Cu>Zn, but Cd, Ni and Pb were not detected. The concentrations of Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn in the interstitial water samples showed a tendency of increasing toward the bottom of the core, suggesting a possible upward diffusion. This migration of trace metals may lead to their transfer to the sediment-water interface. These trace elements would be subsequently fixed onto amorphous Fe and Mn-oxides and carbonates in the topmost layer of sediment. Based on the $K_D$ values, the relative mobilities of the studied metals were in the order of Mn>Cu>Zn>Fe. Geochemical partitioning confirmed that surface enrichment by trace metals mainly resulted from a progressive increase of the concentrations in the fractions II and III. Copper, Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations of interstitial water were closely correlated with their exchangeable fractions of sediments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.188-193
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• 1999

Transport of pollutants in aquifer largely depends on groundwater flow which is governed by aquifer hydraulic parameters. Determination of these parameters and associated groundwater modeling become essential for adequate remediation of contaminate groundwater. The objective of this paper is to analyze groundwater flow and determine the optimum hydraulic parameters by performing groundwater modeling based on sensitivity analysis for unconfined sandy gavel aquifer constructed in a laboratory scale under various boundary condition. Results revealed that the simulated drawdown was lower than the observed drawdown irrespective of boundary conditions. and specific yield (S$_{y}$) had less effect on the grondwater flow than permeability (K) in the aquifer. Water balance analysis showed that the measured drawdown in neighboring observation wells during pumping was higher than either simulated or recovered water table. The indicated that a difference might exist in the water tables between aquifer and wells. The difference was investigated by time domain reflectometry (TDR) measurements on water contents in the region of water table and capillary fringe, and explained by a delayed response of water table during gravitational drainage as the water table was lowered as a result of pumping.g.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 2011

Removal of dissolved selenium by D. michiganensis, a iron-reducing bacterium, and effects of dissolved metal elements such as iron, sulfate, and copper were investigated. Selenide that was reduced from selenite (2 mM) by D. michiganensis was gradually removed from the aqueous medium. As the reduced selenide was combined with aqueous iron, it was precipitated as a nanoparticulate iron-selenide. Sulfate and copper negatively affected the microbial selenite reduction, and the copper was especially toxic to the bacterium, inhibiting a microbial removal of dissolved selenite. These results show that it should be carefully biotreated for a selenium-contaminated site considering in situ sulfate or copper distribution and concentration. Consequently, the formation of iron-selenide by bacteria will be an important measure for preventing a long-distance migration of selenium in the subsurface environments.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.72-77
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• 2010

Honeycomb core structure with its excellent stiffness and strength is being utilized in many fields such as interior building material. Because it is inexpensive and renewable, honeycomb paper production is economically and environmentally helpful. However, the paper needs to be fireproofed because it is vulnerable to fire. In this study, we have undergone the performance evaluation process of the honeycomb paper which is widely used as interior material of a fire door and packing material. Four kinds of honeycomb (a honeycomb made of flame-resistant paper; a honeycomb attached with conventional flame-resistant film made in the laboratory; honeycomb impregnated with flame retardant; a honeycomb attached with flame-resistant film after impregnating fire retardant) were used in the study to compare the fire retardant performance. As a result, the honeycomb with impregnated flame retardant showed the highest performance. The flame-resistant film was effective in delaying the igniting time but had a negative effect on the rate of heat and smoke production.

• Clean Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2012

Cleaning procedure of solar silicon wafer, following ingot sawing process in solar cell production is studied. Types of solar silicon wafer can be divided into monocrystalline or multicrystalline, and slurry sawn wafer or diamond sawn wafer according to the ingot growing methods and the sawing methods, respectively. Wafer surface and contaminants can vary with these methods. The characterisitics of contaminants and wafer surface are investigated for each cleaning substrate, and appropriate cleaning agents are developed. Physical properties and cleaning ability of the cleaning agents are evaluated in order to verify the application in the industry. The wafers cleaned with the cleaning agents do not show any residual contaminants when analyzed by XPS and regular patterns are formed after texturization. Furthermore, the cleaning agents are applied in the production industry, which shows superior cleaning results compared to the existing cleaning agents.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 1995

Continuous measurements of ground-level ozone (O3) were made in five minutes intervals in the rural area of Korea from July 1993 to June 1994. This site is located in Chongwon, near latitude 36.4$^{\circ}$N, longitude 127.6$^{\circ}$E. The results show that the one-year mean value was 17 ppb, and monthly mean ranged from 6 to 47 ppb. A pronounced maximum in summer and a minimum in winter were found, and these were related to anthropogenic emission and photochemical reaction. Diurnal variations of ozone minimum at 07:00 - 08:00. During the period when ozone concentration was very high (> 80 ppb), the stable winds were from N and UW; on the other hand, when ozone concentration was very low, air movement in the large scale was from the North Pacific Ocean. This suggests that in the rural area the long range transport of anthropogenic pollutants from distant sources can contribute to the larger contribution than the generation of ozone from local sources in the rural area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.626-633
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• 2006

Bucheon city has been rapidly urbanized and steadily enlarged. Also, the city depends on groundwater as an alternative water resource. The objective of this study is to characterize the hydrogeology in this city including the recharge of groundwater and hydraulic property of an aquifer in order to investigate the chemical characteristics and contamination of groundwater in the Bucheon area. Eleven groundwater wells in the Bucheon area were selected for applying certain hydraulic tests, such as pumping and recovery tests. Theis method and Theis recovery method were used to obtain hydraulic parameters, such as hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity by applying recovery tests. The playground of school and uncovered areas layed a major function of recharging areas. The groundwater well in these areas showed high recharge, transmissivity, and hydraulic conductivity. In a downtown area, groundwaier wells showed low pumping capacity and hydraulic parameters. Groundwater samples were collected from 48 different locations in the Bucheon area and that showed very various chemical composition in groundwater Their electrical conductivity showed various ranges from 70.4 to $1,287{\mu}S/cm$. The composition more significantly affected the groundwater due to the land use and urbanization than that of the aquifer rock type.