• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.967-977
• /
• 2001

This study explored and described the living spiritual experience and was attempted to gain an understanding of spirituality. This was done by eliciting participants′ verbal descriptions of their experiences. Method: Data was obtained from in-depth interviews with one cancer patient, one pastor, and three missionaries after obtaining informed consent from each. Interviews were tape recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were analyzed using Colaizzi′s phenomenological method. Sandelowski′s evaluation criteria for qualitative research, such as reliability, suitability and auditability, were also used to establish reliability and validity of this study. Result: The five major theme clusters that designated the essence of the spiritual experience, "spiritual awareness," "interconnectedness," "love," "tran- scendent energy," "purpose and meaning in life," emerged from the analysis. Conclusion: This study revealed that spirituality was activated by awareness through introspection and interconnectedness with a Supreme Being. The interconnectedness with a Supreme Being played an important role in harmonious relationships with others and self. It also resulted in revealing the other beneticial attributes of spirituality. Love, the core concept of the interconnectedness, worked as a transcendent energy. Also, the ability to see beyond reality and resulted in finding meaning in life and accomplishing well being.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.112-115
• /
• 2003

Aggregate may limit the strength of concrete, and aggregate with undesirable properties cannot produces strong concrete. Also, the properties of aggregate greatly affect the durability and structural performance of concrete. Recently, it has increased the using of crushed aggregate for concrete due to the exhaustion of good natural aggregate. In case of Korea, in 2002, the using ration of crushed stone occupies about 97% of whole coarse aggregate, and ratio of crushed sand occupies about 18.3% of whole fine aggregate. This is a study to compare and analyze the properties of crushed aggregate for concrete to do mix proportion and improve the concrete quality. According to results, it was found that nearly all the properties of crushed aggregate satisfied with the value recommended by KS.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 2003.05a
• /
• pp.19-24
• /
• 2003

Recently, the by-product of coal ash has been increased by increase of consumption of electric power. So in view of environmental aspect, it is important to secure a reclaimed land and treatment utility for coal ash. This is an experimental study to compare and analyze the properties of high volume coal-ash concrete using the bottom ash. For this purpose, the mix proportions of concrete according to the replacement ratio of bottom ash(l0, 20, 35, 50%). And then air content, slump, compressive strength, durability test were performed. According to test results, it was found that the compressive strength of bottom ash concrete was similar to that of plain concrete(BA0). And the carbonation depth of bottom ash concrete increased as the replacement ratio of bottom ash.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.136-141
• /
• 2015

The paper presents the comparative results of NbN coatings deposited by DC and pulsed DC asymmetric bipolar magnetron sputtering systems. The results show that, with the decreasing duty cycle and increasing pulse frequency, the coating morphology changes from a columnar to a dense structure, with finer grains. The Pulsed sputtered NbN coatings showed higher hardness, higher residual stress, and smaller grain sizes than those of DC prepared NbN coatings. Moreover residual stress of pulsed sputtered NbN coatings increased on increasing pulse frequency. Meanwhile, the surface roughness decreased continuously with increasing pulsed DC frequency up to 50 kHz.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2007

Cutting movements frequently occur in sports and influence much Lower Extremity injuries. The purpose of this study was to compare joint motion of lower extremities to cutting angles and running velocities. Seven male subjects performed cutting movements to three angles($0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$). Subjects were instructed to run five meters at a speed of 2.5m/s and 4.5m/s before contacting their right foot on the force plate and then change direction to the left. The Peak hip, knee and ankle joint kinematics were influenced according to the running velocities and cutting angles. In conclusion, Fast running velocity and cutting angle will may influence on the lower extremity joint instability on real game situation.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2009

Purpose: This study was to identify the relationship between mental adjustment to cancer and anxiety. Method: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design. A total of 124 ambulatory cancer patients completed the Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation. Results: There was a significantly negative correlation between anxiety and fighting spirit which was adaptive adjustment to cancer (r=-0.29, p<0.001). However, anxiety had significantly positive correlation with helplessness/hopelessness (r=0.38, p<0.001), anxious preoccupation (r=0.55, p< 0.001), and fatalism (r=0.22, p<0.05) to cancer. Conclusion: Cancer patients' mental adjustment is correlated with the degree of the psychosocial distress. Anxious preoccupation and helplessness/hopelessness are the most maladaptive adjustments whereas fighting spirit is one of the most adaptive adjustment to cancer.

• 건강소식
• /
• v.26 no.6 s.283
• /
• pp.6-13
• /
• 2002

최근 우리나라 의료보험재정에서 구강진료비로 사용된 액수가 1990년에 1,869억원이었고, 1994년에 2,786억원, 1995년도에 3,507억원, 1998에는 5,986억원, 1999년에는 6,778억원으로 지난 10년간 계속 증가하는 양상을 보이고 있다. 그러나 치아우식증과 치주병으로 인하여 발거된 치아를 보철하는 비용은 이 치료비보다 훨씬 많을 것으로 추정되고 있어서 구강건강 관리비가 국민에게 부담이 되고 있을 것으로 추정된다. 과거부터 치아건강이 오복의 하나에 들 만큼 소중함에도 불구하고 여전히 치아우식증(충치)를 포함한 구강질환은 우리나라 사람의 다빈도 질환으로 자리 잡고 있다. 이달의 건강 길라잡이에서는 6월 9일 ‘치아의 날’에 즈음하여 일반적인 구강건강과 특히 청소년기 치아건강의 중요성을 새롭게 인식함으로써 외상으로부터 치아를 보호하여 평생 치아건강으로 적극적인 건강생활을 실천하는 계기를 마련하고자 한다.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
• /
• v.18
• /
• pp.329-334
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study is to design and manufacture a vibration exciter, which can be used in the education and research for the vibration engineering. For this purpose, a direct drive type vibration exciter is developed, which consists of a motor, an inverter, eccentric rotating sleeves and two excitation plates. Developed exciter is tested on some dynamic characteristics to evaluate its excitation performance. Test results show that the developed machine can excite bodies on the horisontal vibrating plates in x,y direction by the constant displacement amplitude in the frequency range below 50Hz, which confirm that the exciter can be used as a vibration testing machine in the low frequency range.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
• /
• no.59
• /
• pp.359-386
• /
• 2015

To date, the study of the $jh{\bar{a}}peti$ is small. "Osamnanyasinhakbiyoung" was found in the Gumamodo University in 2006, research has gained a new opportunity. The '연약(練若)' of "Osamyunyaksinhakbiyoung(오삼연약신학비용)" is an abbreviation of ara?ya should be unified in "Osamnanyasinhakbiyoung(五衫練若新學備用)". The second volume contains the following information. Since the Buddhist ritual of ordinary people, this made according to fit the rules in accordance with the environment(隨方毗尼). Obok(五服) is called according to the meaning Osam(五衫) of dressed standard. Gamguhyodangdo is to install one incense and one lanterns to illuminate their own buddha, is where enshrines the relics(śarīra). Back to the article, which should show the face bitter and sad hearts. Over white paper it should represent an article. Posts containing the meaning of the sacrifice must necessarily meant to inform heaven as articles for the dead. Such "Osamnanyasinhakbiyoung" of structure and contents of the second volume was reflected in "Sungmoonsanguicho(釋門喪儀抄)". "Osamnanyasinhakbiyoung" written intent is reflected in the prolegomena of the "Sungmoonsanguicho" it influenced $Jh{\bar{a}}peti$-Rites during the Joseon Dynasty. "Osamnanyasinhakbiyoung" of prepare after death and "Sunksiyoram(釋氏要覽)" of funeral was incorporated as "Sungmoonsanguicho". It built the $st{\bar{u}}pa$ is a symbol of tranquility achieved a kind of enlightenment. Human life ends with death, and it completed the $Jh{\bar{a}}peti$-Rites in "Sungmoonsanguicho". The significance here is in. Tying the funeral and burial in one enshrine the relics will be shown on the top by the completion of life. In particular, Kankyungdogam(刊經都監) published in the $Jh{\bar{a}}peti$-Rites "Osamnanyasinhakbiyoung" were engraved production and dissemination. That it will have another significance.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.270-277
• /
• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to identify predictors of the fighting spirit or helplessness/hopelessness in the patients' mental adjustment to cancer. Cancer patients' characteristics like performance status, metastasis and duration of diagnosis with demographic factors, spiritual support and social support were used as predictors of a fighting spirit or helplessness/hopelessness. Methods: A total of 124 ambulatory cancer patients completed the Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) scale and responded in a structured instrument about their characteristics, spiritual and social support. Results: The results of multiple regression analysis revealed that confidence in the supporter ($R^2=.114$, p=.000), duration of cancer diagnosis ($R^2=.041$, p=.000) and faith ($R^2=.030$, p=.000) were predictive of a fighting spirit ($R^2=.185$, p=.000); whereas, education ($R^2= .074$, p=.001), performance status ($R^2=.055$, p=.000), satisfaction with social support ($R^2=.046$, p=.000), and metastasis ($R^2=.037$, p=.000) were predictive of helplessness/hopelessness ($R^2=.202$, p=.000). Conclusion: Social support, spiritual support and disease related factors like metastasis, performance status, and duration of cancer diagnosis need to be considered in a psychosocial nursing intervention for a fighting spirit or helplessness/hopelessness.