• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.4D
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• pp.345-356
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• 2012

Road pavement requires repetitive maintenance works to maintain satisfactory service level to the public. However, the repetitive maintenance works upon deteriorated pavement structure make negative effects to deterioration speed. It often leads to inefficient use of limited budget. For that reason, the pavements require reconstruction work to recover their original performance. Recently, construction demands in the Korean national highway have already been reached to maximum level, and the aged pavements start to demand much more reconstruction works. However, in the real world, road agencies have often been confused when they determine maintenance design for such aged road sections due to budget constraint. It is because there is no reliable long-term maintenance strategy that supports their decision making. To support their decision making, this paper aimed to suggest the best maintenance strategy considering changing process of pavement performance by repetitive maintenance works. As an analysis method, probability distribution and hazard function to estimate the life expectancy were adopted, and then the results were used for long-term life cycle cost analysis with deterministic or Monte-Carlo method under various scenarios. As an empirical study, the Korean national highway data that has long-maintenance history data since 1986 has been applied. Last, this paper considered quality assurance of maintenance work to improve maintenance quality. These could be important information as a part of long-term maintenance strategy of pavement.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.182-197
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to identify the difficulties that elementary school teachers face and the atmosphere of school fields in depth in the course of conducting science experiential learning. For this study, we conducted focus group interviews with five elementary school teachers who have had rich experiences in science field studies. Through interviews, the actual state of experiential learning operation, the operation of science experiential learning including planning, progress and evaluation of experiential learning operation. The main results of this study are as follows: Teachers were most concerned about budget, and were burdened with curriculum reconstruction for science experiential learning. In addition, teachers expressed their lack of expert scientific knowledge with science experiential learning, and difficulties with collaboration with science-specialized teachers. In sum, teachers consider budget, site, and administrative convenience first, rather than effects of science experiential learning. The significance of this study is identifying the selection of topics, methods, educational expectations, and problems of science experiential learning topics, which were difficult to identify in previous studies.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.269-292
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• 2006

The current environmental problem is global, and threatens the very existence of human beings. Many factors have been argued as the causes of environmental problem. The examples include anthroponcentric human perspective on nature, increase in the knowledge on nature, development of technology, economic growth and unequal distribution, and population increase, etc. The scholars who argues population increase have focused on over-population. However, the estimation of optimum population size has not been attempted in terms of environmental carrying capacity. In such a context, this paper aims at estimating optimum population size in South Korea in terms of environmental carrying capacity. The estimation was done from two approaches. One was based on the state of environment, the other was based on 'the desirable state of environment' Koreans expect. The former is termed an objective approach, while the latter is termed an approach based on social consensus. About 47.5 millions were estimated from the former approach, and 48.5 millions from the latter approach. However, optimum population size increase by 50.5 millions if government increase environmental budget to 2.00% among total budget. As such, different optimum population size is estimated according to the values of variables. The most significant variable determining optimum population size is environmental budget, and followed by supply of clean energy. The estimated optimum population size was based on the time-series data from 1993 to 2002. Therefore, time-series data collected from other years will result in different estimation model, and then different optimum population size will be estimated.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.228-235
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• 2008

Terror for airplane, airport and passengers of the problems is being threat over the world. and since 9.11 terror of 2001 year, many countries have endeavored to prevent terror and have manipulate airport security part as important field. Especially, The U.S.A made Transportation security Administration in Homeland security adminstration and strongly execute for policies related anti-terror. many countries over the world enforce airport and airplane security facilities with science-technology contents. and with security exploitation for the passengers and freight security inspection level enforcement, many countries also make effort to interupt aviation terror threat. In this process, in the center of developed countries that need science-technology contents adaption, much budget and personals are invested and exploited a security inspection instrument and complimented of many facilities As a result, according to the development of science-technology, prevention of Terror have much developed. The contents using intelligence-communication technology inevitably needed on the goal of terror prevention and safty. From simple monitoring for the people who come in and out airport to boarding process and inspection for the freight, security inspection process for the passengers, bio information input, confirmation, of the level that there is no cases of adaption of contents, The reality have generalized of using contents. The study is going to research contents application situation.

• 재활복지
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.53-82
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to understand the experience of persons with developmental disabilities participating in the Personalized Support Services. For case study, we conducted in-depth interviews with the persons with developmental disabilities and with the active supporters for them who were using the community welfare centers for the disabled. Through this, we have come up with three core categories: 'coming out into the community', 'experimenting with various choices in life', and 'living a subjective life'. This suggests the followings; First, it can be seen that persons with developmental disabilities who have limited communication and self-determination should be allowed to participate in the service through the participation process, and active support for the parties is needed in the process. Second, it is necessary to plan and support for them, centering on the parties, away from institution-centered services. Third, sufficient budget support should be provided for the self-determination, selection and control of the parties. Fourth, we should be able to enjoy everyday life by participating together in the local community, and change the perception of local residents to participate in the community. Fifth, continuous support is needed rather than temporary support. Finally it will be needed for us to listen to the voices of both parties and to represent their rights with all our efforts.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.349-364
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• 2024

Purpose: This study used the Analytic Hierarchy Process to evaluate the relative importance of the factors that school nutrition teachers and dietitians consider during menu planning for school foodservices across various educational levels. Methods: An online survey was conducted from December 2023 to January 2024. The hierarchical structure for school foodservice menu management was developed through content analysis, consisting of five high-level categories and 3-4 low-level factors. Questionnaires were distributed to 395 nutrition teachers and dietitians from kindergarten, elementary, middle, and high schools nationwide. One hundred and sixty-six responses were received, resulting in a 42.0% return rate. These responses were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS Statistics. Results: The most commonly referenced sources for school foodservice menu planning were 'menus obtained from websites' (19.4%). The most significant challenge encountered was 'incorporating students' preferences' (18.6%). In the hierarchy of categories considered for school foodservice menu management, 'employees and facilities' ranked highest (0.2347), followed by 'preference' (0.2312), 'nutrition balance' (0.2027), 'cooking process' (0.1726), and 'food materials' (0.1588). Within each category, the top-ranked factors were 'employees' cooking skills' (0.3759), 'students' preferences' (0.4310), 'dietary reference intakes' (0.4968), 'foodservice hygiene' (0.4374), and 'food costs' (0.4213). The study also compared the relative importance of factors according to the educational levels, and the top-ranked factors were the same across all educational levels. In particular, 'students' preferences', 'dietary reference intake', and 'food costs' aligned with the top three challenges in school foodservice menu planning. Conclusion: Enhancing working conditions for school foodservice employees and developing menu planning methods that accommodate students' preferences are necessary. These findings will provide foundational data for future school foodservice menu management strategies.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.649-669
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• 2013

The research deals with the changes of the laws related to gifted education focusing on the Marland Report. As result, contrary to conventional argument for the beginning of legal ground for gifted education, 1958's National Defense Education Act(P. L. 85~864) which stipulated the article for 'identification and encouragement' for 'able students' can be said the first legislation of gifted education in the level of federal government. In the case of definition of the gifted, prior to 1972's Marland Report, there was the first legal definition in the Section 806 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act(P. L. 91~230, 1970), which said "Children who have outstanding intellectual ability or creative talent". However Marland Report expanded the realm of the gifted from the area of intelligence to the area of leadership, art and psychomotor ability. On the basis of Marland Report, in 1974 the Office of Gifted and Talented was set up in the Department of Education for dealing with gifted education in federal. Further, Marland emphasized the importance of stipulating article related to funds for gifted education in law. Without manifesting funds for gifted education in law, he knew very well how hard it was to practice gifted education in reality. This implies that regulation funds for gifted education is crucial for effective actualization of gifted education.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3005-3012
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• 2013

This study investigates the space, use, and procedural aspects that should be considered in securing the publicity in space renewal of unused lands by analyzing the characteristics of relevant projects conducted by The Korea Academia-Industrial Corporation Society, a party representative of a public agent. The findings reveal the following conclusions. 1. There should be a required procedure that guarantees the adequate qualities of public organizations or publicity for projects run by KAMCO. 2. When the public agent plans a project, there should be an effort to clarify the profit limitations and adequate guarantee of consigned fees charged by the consigned organizations in an attempt to ensure that certain proportions are used to enhance the public goods. 3. There is a need to diversify the ways KAMCO discloses information. A professional organization and separate budget should be required to assess the autonomy of KAMCO to guarantee publicity.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.55-65
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• 2008

The strategic decision makers of the firm have faced with uncertainty and complexity. Although they must make decision under these environments, they can't have enough time, man power, budget and knowledge that they need to decide. They can't, therefore, help getting supports by experts who have implicit knowledge about the domain. But it is difficult for them to find any other procedures and methods to create, transform, combine, and apply new knowledges, whenever decision makers face the problem This paper provides a new method to support a strategic decision making by using the knowledge transformation process suggested by Nonaka. We illustrate an application case of the strategic decision making in consulting industry. This paper uses cognitive map as a decision support technology based on the suggested method.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.33-39
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• 2011

Field training system is an establishment for improving practical ability of college students. That system is a learning experience that are relative to university's regular educational curriculum and industry field training. In order to practice an effective field training system, lots of helps from company, college, students and government's interest are needed. But, in most industry fields, it is hard to accept field training manpower in condition of that has no extra guaranteed budget or staff for field training. Because of it, the biggest matter of college the industry field training is to maintain industry fields. Although students want to be paid properly in industry fields where are furnished the advance facilities and equipments and participated in practices, it is extremely hard situation to achieve it in reality. In this way, the management of industry field training has realistic difficult problems, but it is a necessary system. Therefore, in this paper, methodology and model for industry field training management process are suggested in order to administer effective industry field training. If the industry field training are managed by those system mentioned above, students will have chance to exert their creativeness and speediness through field experience, and industry fields where students can get various dimensions of education are expected to manage.