• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.208-214
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• 1999

In order to determine if there is any physiographic preference for sedimentary organic matter preservation, two gravity cores were collected off Gampo, East Sea: one from continental shelf and the other from continental slope. Concentrations of porewater nutrients and total $CO_2$ were all higher in the continental shelf station, St. A, than the continental slope station, St. B. Meanwhile, concentrations of porewater sulfate decreased more rapidly at St. A than at St. B. Sedimentary organic carbon and nitrogen contents were lower and decreased more rapidly at St. A than at St. B. These data characters of porewater chemistry and sedimentary organic matter suggest that the organic matter is more actively decomposed at St. A than at St. B. At least over the study area, therefore, the sedimentary organic matter in the continental slope appears to be better preserved than that in the continental shelf.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.369-376
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of rose hip utilization on various diseases. Rose hips are produced on a shrub native to Europe, and have been used for medicinal purposes and nutritional supplementation for centuries. It is rich in minerals, vitamins, and various functional compounds, including calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, vitamin B, vitamin C, and vitamin E, quercetin, catechin, β-carotene, β-sitosterol, polyphenol, flavonoid, taxifolin, ellagic acid, and salicylic acid. Extracts and powders of rose hips have been reported to contain antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory activity, and exert beneficial effects including amelioration of osteoarthritis, body fat reduction, anti-obesity activity, anti-bacterial activity, antidiabetic properties, and anti-cancer activity. Therefore, rose hips as a functional natural food may be considered effective for use in treating diseases including obesity, diabetes, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.477-484
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of ginger and processed (Beopje) ginger on colitis induced by 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in Balb/c mice. Beopje means a process that herbal medicines are treated by a specific Korean traditional method in order to obtain better pharmacological effects. Mice were fed saline or two different doses of ethanol extracts (ginger and processed (Beopje) ginger) once a day for 14 days. Colitis was induced from day 7 to 14 via administration of 2.5% DSS in drinking water. Experimental animals were divided into four groups: Nor (Normal, 200 ${\mu}L$ of saline without 2.5% DSS-treated group), Con (Control, 200 ${\mu}L$ of saline and 2.5% DSS treated group), G (500 mg/kg of ginger and 2.5% DSS treated group), and BG (500 mg/kg of Beopje ginger and 2.5% DSS treated group). Body weights of both ginger-administered groups increased compared to the control. Colon length increased to 7.6, and 8.0 cm in the G and BG groups, respectively, whereas that of control was 5.7 cm. Histological colon injury induced by DSS-induced colitis was reduced (P<0.05). In serum and DSS-treated colon tissues, mRNA expression levels of IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IL-12 of the Beopje ginger-treated group were significantly suppressed compared to those of the ginger-treated groups. Expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 of the Beopje ginger-treated group were significantly reduced compared to those of the ginger-treated groups (P<0.05), and BG showed stronger anti-inflammatory effects on colitis. These results indicated that ginger exerted anti-inflammatory effects on DSS-induced colitis in mice, and its effects could be increased through Beopje.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.333-340
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• 2009

Osteomyelitis means inflammation of the bone marrow. It usually begins in the medullary cavity, involving the cancellous bone; then it extends and spreads to the cortical bone and eventually to the periosteum. The cause is usually thought to be microbiological. But there still are factors that predispose to produce a possible bone infection such as injuries, syphilis, actionomycosis, chronic kidney failure, alcoholism, malnutrition, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Treatment of modalities have been directed toward eradicating microbes and improving circulation in the early stage. In the case presented, surgical debridement and IV antibiotics were the treatment of choice. Osteomyelitis in children is mainly affected in the mandible. And in childhood, the mandibular condyle is regarded as an important center of mandibular growth. Therefore, in young patients, osteomyelitis involving this region may cause a restraint of mandibular development, resulting in facial asymmetry. So diagnosis in the early stage is important in child with osteomyelitis. Recently, we have encountered an interesting case of osteomyelitis of the mandibular condyle in 9-year-old boy. So we present the case and review the literature about osteomyelitis.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.235-243
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• 2007

In order to understand the water mass properties in the southern location of the East Sea in the Korean coasts, the vertical distributions (down to 2,000 m deep) of water temperature, salinity, and dissolved inorganic nutrients were determined in April of 2005. The water mass of the surveyed location showed distinct vertical layers; highly saline surface, surface mixing layer, and thermocline of low temperature and salinity. The water layer below 300 m was characterized by water temperature lower than $1^{\circ}C$ and salinity 34.06, showing a representative water mass of the East Sea. The inorganic nutrients rapidly increased from 200m in the northern and southern parts around Ulleung Basin. A marked environmental difference was found between two layers separated by thermocline. The upper layer of the thermocline was oligotrophic and the vertical distribution of nutrient was very stable. In the water layer between 100 and 200m the nutrients slightly increased but remained still stable. From southern coasts to northeastern Ulleung, the water mass properties were site specific; the thickness of the surface mixed layer and nutricline showed a trend diminishing toward the northern locations probably due to diminished influence of Tsushima water. Redfield ratio (N:P=16:1) based on the ratio of chemical composition in organism revealed that nitrogen value continuously decreased to less than 16 with the water depth down to loom from the thermocline. The value in the water layer deeper than 100 to 200 m, thereafter, showed an increasing trend (over 16). This result was further supported by the finding of lower chlrophyll a content in the layer.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.437-450
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• 2010

Ecological influences of indigenous freshwater bivalve Unio douglasiae on the water quality and epilithic diatom community was examined with artificial stream (AST), which constructed in a laboratory daily receiving the eutrophic lake water. For the colonization of new periphyton community, forty commercial slide glasses were deposited as a substrate into the lowest part of each AST. Prior to 1 week, the AST was operated to induce the freely-colonization of the algal community in the absence of mussels. After the mussels was introduced at 435 indiv. $m^{-2}$ between step 1 and step 5, the passed water and substrates were daily collected to analysis the change of water quality and lotic and lentic algae abundance for 10 days. Compared to the control, turbidity (60.0% of control), suspended solids (62.5%), and chlorophyll-$\alpha$ (72.2%) in mussel-passed waters were decreased significantly, while a strong increase of ammonia (up to 800% of control) was companied with the decrease of dissolved oxygen (19.5% of control) and total phosphorus (23.9%), respectively. On average, the concentrations of suspended solids (67.0% of control) and chlorophyll-$\alpha$ (89.4%) in mussel-treated substrates were remarkably increased, however algal abundance in its water simultaneously decreased. These results indicate that incidentally or purposely mussel introductions can decrease organic matter of the stream and increase transparency of stream water, however, mussel-mediated nutrient and pseudofeces release may stimulate the adverse growth of periphyton or phytoplankton community in the lower stream or reservoir.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.15-19
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• 1982

The Changes of nitrate and nitrite contents at different storage temperatures (low tempenature : $4{\sim}7^{\circ}C$, high temperature: $28{\sim}30^{\circ}C$) were studied in relation to the viable bacterial population. The contents of nitrate and nitrite in milk were 1. 10 ppm and 0.03 ppm, respectively. When milk was storaged for 7 days at $28{\sim}30^{\circ}C$, nitrate concentration decreased to 0.3 to 0.6 ppm, whereas nitrite increased up to 0.13 to 0.08 ppm. However, during the storage at $4{\sim}7^{\circ}C$, their contents were little changed. The number of viable bacterial population in raw milk appeared $9{\times}10^6/ml$, and rapidly increased throughout 3 days storage at high temperature, but afterward it tended to decrease. This seemd to indicate that nitrate was reduced to nitrite by the nitrate reducing bacteia in milk, and the changes in the viable bacterial population were also related to the changes of pH and titratable acidity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.1776-1780
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• 2011

The effects of different kinds of salt on the qualities of weight, volume, water absorption rate, turbidity, pH, textural characteristics, and sensory evaluation of wet noodles were studied. The salts employed in this study were purified salt (PS), solar salt (SS), solar salt without bittern (SSWB), roasted salt (RS) and bamboo salt (BS, $1{\times}$). The weight, volume, and water absorption rate of the noodles decreased with the 2% addition of different kinds of salts compared to the noodles without any added salt. The turbidity of the noodles decreased when BS (0.484), RS (0.489), or SSWB (0.489) were added to the noodles much more than when PS (0.508) was added. The pH of both wet noodles and cooked noodles was higher when BS, RS, or SS were added than when the others were added. The springiness and cohesiveness of the noodles were both increased with the addition of the salts. BS, RS and SS especially increased the springiness and cohesiveness of the noodles. In sensory evaluations of appearance, taste, texture and overall acceptance, BS received the highest scores. From the results, adding salt to wet noodle preparations is important to increase the quality of the noodles. BS showed the best overall results among the salts employed in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.30-39
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• 2014

HanPoong Leading (HPL)-04 were prepared with different oriental medicines (balk of Kalopanax pictus balk, Chaenomelis Fructus, Angelica gigas root, Zingiber officinale, Raphanus sativus Linne and Saururus chinensis Baill.) to investigate the protective effects of HPL-04 on cartilage degradation in knee osteoarthritis (OA). Rat articular chondrocytes incubated with rhIL-$1{\alpha}$ markedly increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and 9 activities, decreased cell viability and reduced chondrogenic gene expression. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, MMP-2 and 9 activities and real time RT-PCR indicated that HPL-04 counteracted these harmful effects in dose-dependent manner. In addition, for experimental OA in vivo, monosodium iodoacetate (MIA, 0.5 mg/50 ${\mu}L$) was injected into knee joints of rats and administered HPL-04 to rats for 4 consecutive weeks after MIA treatment. The experimental data showed that treatment with HPL-04 significantly prevented of MMP-2 and 9 activities in articular cartilage. Histopathological and micro-CT evaluations of the knee joints also revealed that HPL-04 effectively ameliorated MIA-induced degenerative OA. In conclusion, HPL-04 has potential applicability for the prevention and treatment of degenerative OA.

• Food Industry And Nutrition
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.49-53
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 율무(국산, 중국산)를 볶음온도를 $190^{\circ}C$, $210^{\circ}C$와 볶음시간 15, 20, 25분으로 처리하여 이화학적 특성 및 항산화능에 대하여 살펴보았다. 수분, 지방, 회분함량의 경우 볶음조건에 따라 큰 차이는 나타나지 않았고, 국내산과 중국산의 함량은 비슷하게 나타났다. pH의 경우 볶음온도, 볶음시간이 높아질수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 국내산, 중국산 율무에 따라서의 pH의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 분말의 L값과 b값은 볶음온도가 높아짐에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 율무 분말의 갈변도 볶음온도, 볶음시간이 높아질수록 증가하였고, 중국산 율무가 갈변도의 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다. 총당의 경우 볶음온도, 볶음시간이 높아질수록 증가하였고, 국내산, 중국산 율무에 따라서의 값의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 페놀성 물질 함량도 볶음온도, 볶음시간이 길어질수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 국내산, 중국산 모두 $210^{\circ}C$의 조건에서 큰 폭의 변화를 보였다.