• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.12-16
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• 2001

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of calcium chloride treatment (0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%) in red sweet pepper 'Ace' on the improvement of shelf-life and the physiological characteristics. $C_2H_4$ production and respiration rates of fruits treated with $CaCl_2$ before harvest decreased during storage of red sweet pepper at $7^{\circ}C$. Ca contents in the leaves and in the fruits showed also a greater increase in treatment of $CaCl_2$ than that in control. No difference was found in total sugar, whereas sucrose content was rapidly reduced after 20 days at $7^{\circ}C$. Ascorbic acid contents were increased by the $CaCl_2$ treatment. As Ca concentration is getting higher, the fruit decay rate was significantly reduced. From this result, we can positively conclude that foliar application with the concentration of 0.3% $CaCl_2$ and 0.5% $CaCl_2$ before harvest is effective in improving storage quality in red sweet pepper.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.503-506
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• 2004

To clarify the efficient application method of sulfur in safflower, we investigated the growth and seed yield as affected by ammonium sulfate (AS) and sulfur powder. AS was applied to the soil with four levels of 0, 4, 8, and 12 kg/10a and was applied by foliar application with 2 kg/10a as sulfur content compared with sulfur powder 20 kg/10a. By the application of sulfur fertilizer, plant height, stem diameter, and weight of stem and leaves tended to be greater than control. AS was more efficient than sulfur powder in growth of safflower. Sulfur application showed positive effect on yield components and seed yield was increased by $4-10\%$ compared to control. In application effects, AS and foliar application were more efficient than sulfur powder and soil application, respectively.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.255-259
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• 2007

Liquid calcium fertilizer evenly dispersed has been prepared using calcium carbonate powder and several surfactants. The calcium contents of nine fruits and vegetables were compared after spraying the liquid fertilizer onto the leaf of them six times for 2 months. The calcium contents of cabbage and potato increased to 155% and 154%, respectively. In addition, by virtue of the relatively high contents of calcium, rigidities of the texture were also increased, which would result in higher value-added vegetables. Kimchi was prepared using a Korean cabbage sprayed with the liquid calcium fertilizer and its fermentation characteristics were analyzed. A sensory evaluation has been performed to give the best result for a calcium Kimchi fermented for 14 days.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.141-152
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to know the effects of foliar applicated bio-enzyme on the early growth of cucumber and red pepper seedlings. Bio-enzyme was manufactured by the culture and proliferation of Bacillus genus and foliar applicated by the concentration of 0.075, 0.15, 0.3 g.$\ell$-1. Foliar application of bio-enzyme had great influenced to the early growth both cucumber and red pepper seedlings. Optimum concentrations of bio-enzyme applicated for the growth of plant height were determined as of 0.075 g.$\ell$-1 in cucumber but in red pepper seedlings 0.15g.$\ell$-1 was more favored. However, foliar application of 0.15g.$\ell$-1 of bio-enzyme was recommended for both cucumber and red pepper seedlings. Especially, leaf area and total dry weight which are main indices of good seedling were highest in the plot of standard concentrations(0.15g.$\ell$-1)of bio-enzyme.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.200-205
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• 2011

This study was conducted to find the physico-chemical properties and the amino acid content of the pigs hoof hydrolysate, keratin protein and to investigate its fertilizer effect on the growth of crops. The keratin proteins such as pigs hoof were alkali-hydrolyzed to produce the hydrolysates. The chemical properties of the hydrolysate of pigs hoof was 6~7 of pH and $10{\sim}15dS\;m^{-1}$ of EC. Total amino acid contents released from the pigs hoof were 10.18%, respectively. The pot experiment was carried out for the cultivation of lettuce. The treatment design of these pot cultivation was composed of Control (compost + NPK), PHH-0.5, PHH-1.0, PHH-2.0 (${\times}2,000$ ; 1,000 ; 500 diluted solution of pig hoof hydrolysate). After lettuce cultivation, the pH values in all treatment soils were decreased than those in initial soils, and the exchangeable cation value was higher than that of control. In all PHH treatments, lettuce growth was better in the leaf length by 6~16% and the leaf width by 4~15% than in control. Therefore, the PHH solutions manufactured by hydrolysis process had plenty of amino acids, and among them PHH had the most abundant nutrients and amino acids with highest growth and yield effect on lettuce.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 1984

The effects of foliar application of phosphate was investigated in the light of plant physiological point of view. The phosphate applied on the foliar both in meiosis and heading time was penetrated considerably into the rice. The amount of P absorbed by foliar application at high temperature was higher than that at low temperature but still considerable amount of P was absorbed at low temperature. The phosphate applied on younger flag leaf was absorbed more vigorously than the second and third leaves. The absorbed P on leaf was translocated to the panicle, especially on the brown rice starch, then moved to another panicle wherever the phosphate was needed. The major fraction of absorbed P under high temperature condition was T.C.A. soluble-Ba insoluble phosphate of mainly phytic form but Ba soluble-EtOH insoluble fraction, sugar phosphate ester, was identified as dominant P under low temperature condition.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.635-641
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• 2012

The present study evaluated the effect of chitosan on the changes of soil chemical properties, soil microbial population, and yield of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) for eco-friendly agriculture in an upland field. We utilized four treatment groups, control, foliar spray, soil drench, and foliar spray + soil drench with chitosan, and analyzed these variations throughout the seven, fourteen, and twenty one days interval. The pH values, organic matter, and available phosphate in the upland soil at the harvesting stage decreased in the chitosan treatment. The populations of bacteria, actinomyces, and fungi in the upland field were increased in plots treated with chitosan. The chlorophyll content of leaves was no significant differences between the control and the chitosan treatments, while calcium content of leaves was significantly higher in the chitosan treatments than in the control. In addition, the nitrogen content of leaves was no significant differences between the foliar spray and the soil drench. The yield of red pepper was significantly higher in the control ($383kg\;10a^{-1}$) than the chitosan treatments and the yield of soil drench with chitosan reached up to 95% of control.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.153-157
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• 2008

This study was conducted to select some effective organic materials for supplying mineral nutrients at the later red-pepper growing period under organic farming system, and to evaluate the application effect. Nutritional characteristics of organic materials, nitrogen release pattern during liquefying the selected organic materials, and crop growth were examined. Among 18 organic materials, meals such as soybean, rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed except for gluten had greater nitrogen content. Total nitrogen content liquefied solution of the mixture of organic materials and molasses or yogurt was measured after 7 days of the liquefying, thereafter, the mixture of rapeseed meal and yogurt showed the highest nitrogen, reaching about $3,000mg\;L^{-1}$. Selected liquid manure, mixture of rapeseed meal and yogurt, was applied 8 times to red-pepper plants with fertigation or foliar application. Total nitrogen of leaves at 150 days after transplanting was the highest (4.4%) in the treatment of foliar application of the selected liquid manure, whereas shoot dry weight and fresh fruit yield were the greatest in the treatment of fertigation.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.118-119
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• 2001

This experiment was carried out to examine the effects of foliar applications of 100 mg.L$^{-1}$ ethephon mixed with different calcium formulae (10,000 mg.L$^{-1}$ Clef-non, 2,000 mg.L$^{-1}$ Cell-bine, 2,000 mg.L$^{-1}$ Hicalux, and 2,000 mg.L$^{-1}$ calcium acetate monohydrate) on the rind coloration, defoliation and fruit quality of satsuma mandarin cultivated in the plastic greenhouse. Foliar applications of ethephon alone or in mixture with either Clef-non, Cell-bine, Hicalux or calcium acetate monohydrate demonstrated that increased 'a'value of peel chromaticity as compared to the control. The treatments encouraged fruit colour and allowed the harvest date to be predicted. The defoliation ratio decreased considerably by foliar applications of ethephon mixed with Cell-bine or Hicalux. The sugar content of fruit increased by 1.6, 1.54, and 1.54$^{\circ}$Bx with the foliar applications of ethephon, ethephon+Clef-non, and ethephon+Cell-bine, respectively. With the foliar applications of ethephon in mixture with Cell-bine, fruit coloration was accelerated. defoliation was delayed, and fruit quality was improved.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.110-114
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• 1994

Abnormally cool and wet weather conditions during the summer of 1993 offered an opportunity to evaluate the effects of abnormal weather conditions on mulberry growth and to develop cultivation practicies to reduce leaf yield loss under the similar abnormal weather conditions. Different methods of nutrient supplementation were evaluated in Suwon and Kongju. Nitrogen was supplemented by foliar spray of urea(1.7%) or composite chemical fertilizer Jamsibiryo #8, or by the application of ammonium sulfate(60kg/ha) to the soil. During the period between the late June and the early September which corresponds to the mulberry growing season after summer pruning, mean temperature was 1.4$^{\circ}C$ lower and precipitation 83mm higher than normal year. This weather condition in 1993 caused reduction in leaf yield by 16.4% than common year. Soil nitrogen content decreased due to higher precipitation. Leaf yield loss was reduced by the supplementation of nitrogen to the soil. Leaf nitrogen content increased with the foliar urea spray and nitrogen supplementation to the soil.