• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.353-360
• /
• 2011

The sequence data of the plastid DNA (trnL-F IGS, trnL intron, and trnH-psbA) and nuclear DNA (RNApol2_i23) markers were utilized to study phylogenetic relationships among the taxa in the Polygonatum odoratum complex (Ruscaceae). European P. odoratum individuals form a clade with a high bootstrap value, which is a sister to the clade of Korean P. odoratum var. odoratum, P. odoratum var. pluriflorum and P. robustum. The formation of the clade with P. odoratum var. odoratum, P. robustum, and one accession of P. odoratum var. pluriflorum indicates geological speciation in isolated populations in the islands following dispersal events from the mainlands. All data sets form two major clades, which are congruent with the subgroups divided by the basic chromosome numbers (x = 9 and x = 10). Although it is not easy to test the hypothesis of the decrease in the basic chromosome number due to scatter taxon sampling in this study, the molecular data strongly suggested that aneuploidy plays an important role in lineage diversification in the genus Polygonatum. The cytological data was not strongly supported by the cpDNA sequences. Further investigations of the cytological, morphological, and geographical characteristics with comprehensive sampling are desired to understand the evolution and lineage diversification in the genus.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.52-56
• /
• 2005

Eight days grown barley seedlings were treated with dimethipin for 72 hours and then the content of chlorophyll and photosynthetic electron activities of isolated chloroplasts were investigated. At the treatment of 10/sup -5/ M dimethipin the content of chlorophyll was decreased to 33% at 72 hours. Seven days etiolated barley seedlings were exposed to the light while dimethipin was added. At the time of 48 hours' greening chlorophyll content was reduced to 43% at 10/sup -4/M dimethipin and the chlorophyll a/b ratio was increased. In photosynthetic electron transport the activity of PSⅡ+PSⅠ was decreased to 10% at 48 hours and 25% at 72 hours at 10/sup -4/ M dimethipin. In the treatment of 10/sup -4/ M dimethipin the activity of PSⅡ+PSⅠ, except water splitting system was inhibited to 16% at 48 hours and 27% at 72 hours. The activity of PSⅡ was inhibited to 8% at 24 hours, 13% at 48 hours and 18% at 72 hours at 10/sup -4/ M dimethipin. The activity of PSⅠ was inhibited to 4% at 24 hours, 8% at 48 hours and 10% at 72 hours at 10/sup -4/ M dimethipin. In the times of greening of 7 days etiolated barley seedlings the activities of PSⅡ+PSⅠ were reduced to 5, 10, 10 and 11 % at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours, respectively, at 10/sup -4/ M dimethipin. On the other hand, the activity of PSⅡ+PSⅠ except water splitting system, was not inhibited at all incubated hours in 10/sup -4/M dimethipin and there were no clear changes of the activities of PSⅡ and PSⅠ as compared to the control. Therefore, it could be concluded that dimethipin inhibited the photosynthetic electron activity by affecting the function of chloroplast rather than the synthesis of chloroplast and the inhibited function of chloroplast seems to come from the severe decrease of chlorophyll content.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.174-181
• /
• 1985

Ultrastructural changes in the chloroplast of apple fruits was examined with Malus Pumila Mill var. Fugi harvested during preclimacteric stage the subatmospheric pressure storage condition at 380mmHg, $20^{\circ}C$. Electron micrographs obtained from the fruits stored at 760mmHg, $20^{\circ}C$ indicated that the initiation of ultrastructural changes is in parallel with the onset of respiratory climacteric. Chloroplast of the apple fruits stored for 25 days is vacuolated and the lamellar system are a little disorganized. Chloroplast of the apple fruits stored for 50 days is showing extensive vacuolation, the lamellar system are completely disorganized and the plasma membrane has pulled away from the cell wall. In the case of subatmospheric presssure storage caused to delay the onset of ultrastructural changes in chloroplast such as vacuolation, disorganization of lamellar system and dispersal of stroma lamella about 2 months. These results suggested that ripening of apple fruits is correlated not only to the activity of respiration but to the involvement of ultrastructural changes in fruit cells. The evidences obtained here led to the conclusion that subatmospheric pressure treatment extends storage life of apple fruits by inhibiting ultrastructural changes of cell organelles in concomitance with respiratory activity.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.52 no.2
• /
• pp.85-96
• /
• 2022

The plant "Hong-do-go-deul-ppae-gi" has been considered as Crepidiastrum × muratagenii, a hybrid between C. denticulatum and C. lanceolatum, based on its morphological traits and geographical distribution. To reveal the hybrid origin of Hong-do-go-deul-ppae-gi, we examined additional morphological traits of this plant and its putative parents (C. denticulatum, C. lanceolatum, C. platyphyllum) and analyzed one nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and four chloroplast regions (trnT-L, trnL-F, rpl16 intron, and rps16 intron). As a result of examining the morphological traits, putative hybrid individuals were classified into three types based on the habit, cauline leaf, outer phyllary, and achene beak traits. A molecular analysis found that the ITS sequences of Type 1 and Type 2 individuals showed additive species-specific sites of C. denticulatum and C. lanceolatum. Plastid sequences of Type 1 and Type 2 individuals showed C. denticulatum and C. lanceolatum sequences, respectively. However, Type 3 individuals had ITS and plastid sequences corresponding to C. denticulatum. Accordingly, Type 1 and Type 2 individuals not only share morphological traits with C. denticulatum and C. lanceolatum but also show additive species-specific sites for C. denticulatum and C. lanceolatum, and not C. platyphyllum, supporting its origin as a hybrid between C. denticulatum and C. lanceolatum. Type 3 had morphological traits similar to other hybrid types but was distinguished with respect to outer phyllaries and demonstrated some resemblance to C. denticulatum. In a molecular analysis, Type 3 was found to be identical with regard to the sequence of C. denticulatum and was judged to be an ecological variation of C. denticulatum.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.34 no.7
• /
• pp.493-499
• /
• 2024

Antimicrobial peptides are antimicrobial substances inherent in animals and plants, with strong antibacterial activity even in small amounts and with various other functions such as antiviral and antioxidant actions. Plants can be grown with just water and sunlight, allowing for their mass production at low costs. However, transforming a chloroplast into one that produces antimicrobial peptides, rather than growing plants, increases the amount of protein expression and minimizes contamination of the ecosystem because gene transfer by pollen does not occur. In that context, using transgenic plant chloroplasts to produce recombinant proteins increases protein degradation and reduces the solubility of proteins. To solve this problem, we fused SUMO, a fusion protein, with a recombinant protein. We also used a 6xHis tag to purify the fusion protein. The antimicrobial peptide stomoxyn is an antibacterial substance found in stable flies. Stomoxyn has an α-helix structure and is amphiphilic, which allows it to dissolve bacterial cell membranes. In this study, we constructed a transformation vector to express stomoxyn in both plant chloroplasts and Escherichia coli and used this vector to confirm the expression of stomoxyn in E. coli. The expression of the protein was then confirmed in E. coli using a transformation vector. The expressed stomoxyn was purified by nickel column and SUMOase treatment, and its antibacterial activity was confirmed using an agar diffusion assay. The EGFP gene was used to ensure that the transformed vector was inserted into the chloroplast.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.50
• /
• pp.34-44
• /
• 2023

The tetraploid Solanum hjertingii, a wild tuber-bearing species from Mexico is a relative of potato, S. tuberosum. The species has been identified as a potential source of resistance to blackening for potato breeding. It does not exhibit enzymatic browning nor blackspot which are physiological disorders. However, due to their sexual incompatibility, somatic hybridization between S. hjertingii and S. tuberosum must be used to introduce various traits from this wild species into potato. After somatic hybridization, molecular markers are essential for selecting fusion products. In this study, the chloroplast genome of S. hjertingii was sequenced by next-generation sequencing technology and compared with those of other Solanum species to develop specific markers for S. hjertingii. The chloroplast genome has a total sequence length of 155,545 bp, and its size, gene content, order and orientation are similar to those of the other Solanum species. Phylogenic analysis including 15 other Solanaceae species grouped S. hjertingii with S. demissum, S. hougasii, and S. stoloniferum. After detailed comparisons of the chloroplast genome sequence with eight other Solanum species, we identified one InDel and seven SNPs specific to S. hjertingii. Based on these, five PCR-based markers were developed for discriminating S. hjertingii from other Solanum species. The results obtained in this study will aid in exploring the evolutionary aspects of Solanum species and accelerating breeding using S. hjertingii.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
• /
• 2005.04a
• /
• pp.106-106
• /
• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
• /
• 2005.04a
• /
• pp.117-117
• /
• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
• /
• 2004.10a
• /
• pp.99-99
• /
• 2004

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.231.2-231.2
• /
• 2007