• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.539-546
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• 1999

Some stress for a plant could be detected to a certain degree by plant physiological measuring technique of the state of the art. The capability of early detection of my measuring system depends on kind of plant and kind and level of stress. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the capability of several fast and intact type plant stress detection systems to detect nitrogen deficiency of cucumber in the field. A series of experiment was carried out with four kinds of intact type measuring devices - a chlorophyll content meter, a chlorophyll fluorescence measurement system, an infrared thermometer and an optical spectrometer. The experiments resulted that the chlorophyll content meter could detect the stress of N deficiency at a confidence level higher than 95% on 3rd day for the earliest case and the detection of high precision was possible from 7th day after the stress was applied. The chlorophyll fluorescence measurement system detected the stress at a confidence level higher than 95% on 3rd day for the earliest case but the detection was not as much precise as the chlorophyll content meter. Leaf temperature measurement noted very poor results to detect the stress. Using the spectrometer, sensitive wavelength regions to detect the stress were searched and found out as 562∼564 nm, 700∼724 nm and 1,886∼1,894 nm. With the spectrometer using any of wavelength within the sensitive wavelength region, detection of the stress at a confidence level higher than 95% was possible from 3rd or 4th day after the stress was applied.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.4 s.161
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• pp.264-268
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• 2005

Chlorophyll contents in Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) needles of an advance growth stand and a plantation were compared using 80% acetone and DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide). Total chlorophyll contents in DMSO were 4-6 times higher than those in 80% acetone. There were no significant differences in chlorophyll contents between two stand types in both 80% acetone and DMSO. It appeared that 6 hours in DMSO would be appropriate to successfully extract chlorophyll from Korean pine needles of advance growth and planted trees.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.86-96
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• 2002

The distributions of suspended particulate matter (SPM), chlorophyll a, particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) and particulate biogenic silica (PBSi) along the salinity gradient were investigated in the Seomjin River estuary from March 1999 to April 2001. Sampling sites were set based on the surface salinity during each cruise rather than geographic locations. Concentrations of SPM were less than 20 mg/L, suggesting relatively low input of terrestrial SPM despite large freshwater discharge through Seomiin River, Chlorophyll a peaks occurred at 5$\~$ 15 psu salinity zone (10$\~$20 km from Nan Cho Island) in November 1999, at 15$\~$25 psu (10$\~$20 km) salinity zone in April 2000 and at 1$\~$15 psu salinity zone (15$\~$20 km) in October 2000 (ca. 8$\~$58%\mu$g/L). Concentrations of POC, PON and PBSi were also high at the same zone. Relatively low ratios of POC to chlorophyll a in mid-salinity zone where POM peak occurred suggests high contribution of living phytoplankton to the total POC. On the other hand, relatively high ratios of POC to chlorophyll $\alpha$ in very low salinity zone and the mouth of estuary indicated relatively high portions of detrital POC. Consequently, the low concentrations of SPM in this estuary and the high concentrations of chlorophyll $\alpha$ and the low ratios of POC to chlorophyll $\alpha$ in the mid-salinity zone suggest that production of living phytoplankton is primary factor in controlling distribution of POM along the salinity gradients in the Seomjin River estuary.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.1
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• pp.62-68
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• 2012

We have investigated needle life span, photosynthetic pigment and nitrogen allocation pattern in the needle of Picea jezoensis in the three populations (Gyebangsan, Deogyusan and Jirisan) to find out growth environmental condition which needs the strategy development of conservation and restoration against population decline. Needle survival rate was the highest in Gyebangsan (87.0%) and the lowest in Jirisan (71.6%), and it decreased with the increase of needle age. Needle chlorophyll a and b in Deogyusan and Jirisan showed higher content in older needle, but chlorophyll content in Gyebangsan was the highest in 2-year-old needle. Carotenoid content was the highest in the needle in Gyebangsan, and it increased along with needle age. Chlorophyll a/b ratio showed the highest value in Jirisan and the lowest value in Gyebangsan. Chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio decreased with needle age, Needle nitrogen content was the highest in Deogyusan (1.51%) and the lowest in Gyebangsan (1.40%), and the older needle had the lower content. In contrast, the highest chlorophyll/nitrogen ratio represented the oldest needle.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.165-168
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• 1989

Ginseng plants in the 2nd year were grown under the shade (90-95%) of colored cellophane films at $15^{\circ}C$ in a natural light phytotron. Relative root grown (final/initial) was in decreasing order of blue, green, white, yellow and red. The growth of aerial part, especially stem length was poorest in blue light with relative root growth negatively correlated with stem length. In this relation each color showed specific domain. Stem length showed positive linear correlation with leaf area per plant in each and among light though it was not significant in red light. The content and ratio of chlorophyll a and b in leaf were in the decreasing order of White, Blue, Green, Red and Yellow. There is positive correlation between chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, and between total chlorophyll and chl:a/b ratio. Blue color shade is expected to be beneficial for ginseng production.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.141-146
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• 2005

A simple and sensitive analysis method based on reverse phase (RP) HPLC with UV detector was developed for simultaneous determination of chlorophyll a and b, pheophorbide a and $\beta-Carotene$ in Chlorella and Spirulina products. For added concentration $(50\;\mug/ml)$ of chlorophyll a and b, pheophorbide a and $\beta-Carotene$, recoveries of those were 70.3, 71.6, 60.1 and $90.5\%$, respectively, with relative standard deviations of 2.8,6.0, 10.6 and $10.4\%$. Limit of detection and quantification had ranges of $0.1\sim1.0\;\mug/ml$ and $0.2\sim2.0\;\mug/ml$, respectively. Calibration curve was linear with correlation coefficient of 0.995 for chlorophyll a and b, pheophorbide a and $\beta-Carotene$. Results of simultaneous determination in Chlorella and Spirulina products were showed ranges of $121.g\sim543.0\;\mug/ml$ for chlorophyll a,$0.6\sim160.0\;\mug/ml$ for chlorophyll b, $19.2\sim60.3\;\mug/ml$ for pheophorbide a and $383.6\sim1713.7\;\mug/ml$ for $\beta-Carotene$, respectively. Chlorophyll b contents in Chlorella products were detected above 30 times level to those in Spirulina products. $\beta-Carotene$ contents in Spirulina products were detected 2.7 times level to those in Chlorella products.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1992

The characteristic of Cyanophyte genus SG63 is similar to that of Aphanot hece sp. The optimal growth was found with the concentration of NaCI and $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ on the culture medium. The most optimal condition is 56%0 of NaCl (S4 medium) and 20%0 of $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ (M2 medium). The synthesis of chlorophyll a, phycocyanin and soluble proteins is affected by the concentration of the two mineral elements in culture. Especially, the content of chlorophyll a and phycocyanin decreases on the most highly saline medium. The identified principal carotenoids are ${\beta}-carotene$, echinenone, zeaxanthin and myxoxanthophyll. The rates of concentration of protein/chlorophyll a and phycocyanin/chlorophyll a are low on the S4 medium. Inversely, these rates are the highest on the M2 medium. Accordingly, the high concentration of $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ provoke the synthesis of phycocyanin and total proteins.oteins.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.255-270
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• 1993

Effects of polyamines on chlorophyll and protein content, and $\delta$-aminolevulinate dehydratase(ALAD) activity were investigated during the greening of mung bean cotyledons. Polyamines stimulated chlorophyll formation in greening cotyledons, and this effect was enhanced by KCl. The changes in protein content were similar to the changes for chlorophyll content. The excision entailed an increase in ALAD activity. Then a decrease appeared after 48 h incubation on water in the dark. It was more precocious in the light, but was accelerated when the cotyledons were illuminated after a dark preincubation. Putrescine had little effect on ALAD activity in the dark. In the light, putrescine prevented the decrease in ALAD activity and enhanced this activity when a dark preincubation preceded illumination. KCl had a slight stimulating effect in the dark, but was uneffective in the light. The combination putrescine＋KCl was devoid of stimulating effect. The results obtained suggest that plastid development of mung bean cotyledons during greening was affected by polyamines and light and that polyamines may play a role in the regulation of plastid development.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1563-1568
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• 2010

In the course of a research concerning the molecular mechanism of hypocotyl elongation that occurs during soybean seedling growth in darkness, we have generated a number of ESTs from a cDNA library prepared from the hypocotyls of dark-grown soybean seedlings. Comparison of the ESTs assigned a cDNA clone as a putative plastidic ATP-binding-cassette (ABC) protein homologue. The soybean GmNAP1 protein contains an N-terminal transit peptide which targets it into the chloroplast. The transcription level of the GmNAP1 gene was investigated under continuous red light, continuous far-red light, and complete darkness. The main function of this NAP1 protein is the transport of protoporphyrin IX which is the precursor of chlorophyll from the cytoplasm to the chloroplast. The GmNAP1 gene was transferred into the Arabidopsis under the CaMV 35S promoter. The chlorophyll level of this transgenic Arabidopsis plant was much higher than the chlorophyll level of the wild type Arabidopsis plant.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2001

A chilling-tolerant japonica-type and a chilling-susceptible indica-type of rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants were compared with respect to various physiological parameters during chilling and subsequent recovery. The japonica-type and the indica-type of rice cultivars used were Ilpumbyeo and Taebaekbyeo, respectively. The two rice cultivars exhibited little or no differences in the changes of leaf fresh weight and chlorophyll content during chilling at $5^{\circ}C$ for 3 days. During subsequent recovery at $25^{\circ}C$, however, Ilpumbyeo restored its growth more rapidly than Taebaekbyeo. Since the changes of relative water content, malondialdehyde production, an estimate of lipid peroxidation, and chlorophyll fluorescence were significantly different in the two rice cultivars during the chilling and subsequent recovery, they were found to be more sensitive physiological parameters than fresh weight and chlorophyll content. However, the differences in relation to water content, malondialdehyde production, and chlorophyll fluorescence between the two rice cultivars were smaller during chilling than those during subsequent recovery. These results suggest that relative water content, malondialdehyde production, and chlorophyll fluorescence could widely be used as important physiological parameters for screening chilling-tolerant plants.