• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.5-11
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• 2022

The objective of this study is to evaluate the mechanical properties of high-flowable retaining wall material (RWM) incorporated with ground granulated blast-furnace slag (SG) and steel fiber (SF) based on a comparison with those of ordinary portland cement (OPC). To produce the specimens of RWM, some chemical agents such as superplasticizer (SP), air-entrained agent (AEA) and viscosity modifying agent (VMA) are added in the fresh RWM. The compressive, split tensile and flexural strength measurements were performed on the hardened RWM specimens. Additionally, surface electric resistivity and absorption tests according to ASTM standards were carried out at predetermined periods after water curing. It was found that the mechanical properties of slag cement concrete (SGC) RWM mix are better than those ordinary portland cement concrete (OPC) RWM mix. The effect of SF is remarkable to improve the mechanical properties of RWM mixes. It is noted that the usage of SG shows a beneficial effect to resist water penetration as well as long-term strength development of RWM mixes.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.43
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• pp.381-403
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• 2021

Cheonsubara Dance is one of the most important ceremonies in Buddhist rituals. This paper is a study on principles of Cheonsubara Dance in Yeongnam. This also distinguishes the Cheonsubara Dance performed for about 7 minutes with no patterns according to 'The Great Dharani of Spiritually Sublime Phrases' by dance words, and analizes its combinations and principles. Cheonsubara Dance in Yeongnam consists of 7 dance words(Greeting, Carrying, Carrying with 180° rotation, Bara-Garugi, Bara-Garugi with both hands, rotate once, Bara-chigi), and put together according to the number of letters from 'The Great Dharani of Spiritually Sublime Phrases'. Usually, the principles can be seen through 4 types of changes from the dance: 1) When letters of 'The Great Dharani of Spiritually Sublime Phrases' appear consecutively with the same number of characters, 2) When a two-letter word turns into a three-letter word, 3) When the opposite of 2) occurs, 4) When 2~3 letter words change in a row.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.235-235
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• 2021

아시아 몬순기후의 영향에 의해 우리나라는 2020년 7월부터 9월까지 약 90일간의 장마로 인해 크고 작은 수재해가 발생하였다. 특히, 안성, 충주, 음성 그리고 곡성 등에서 인명피해가 발생하였으며, 그 외 13개소에서 많은 재산 피해가 발생하였다. 2020년 산사태/토석류 재해로 인한 전국적인 피해액은 약 3,900억으로 보고되고 있으며, 매년 집중호우에 의해 피해 양상이 변하고, 도시지역에서의 발생이 빈번하게 늘고 있다. 집중호우에 의한 산사태/토석류 전이 피해를 저감시키기 위해서는 발생 물질이 어디까지 이동할 수 있는지에 대한 위험범위확산에 대한 연구가 중요하며, 이런 연구를 기반으로 인명피해를 줄이기 위한 연구가 필요하다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 천수방정식, 유변학특성 식 그리고 연행침식 식을 조합하여 개발된 적응형 격자기반 2차원 토석류 모델을 이용하여 안성, 음성 그리고 단성지역에서 발생했었던 산사태/토석류 전이 피해 양상을 해석하였다. 산사태 발생 후 2~3일 이내에 지표 지질 및 지형 조사를 실시하였으며, UAV 및 항공사진을 이용하여 산사태 및 토석류의 형태를 맵핑하였다. 지질 및 지형조사 시 간이 Vein tester를 이용하여 야외에서 토양 물성관련 자료를 취득하였으며, 토석류의 이동 흔적(나무 등에의 토석류 타격 흔적)을 이용하여 조사지점에서의 최대 토석류 흐름 깊이를 추정하였다. 정확한 토석류의 유속에 대한 자료 부족으로 2011년 우면산에서 발생한 약 26m/s의 속도를 이용하여 토석류의 흐름 특성을 계산하였다. 이와 더불어 연행침식의 계산을 위해 발생지점 부터 토석류가 퇴적된 하류부까지 기반암의 노출 및 퇴적 정보를 통해 최대 침식 깊이를 추정하여 입력자료로 활용하였다. 토석류 맵핑자료와 비교 결과 정확도가 90%이상으로 나타났으며, 토석류 발생 후 안성 200초, 음성 180초 그리고 단성 180초 이내로 토석류가 하류까지 이동할 수 있는 것으로 계산되었다. 본 연구와 같이 산사태/토석류 발생 메커니즘 해석에 대한 지속적인 연구를 통해 산지 재해에 의한 인명 피해를 줄일 수 있는 토석류확산범위 해석에 대한 연구가 지속적으로 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.13-20
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• 2023

This paper is aimed to evaluate the mechanical properties and durability of high-flowable retaining wall material (RWM) with different levels of steel fiber (SF) content. To produce the specimens of RWM, some chemical agents such as superplasticizer (SP), air-entrained agent (AEA) and viscosity modifying agent (VMA) were added in the fresh RWM. The compressive and split tensile strength measurements were performed on the hardened RWM specimens at the predetermined periods. Additionally, surface electric resistivity and absorption tests according to ASTM standards were carried out to examine mechanical properties of RWM mixes. The durable performances such as chloride ions penetrability and freezing-thawing resistance of RWM mixes were experimentally investigated. As resutls, it was found that the performance of RWM mix with SF were much better than that without SF, especially at the 2% addition of SF. Thus, it is noted that the proper addition of SF in the RWM mix may have a beneficial effect to improve mechanical properties and durability of RWM mixes.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.3A
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• pp.547-553
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• 2006

To know the effect of pigments on the material properties of color concrete, mortar and concrete tests were carried out by the using 5 kinds of pigment. The major component of red, yellow and black pigments was iron oxide and coloring component of blue and green pigments was copper phthalocyanine. Properties of mortar and concrete were some of difference according to adding ratio and kind of pigments. In case of using red, yellow and black pigments, setting time of concrete speeded a little and compressive strength was tendency to increase and slump or air content of concrete was same or decreased. On the other hand, in case of using green and blue pigments, compressive strength of concrete decreased largely because of the excessive air entrainment of surfactant and sump or air content of concrete increased highly. When the antifoaming agent was added to the color concrete mixed with green and blue pigments, compressive strength of concrete was improved and similar to that of concrete without pigment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.92-92
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• 2022

산 사면의 지반이 붕괴되어 흙, 모래, 자갈 그리고 물 등이 혼합하여 유동하는 토석류는 예측과 대비가 어려운 자연재해 중 하나 이다. 특히, 강우로 인해 발생하는 토석류의 경우 매우 빠르게 유동하기 때문에 피해 예측이 제한적이다. 이러한 토석류가 도심지역 또는 마을주변에서 발생할 경우 많은 인명 및 재산 피해가 발생한다. 따라서 토석류의 유동을 최소화시키기 위해선 1차적으로 수치모형을 통한 전반적인 유동 및 피해 규모 예측이 이루어져야 하며, 이러한 분석을 바탕으로 사방댐과 같은 구조물의 효율적인 설계가 이루어져야 한다. 이에 수치모형을 통해 토석류의 유동을 분석하고자 하는 많은 연구가 진행된 바 있으며, 사방댐 설계 분석 또한 수치모형과 실험을 통해 연구된 바 있다. 선행연구들에 따르면, 1) 발생부로부터의 거리, 2) 토석류 에너지의 감소, 3) 침식-연행 작용, 4) 사방댐의 용량 등이 효율적인 사방댐 설계에 영향을 미친다고 분석된 바 있다. 하지만 위의 항목들에 대한 종합적인 비교분석은 미비한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에선 위에서 제시한 4가지의 항목들을 바탕으로 사방댐 설계에 중요한 요소를 평가하고 산정하고자 한다. 토석류의 유동과 사방댐을 모의분석하기 위해 Deb2D 수치모형을 활용하였으며, Voellmy 유변학적 모형과 침식-연행-퇴적 작용을 분석할 수 있는 알고리즘을 사용하여 토석류의 유동을 현실에 가깝게 모의하였다. 2011년 서울 우면산에서 발생한 산사태 유역들 중에서 래미안 아파트 유역과2019년 강원도 갈남리에서 발생한 산사태를 대상지구로 선정하였다. 연구 결과에 따르면 4가지 요소들 중에서 사방댐의 용량이 효율적인 사방댐 설계에 가장 주요한 요인으로 분석되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.262-262
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• 2022

토석류는 산지 사면에서 발생하여 지형변화에 큰 영향을 미치는 대표적인 자연재해 중 하나로 국내에서 발생하는 토석류는 홍수, 태풍 등 타 재해에 비하여 상대적으로 매우 짧은 시간에 발생하며, 사후대응이 어려우므로 사전대비가 필수적이다. 토석류로 인한 피해를 효과적으로 대비하기 위해서는 국내의 지질, 지형 그리고 강우에 따라 발생하는 토석류에 대한 보다 체계적인 정밀현장조사를 통한 자료 구축과 이를 분석한 토석류의 발생원인, 이동경로와 침식 및 퇴적에 관한 연구가 필요하다. 최근의 토석류 연구에서는 침식-퇴적 및 연행작용에 의한 효과를 반영한 수치모의 연구들이 있으나, 모형의 검증을 위한 침식-퇴적 거동에 대한 자료는 현재까지 매우 부족한 실정이다. 토석류 발생에 따른 침식-퇴적 거동특성은 그 자체로도 공학적으로 중요한 요소이며, 수치해석 모의에 필요한 매개변수 추정에도 필요한 항목이다. 토석류 모의의 검증자료로 활용될 수 있는 토석류에 대한 실험적 연구는 토석류의 확산 형태 및 확산 길이에 대한 내용이 대부분으로 흐름수로에서의 침식 및 퇴적에 대한 연구는 찾아보기 어려운 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 토석류 발생에 따른 흐름부에서의 침식 및 퇴적에 대한 거동 특성을 분석하기 위하여 함수비, 흐름수로 경사, 상부 붕괴토조의 토사깊이, 흐름수로 침식가능 깊이 등 다양한 조건으로 실내모형실험을 수행하였다. 상부 토조의 토사 함수비가 30~80% 실험에서는 퇴적 현상이 탁월하였고, 100% 이상인 실험에서는 침식 현상이 확연하게 나타나 토사의 함수비가 높아지면 집중호우 등 선행강우로 인한 산지 지역에서 발생되는 토석류 현상과 유사하고, 함수비가 낮으면 토석류(Debris flow)가 아닌 입상유동(Granular flow)으로 보는 것이 적절한 것으로 판단된다. 상부 토조의 함수비를 100% 이상으로 변화하여 침식이 발생한 실험에서 상부 토조의 액화 된 토사는 빠른 속도로 흐름이 진행되면서 함수비와 붕괴 체적이 증가할수록 흐름수로 상류부에 침식이 크게 나타나고, 상류부의 토사를 중류부를 거쳐 하류부까지 연행(Entrainment)하는 것으로 판단된다.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.37
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• pp.127-155
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• 2018

This paper considers the structure and meaning of the folktale accompaniment of the sound of UlsanSoeburisoree. The review process examined the meaning of each structure of the UlsanSoeburisoree in the preparation process while preparing the main elements of the structural features along with the historical background of the structure. UlsanSoeburisoree is Poongcheol ritual ceremony which means prayer ceremony for the production of iron. The sound of UlsanSoeburisoree is 1-Gilnori 2-Gosa 3-The sound of blowing smelting process 4-The sound of process of iron smelting 5-The sound of tabooline 6-The sound of blowing smelting process 7-The sound of blowing matches 8-The After-party. This structure is in line with the structure of folk play called Gilnory-Gosa-Performance-After-party. This is similar to the basic structure of folk beliefs Cheongsin(請神)-Osin(娛神)-Songsin(送神). Thus, the sound of UlsanSoeburisoree was formulated in a sequential parallel structure. The sound of UlsanSoeburisoree resemble the sacrifice of heaven ceremony since the time of the SamHan dynasty. The sound of the birth of life by physical sacrifice also plays the role of the song of creation of new life. The sound of UlsanSoeburisoree can be seen not only in Korea 's folk culture but also in folk culture of GyeongnamDo area. There are many festivals to pray for the abundance of life for UlsanSoeburisoree. Soil plays an absolute role in the process of producing iron. For those who soak it, the earth is a religious object. Among the folk tales handed down in the Yeongnam area, there are a lot of performances that are passed down through the blending of the people 's affection to overcome the harshness of life. In the case of the sound of UlsanSoeburisoree, it can be said that it was made and mixed with the wind that wanted to go beyond the harshness of life and the spirit of art.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.42
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• pp.233-256
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• 2021

The purpose of this article is to understand the characteristics and meanings of the Hwanghae-do Gutchum, or shamanic ritual dance. First, the characteristics of the Hwanghae-do Gutchum are summarized as follows. The regular dances that appear in all pieces of Gutgeori or the tune of Gut of the Hwanghae-do Gutchum feature Geosangchum, followed by domu and heojeonmu in the sequential order. The accompaniment rhythms are Geosang rhythm, Chum rhythm, and Yeonpung rhythm. The dance featuring mugu, or shaman implements held on shaman's hand as part of the Hwanghae-do Gutchum, which symbolizes the characteristics of deities, is the same as domu aligned with the dance rhythm and the whirling dance aligned with the Yeonpung rhythm. The name of mugu, mubok (shaman clothing) and/or deities may be used as the name of Gutchum but there is no originality of Gutchum. The Beokgu Chum and Samhyeon Chum as part of the Hwanghae-do Gutchum use Beockgu Jangdan and Samhyeon Jangdan, which deserves to have their originality acknowledged. Hwanghae-do Gutchum is closely related to the rhythm. The harmony of janggu player and a female shaman is essential in practicing the Hwanghae-do Gut. If a janggu player fails to perform to properly support the gut practice of a female shaman, the shaman is not able to proceed with a smooth practice and causes confusion. On the other hand, if the gut performance of a female shaman fails to catch up with the performance of janggu, the gut becomes plain and simple at best. Janggu is the single most important element that determines the success or failure of the Hwanghae-do Gutchum. A female shaman takes the harmony and collaboration with a janggu player so seriously that she is willing to reschedule the practice of gut if its schedule does not match that of the janggu player. The Hwanghae-do Gutchum is largely dependent on gyeolrye. However, the difference between the chum and the rhythm caused by gyeolrye has disappeared due to the intangible cultural assets. That is, designating an intangible cultural asset has resulted in eliminating all distinctive characteristics of Hwanghae-do Gutchum. With the distinction of gyeolrye becoming vague, they have lost interest in the genealogy of gut they have learned. It is no longer gyeolrye but the intangible cultural property system that serves as an important factor to distinguish chums.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.19
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• pp.5-33
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• 2009

Jain-Danoje's course since modern is not different with almost all of folk performances, which were restored and reconstructed with a background of the designation of an intangible cultural heritage and National folk arts contest sine the 1960s. Generally, these folk performances were decontextualized in course of extinction and reappearance, and recontextualized in course of new directions on tradition. Also, the performances were interpreted differently and transformed by the main constituents of reappearance. Jain-Danoje nowadays has a regular form just at that time that has been designated as a cultural heritage at 1970s. But, today's Jain-Danoje is clearly different with the last appearance in 1936 and some Literature and jainhyun-eupji. I think such differences would stems from the process of reproduction. From this perspective, I had investigate Old literature and the early days report, and the current text. Especially, I will show the considerable change which has been occurred in the Yeowonmu and Hojanggut, the central role to configure that identity, by comparing past and today. As a result of consideration, today's form of the Yeowonmu and Hojanggut are created texts that mind the designation of an intangible cultural heritage and National folk arts contest. These texts has been reproduced without understanding about structure and current of folk festival and state of performance which has been transmitted on premodern society. some intellectuals search for an archaic form of Jain-Danoje based on jainhyun-eupji that created in 1895, except the other jainhyun-eupji. Moreover, because of the understanding with a bias, they can't grasp the meaning about the religious service for Hanjanggun, and they can't see the facts of Yeowonmoo. In addition, they were aware of 'o-sin' that led by Hojang as a fancy dress parade in a carnival, and that is recognized as a component of Jain-Danoje, so there was other text which is different from our own festival.