• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.768-776
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• 2015

This study was performed to understand combustion properties four major Indonesian wood species such as Albizia, Gmelina, Mangium and Mindi were investigated by cone-calorimeter for better utilization of theses wood species. Heat release rate (HRR), total heat release (TSR), specific mass loss rate (SMLR), effective heat of combustion (EHC), time to ignition (TTI), flame time (FT), specific extinction area (SEA), smoke production rate (SPR) and CO compound production rate were measured. HRR, THR and FT were proportional to the density of woods. Albizia showed the highest HRR, while Mindi had the lowest HRR. For SPR, Albizia showed the highest value due to its higher SEA. On the other hand, Mindi had the lowest SPR due to a lower SEA value. The highest smoke emission was for Albizia at the beginning of combustion. After 300 seconds, smoke emission of Gmleina and Mangium was increased greatly. Mangium and Mindi showed the highest total carbon dioxide emission. Expecially, Gmelina released the highest carbon monoxide during the combustion period and presented three times higher $CO/CO_2$ ratio than those of other species due to incomplete combustion.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.303-307
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• 2008

In this study, we have carried out the cone calorimeter test to examine the thermal characteristics, such as total smoke production(TSP), smoke temperature and oxygen consumption, of significant parts of above trees which are representative species of Young Dong Province of Korea. The smoke production of dead leaves and living leaves of pinus densiflora was increased rapidly at the early period of combustion. So the total smoke production of this parts was 8.3 times higher than other parts. The TSP of branches and barks of quercus dentata was 14.4 and 7.2 times higher than of pinus densiflora respectively. And also the maximum smoke temperature was about $338.35{\sim}353.25\;K$. The significant difference of oxygen consumption was not detected for dead leaves, branches and barks. However, the oxygen consumption of living leaves which have high percentage of moisture content is the lowest.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.362-365
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 소나무와 굴참나무의 생엽을 대상으로 기후변화에 따른 연소특성을 분석하고자 월별 기온 및 습도 등과 같은 기상조건별 연소특성을 비교하는 연구를 수행하였다. 소나무의 경우, 연중 내내 생엽의 채취가 가능하지만 굴참나무의 경우에는 생엽 채취가 가능한 6월부터 10월까지를 실험 대상으로 선정하였다. 기상조건은 각 시료별 생엽을 채취한 일자의 기상청 발표 자료를 적용하였으며, 연소특성분석은 콘칼로리미터, 연기밀도시험기, 발화점시험기 등과 같은 장비들을 활용하였다. 분석결과로는 열방출량을 비롯하여, 연기방출량, 함수율, 발화점 등을 측정하여 비교하였다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 2002

In this paper, some experiments of a heat release rate and toxicity for underground utility 22.9kv cable in fire was conducted and analysed applying plume equation and smoke chamber test separately, A 22.9 ㎸ power cable is selected for testing heat release in ISO 9705 geometry and toxicity production is measured with NES 713 (British-Naval Engineering Standard)test. In test results, Cable heat release reached about 60 ㎾ above 1.2 m from heptane pan and CO generated lethal concentration under 30 min. exposure condition.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.548-556
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 산불발생 시 삼림 내 가연물의 화재강도 및 산불위험성을 예측하기 위하여 영동지역에서 자생하는 관목류 가운데 주요 분포수종으로 생강나무와 초피나무를 대상으로 생엽과 가지부위를 채취하여 착화특성, 화재전파특성, 피난특성을 고찰하였다. 발화온도 범위는 400$^{\circ}C$${\sim}$440$^{\circ}C$로 확인되었으며 생강나무의 생엽은 착화가 가장 빠르게 개시되었으며 가지부위는 생엽보다 착화는 늦으나 착화 후 화염유지시간이 길고 비교적 빠른시간에 많은 열량을 방출하는 것으로 나타났으며 초피나무의 가지부위는 연기방출량과 CO 및 $CO_2$의 방출량이 많은 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.81-87
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• 2009

In this study, we have investigated the combustibility of five shrubs growing in Youngdong area such as Lindera obtusiloba, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Zanthoxylum piperitum, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, and Corylus heterophylla var. thunbergii using the ignition temperature tester, the cone calorimeter and the smoke density chamber in order to estimate the danger of a forest fire. The results showed that Lespedeza maximowiczii has the lowest ignition temperature, the fastest ignition time and the highest average release concentrations of CO and $CO_2$. Zanthoxylum piperitum and Zanthoxylum schinifolium showed the highest level in heat release and smoke release, respectively. Therefore, we have concluded that Lespedeza maximowiczii has the highest ignitibility, Zanthoxylum piperitum the most intensive fire spread and fire intensity, and Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Lespedeza maximowiczii most difficult to escape from a forest fire.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.581-588
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• 2015

This study was conducted by utilizing simulation (FDS6) the fire characteristics of the flammable substances such as cable compartment of a small space in the EPS room type. In the partitioned space of a room EPS supply of oxygen does not facilitate the combustion of the upward-sloping curve, as in a standard fire curve is not observed. Simulation results in a situation where ventilation is limited to the heat release rate and smoke emission characteristics of the fire showed a complex and unstable form a repeating rise and fall. Fire time was longer than the fire load. Change in the smoke emission than the heat release rate is slow, but changes of the overall surface was found to exhibit affinity.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.58-65
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• 2010

The fire accidents having recently occurred are getting more and more larger and causing lots of damage in terms of property loss and casualties increase, so there is in need of technical fire safety development like comprehensive prevention solution in order to effectively prevent. Especially, the needing of new paradigm for advanced fire safe technology is gathering strength in high-rise modern building construction. Therefore, we want to find out on this paper what is a correlation between heat release rate measurement and smoke release volume by three parts of oxygen consumption calorimeter in bench scale calorimeter (cone calorimeter/ISO 5660/Avg.500Kw), Medium scale calorimeter (Room corner tester, Single burning Item/ISO 9750, EN 13823/Avg.3MW), and large scale calorimeter (Industry calorimeter/Avg. 10MW). Thus, Smoke detective of new paradigm devised by making use of a correlation between heat release and smoke production is to help reduce loss property and casualties. Ultimately, based on this theory, a new concept of fire alarm and evacuation system will be developed and expected to apply to a skyscraper.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.37-43
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• 2017

The combustion characteristics of four kinds of wood specimens, such as Japan cedar, spruce, lauan, and red pine, were tested using the standards of Cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1, 2) and smoke density tester (ASTM E 662). Japan cedar caught fire the quickest but the mean heat release rate was the lowest, $58.52kW/m^2$. The mean heat release rate of red pine appeared to be the highest, $71.75kW/m^2$. The lauan and Japan cedar generated relatively large amounts of carbon monoxide while the red pine and the spruce generated relatively large amounts of carbon dioxide. The red pine generated large amounts of smoke and the spruce generated the least amounts of smoke than the other samples. The total smoke release rate in the dynamic method was the highest in red pine and the lowest in spruce. The smoke density of red pine in the static method was highest in the non-flaming and flaming methods. In the non-flaming method, the smoke density of lauan was the second highest, whereas the flaming method was the least. In terms of the heat release rate, the fire risk from red pine was highest among the four test specimens. From the viewpoint of smoke generation, red pine was the most dangerous material in both dynamic and static methods.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.3
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• pp.290-296
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• 2009

In this study, we considered the combustion of the various herbs in youngdong areas such as festuca ovina, isodeon japonicus, oplismenus undulatifolius, pueraria thunbergiana, and cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense using the ignition temperature tester, cone calorimeter, smoke density chamber. We confirmed that the range of ignition temperature was $400{\sim}455^{\circ}C$ and the time to ignition and flameout were not recorded. The total heat release of isodeon japonicus was highest and the smoke release of festuca ovina was highest, and the yield of CO and $CO_2$ of pueraria thunbergiana, and cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense were highest among the samples. As a result, we concluded that isodeon japonicus will impact the fire intensity and fire spread and festuca ovina, pueraria thunbergiana, and cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense will influence the refuge.