• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2018.07a
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• pp.19-22
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• 2018

현재 자동차 산업계에서 AUTOSAR는 효율적인 차량용 소프트웨어 개발을 위해 필수로 적용되고 있으며 자동차의 실시간 요구사항을 만족시키기 위해 실시간 운영체제를 사용한다. 하지만 AUTOSAR에서 제공하는 코어 간 클라이언트-서버 통신은 클라이언트 태스크에서 보낸 서비스 요청을 FIFO 순서로 처리하기 때문에 우선순위가 높은 태스크의 서비스가 낮은 태스크의 서비스 때문에 늦게 처리될 수 있다. 이는 우선순위 역전 현상이며 서비스의 처리 결과를 기다리느라 우선순위가 높은 태스크의 응답시간이 지연되므로, 이 태스크가 차량 안전에 있어 중요하다면 치명적일 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 서비스의 처리 순서가 결과에 무관한 경우에 한해 우선순위 큐를 도입함으로써 이 문제를 해결하였다. 제안된 기법은 Infineon 사의 TC297 MCU와 ETAS 사의 AUTOSAR 소프트웨어에서 실험했으며 우선순위가 높은 태스크의 응답시간이 1.42%의 오버헤드를 통해 1.26배 감소하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.627-630
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• 2009

MicroC/OS-II에서는 우선순위 역전 현상에 대한 해결 기법으로 뮤텍스를 사용한 기본적인 우선순위 상속(Basic Priority Inheritance)을 사용한다. 뮤텍스를 구현하려면 리얼타임 커널이 우선순위가 같은 여러 태스크를 지원해야 한다. 하지만 MicroC/OS-II는 우선순위가 같은 여러 태스크를 지원하지 않는다. 이를 해결하기 위해 MicroC/OS-II는 우선순위 예약을 사용할 수밖에 없었으며 이로 인해 불필요한 메모리공간 및 우선순위 자원을 낭비하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 MicroC/OS-II에서의 불필요한 메모리 낭비와 우선순위 낭비를 줄여, 적은 용량의 메모리를 가지는 임베디드 장비에 효율적으로 운영되도록 제안 하고자 한다.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.115-141
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• 2003

The aim of this paper is to describe a long-term trend toward earlier retirement and its reversal since 1985 in the United States, together with changes in socioeconomic conditions and social-policy programs which have contributed to this new development. The American people's recent propensity to retire at relatively younger ages was mainly a result of secular increase in individual wealth that had made it possible for them to enjoy higher standard of living without their participation in labor market activities at older ages. In addition to the introduction of compulsory retirement system, both social security retirement pension program and corporate pension system have also contributed significantly to the declining retirement age and its reversal around the mid-1980s. This paper pays full attention to the set of social policy programs which are currently being used to sustain the recent reversal in ages at retirement. The basic question to be raised here, however, is about whether or not the U. S. government will ave to continue to implement the social policies and programs used to discourage the elderly from retiring at relatively younger ages in the future. In this paper, it is argued that labor productivity growth and improvement in work attitude prior to retirement will help the elderly find little difficulties in having higher standard of living, despite their further lengthening of life expectancy at birth and post-retirement survival chances, the latter being often called the "third life". Most American people hope that the social-policy programs that have promoted early retirement will remain unchanged in the first part of the 21st century while they will put significant financial burden on their future descendants who have to work in the paid labor market. Taking this observation in consideration, this paper concludes that the U. S. government has to focus more on developing the programs that improve work propensity and labor productivity among the currently working-age population rather than continuing to implement the programs that sustain the recent reversal in retirement ages.ment ages.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.913-915
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• 2005

실시간 시스템에서는 두 개 이상의 태스크가 공유자원을 사용한다. 이러한 자원에 의해서 높은 우선순위 태스크가 낮은 우선순위 태스크에 의해서 CPU를 점유 당하는 우선순위 역전현상(Priority Inversion)이 발생한다. 우선순위 역전 문제는 실시간 시스템의 스케줄 가능성과 예측성에 심각한 결함을 야기할 수 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 비교적 크기가 작으면서도 실시간 운영체제의 핵심적 특징을 잘 갖추고 있는 $iRTOS^{TM}$ 커널을 사용하였고 우선순위 역전을 해결하기 위해서 Priority Inheritance Protocol을 사용하여 확장된 MuTexS를 구현하였다.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 1983

Oceanic temperature inversions, with unstable stratifications, are frequently founed in the surface layer of a few tens meters in the Japan Sea and the Yellow Sea in Winter. Mechanisms responsible for the generation of temperature inversions include the followings: (1) The nat heat loss at the sea suface requires an upward transport of heat from the interior of the ocean y convection, and this convection leads to the temperature inversions. (2) The downward propagation of the annual variation of the sea surface timperature, with an exponential decrease of amplitude and a linear change of phase with depth, generates the surface inversion layer in winter. (3) The cold water cdvection by Ekman drift, of which magnitude decreases exponentially with depth, generates temperature inversions for the three possible mechanisms mentioned above.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.156-177
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to understand the countertransference and its meanings, experienced by novice supervisors in the supervision. For this, total seven novice supervisors with supervision experience for five years or less were purposively sampled, and then the in-depth interviews were conducted. As a phenomenological research, the collected data was analyzed in accordance with the Giorgi's 4-Stages, suitable for discovering the phenomenon and its meanings, experienced by research participants. In the results, there were six themes such as 'difficulty to realize the countertransference', 'expectation and impatience of supervisee's growth', 'identification with supervisee', 'hope for maintaining a good relationship with supervisee', 'avoidance of supervision', and 'struggle for standing up as an expert'. The unsolved problems and desires of novice supervisors were revealed as countertransference, which influenced the supervision. The results of this study imply that the countertransference of supervision has not only negative aspects, but also a positive meaning in the aspect that they could deeply understand themselves and others.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.193-197
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• 2011

The thickness dependence of the magnetic switching volumes in electrodeposited CoPt films was investigated from the magnetization reversal and the magnetic interaction behavior. As the sample thickness is increased, the field difference between the wall pinning field ($H_{DW}$) and the nucleation field ($H_N$) as well as the absolute value of ${\Delta}$area are increased. Therefore, the decrement tendency of the switching diameter with increasing sample thickness can be well explained by the domain wall motion controlled by the domain wall pinning and the strength of dipolar interaction.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.769-789
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• 2011

The life table is a statistical model for life expectancy and reflects mortality experiences exposed to a particular group of people. The following three issues are prerequisite for constructing the life table : a selection of how to estimate the death probability from observed death rates, a graduation method to smooth irregularity of the death probabilities, and an extension method of the death probabilities for oldest-old ages. To construct the life table that is fittest to Korean mortality experiences, we examine five estimation methods such as Chiang's and Greville's for the death probability, three graduation techniques including Beer's and Greville's formulae, and twelve mathematical functions for the extension of death probabilities for oldest-old ages. We also propose a method to resolve the cross-over problem arising from construction the life table.

• Water for future
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.459-466
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• 1990

In the Ice Valley, it freeze in summer season. However, there is no ice during winter. In order to clarify the phenomenon of unusual temperature, numerical experiments were conducted using the coupled equations of fluid flow and heat transfer. The results demonstrated that temperature inversion in the Ice Valley is primarily due to delay of the groundwater temperature. Also, the results of the simulation suggest that major factors affecting the delay are the topographical configuration, geological factors and groundwater flow system, combined with groundwater recharge and discharge systems.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.434-440
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• 2017

Electrical impedance spectroscopy is used to detect membrane fouling in-situ in reverse electrodialysis. The impedance data for the AMX membrane being fouled in the reverse electrodialysis are plotted and analyzed by Nyquist and admittance method. The meaningful graphical analyses for the fouling phenomena could be done by both Nyquist and admittance method. In addition, the unstable initial fouling stage was identified by the admittance data with high standard deviation, and the structural change of the fouling layer formed at the surface of anion-exchange membranes with the operation time of reverse electrodialysis was also detected.