• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.97-108
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• 2017

The main purpose of this comparative study is to analyze the impact of uncertainty avoidance on the potential entrepreneurship of five developing countries through results of survey implemented to under- and postgraduate students of five developing countries such as Cambodia, Mongolia, Nepal, Peru and Rwanda. Futhermore, it is another purpose to compare the results of respondents by gender and scrutinize what impacts of the uncertainty avoidance have on male and female students' entrepreneurial orientation. First of all, the survey was conducted to under- and postgraduate students of five countries. Questions of the survey were composed of three parts: Locus of Control and Innovativeness for the individual entrepreneurial orientation and Uncertainty Avoidance for the cultural variable. The result of this study shows that the variable of entrepreneurial orientation is getting higher when Uncertainty Avoidance variable is becoming higher. On top of that, this is shown even in the gender comparison. It is the totally different result from precedent studies that shows correlation of entrepreneurship and culture. On the other hand, men's entrepreneurial orientation of five countries higher than women's according to the gender comparison.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.9-17
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• 2017

This study was conducted in 241 fire officers at fire stations in Daejeon Metropolitan City to determine their oral health care behavior status and obtained the following results: First, men were more likely to brush their teeth 3 times a day and women were more likely to brush their teeth 4 times a day; those who were in their twenties and had ${\leq}5$ years of career brushed their teeth for ${\geq}3$ minutes. Second, the respondents who were in their twenties and thirties and had <10 years of career were more likely to use auxiliary oral hygiene devices and fire captains and those at higher positions were more likely to have received oral health education. Third, the respondents having received oral health education were more likely to use auxiliary oral hygiene devices and to have their teeth scaling within a year. While the fire officers were fortunately at good levels of oral health care, taking the poor working environment into account, the efforts to develop job-customized oral health programs in which IT and robot technologies are combined to improve oral health and take measures to publicize the programs and to give better treatment to fire officers are expected to put them in better oral health care status.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.193-199
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• 2017

The research is aimed at finding out the relationship between vocational stress and willingness to engage in vocational stress, which measures vocational stress and the ability to cope with the job, and how the job stress relates to job mobility. First of all, the job stress and willingness to transfer jobs related to sexual harassment related agencies have a positive correlation, while self-exploitation, job stress, and willingness to move jobs have shown negative correlation. Second, the self-assessment of self-assessment of ego resilience has served as a complete parameter in relation to the relationship between employee motivation and willingness to leave the job, which is the job of occupational duties. Based on this study, it is important to note that self-reference is an important factor in determining the role of job stress in the workforce because of its self-reference of job stress and motivation in relation to job stress.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.55-70
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• 2001

This research is to analyze spatial characteristics of labor process at the labor properties in footwear industries in Busan Metropolitan area. The production process of a footwear industry is mainly composed of the development and production of goods and design, the development of component parts and materials and the assembly of parts to be end products, and the marketing. Each process inclines to concentrate in a region having the needed labor; therefore, a manufacturing factory for each process attempts to be located at the different places. The critical core functions such as the development of products and design, the development and production of critical component parts and material, and the marketing are carried out by manufacturing companies with the trademark of the products. These functions intend to be located in the Sasang industrial complex in Busan city and Seoul metropolitan area. The function such as the development and production of major component parts and materials needs high skilled technicians and well trained laborer, and inclines to be located in traditional footwear industrial regions. The assembling process is carried out by skilled females and/or unskilled labors, and attempt to be accompanied with critical core functions or outsourcing. This process has been spatially concentrated in the traditional footwear industrial areas; but recently it extends to the developing countries. The development and production of materials and the production of component parts mainly depending on male labors incline to be located in the developed countries for critical core component parts and materials, and to be located in Busan for major components parts and materials. The production of standardized components parts and materials are carried out in the less developed countries.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.442-452
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• 2010

Our team carried out a new program for public engagement on nanotechnology in Korea. We chose 22 monitors, who majored in science or technology and graduated from universities long time ago. Most of them were married and housewives. This 'focus group' had not only general knowledge about science or technology but also much interest in social activities. The 167 nanoproducts to be monitored were for daily life, e.g. home appliances (washing machine, refrigerator, water purifier, etc), clothing, cosmetics, food, toy, and others. And the period of it was one month. The monitors had a sheet with 10 questions, and filled them out in essay form. All of them submitted 2~3 sheets every weekend to our team. Before monitoring, our team had a meeting for introduction and explanation about the potential risk of nanotechnology as well as benefits from it. Another meeting was held after finishing monitoring to share their experience one another. The main results of the monitoring were as follows: the number of nanoproducts describing both the definition of 'nano' and the size of nanomaterials was just 2 (1.2%) the number of them explaining the technical methods enough was 15 (9/0%) the number of them accounting for the reason of functional improvement enough was 14(8.4%); the number of them doubtful as if there would be exaggeration or false knowledge was 27 (16.2%); the number of them commenting potential hazards to human health or environment was almost zero; the number of them describing about safety certification acceptable was 9 (5.4%). The monitors made a proposal containing recommendation to Government and industry. The contents were as follows: industry should make the manual in detail and correctly, Describe Certificate detailed and correctly, Do research on risk and toxicity continually, Educate employee about nanoproducts at consumer's center; Government should make indication of nanoproducts compulsory, Appoint Certificate Authority and make Certificate Mark guaranteeing the safety on nanoproducts, Make detailed explanation about nanoproducts compulsory.

• 한국과학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1-34
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• 2008

본 인식 조사에서 나타난 결과와 개선 방안의 도출과 관련한 시사점을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 국내 연구부정행위 실태는 우려할만한 수준으로 나타났다. 위조, 변조, 표절, 부당한 저자 배분, 업적 부풀림 등 연구부정행위에 대해 연구비 유용이나 횡령보다 훨씬 더 만연한 것으로 응답하였다. 연구부정행위가 발각되는 정도에 대해서는 의견이 분분하였으나 처벌의 수위는 엄격하지 않다고 생각하는 것으로 나타났다. 본인의 연구윤리 의식이 타인에 비해 높은 것으로 자부하고 있으나 부정행위 인지시의 행동에 대해서는 바람직하다고 생각하는 행동과 자신의 예상 행동 사이에 괴리를 보였고, 바람직하다고 생각하는 행동도 매우 소극적인 것으로 나타났다. 부정행위 실태 조사에서 나타난 중요한 사실은 주로 기초 연구를 수행하는 과기부/교육부 사업 수행자가 응용이나 개발 연구를 수행하는 산자부/정통부 사업 수행자에 비해 자신의 연구 분야에서 연구부정행위가 훨씬 더 만연해 있는 것으로 응답한 것이다. 둘째, 가장 심각한 연구윤리 저해 요인에 대해서는 단기간 성과의 강조, 연구 수주의 경쟁 심화, 정량적 성과 주의 등을 꼽았으며, 전체적으로 개인적/문화적 요인보다는 구조적/조직적 요인, 특히 구조적 요인이 더 중요한 것으로 인식하고 있었다. 신뢰도 분석 결과 제3장에서의 분석을 바탕으로 본 연구에서 제시한 구조적, 조직적, 개인적, 문화적 요인의 구분은 유효한 구분으로 나타났다. 대학에 비해 정출연 소속 연구자들이 구조적 요인이 연구부정행위와 더 관련이 많다고 인식하고 있었으며, 기업 소속 연구자들은 구조적 요인이나 조직적 요인과의 관련성이 더 적은 것으로 인식하고 있어 본 연구에서 제시한 여러 저해 요인들이 대학이나 정출연에 더욱 밀접한 것으로 나타났다. 개인적 요인에 대해서는 여성이나 고연령층에서 부정행위와의 관련성을 더 크게 느끼고 있었다. 셋째, 개선 방안에 대해서는 과도한 연구비의 집중 방지, 소규모 개인과제 확대, 평가의 전문성과 공정성 확보를 가장 효과적인 방안으로 인식하고 있었다. 부정행위에 대한 처벌의 강화와 양적 평가의 개선에 대해서도 효과를 높이 기대하고 있었다. 연구윤리 교육이나 상대 평가의 강화, 진실성 검증 시스템의 보완 등에 대해서는 큰 효과를 기대하지 않고 있었으나 이는 국내에서 그동안 연구윤리에 대한 체계적 교육이나 진실성 검증 시스템이 존재하지 않은 탓에 연구자들이 그 효과를 잘 인식하지 못하고 있다는 점이 고려되어야 할 것이다. 개선 방안을 크게 평가, 선정, 수행, 연구윤리의 인프라로 구분하였을 때에는 선정과 평가와 관련된 개선이 시급한 것으로 인식하고 있었다. 사업별로는 과기부/교육부 사업 수행자가 선정과 관련된 개선의 효과를 더욱 크게 느끼고 있었고 소속기관으로는 대학 연구자들이 더욱 크게 느끼고 있어, 소규모 과제의 확대와 연구비 집중 문제 해결, 경쟁 완화 등이 대학과 기초연구분야에 더욱 절실하다는 것을 나타내었다. 전체적으로 제시된 세부 항목에 대해 과기부/교육부 사업 수행자가 산자부/정통부 사업 수행자보다 효과성을 높게 보고 있는 것은 연구부정행위 실태에 대해서도 더 심각하게 인식하는 것과 맥락을 같이한다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제안하는 여러 개선 방안들을 단계적으로 적용한다고 할 때 우선 기초연구나 개인 단위 과제 중심으로 적용하는 것이 효과성이나 필요성의 측면에서 모두 바람직한 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.62-70
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• 2019

This study is a descriptive correlation study that analyzes the correlation between health-related lifestyle and quality of life characteristics of single household. Variables were selected 1,220 surveys of single household from the Korea Health Panel 2015. The average age of single-person households in Korea was 68.19, with women accounting for 71.3% of the single-person households. One household due to each private sector accounted for 64.8%, while 42.3% responded to their subjective health status as "ordinary." Smokers accounted for 31.7% and drinkers 34.7%, with 55.3%t of the low-activity group making up the largest amount of physical activity. The quality of life score was $13.31{\pm}1.828$. There was a positive correlation between smoking, drinking, physical activity and quality of life. Based on this data, progress of physical activity improvement program in support of the diversity and social relations are needed, and individual psychological and emotional support of single household needs to be developed.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.194-200
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• 2021

Recently, incorrect and unhealthy postures have become increasingly prevalent due to reasons such as smartphone use. Consequently, imbalanced muscle contraction occurs. In particular, if the oblique muscle is contracted, the accessory nerve will be compressed, causing ischemic pain in the upper trapezius muscle. To investigate the effect on pain in the upper trapezius muscle, this study applied the ischemic compression method to the accessory nerve capture point at the 1/3-point of the oblique cervical muscle. In this study, the ischemic compression method was applied to eight women twice a week for four weeks, and pain was evaluated before, immediately after, and three weeks after application. The visual analogue scale, McGill Pain Questionnaire, and pressure dynamometer were used to evaluate subjects' pain. As a result of this study, it was confirmed that the pain was significantly reduced after treatment, and that the pain reduction was still effective three weeks after completion of the intervention, indicating that the intervention on the accessory nerve compression point on the oblique cervical muscle was both effective and long-lasting for pain reduction in the upper trapezius muscle. Future studies should increase the number of subjects to check not only pain reduction in the upper trapezius muscle, but also improvement of neck function.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.49-58
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• 2021

This study examined the effects of antecedent variables on life satisfaction of elderly people who live alone and who live with others by comparing the levels of depression, self-esteem, and life satisfaction. Using the 15th data of the Korean Welfare Panel held in 2020, independent sample t-test and hierarchical regression analysis were conducted. Elderly people who live alone had a high sense of depression, low self-esteem, and low life satisfaction. For both of them, the older the age and the higher the income level, the higher the life satisfaction. The regression model, which added depression and self-esteem, had a significant effect on both of them, but the effect of self-esteem was higher (𝛽=.40, .41) than that of depression (𝛽=-.28, -.29). The effects of depression and self-esteem on life satisfaction were higher in elderly people who live alone (R²=.409) than in elderly people who live with others (R²=.398). Based on the research results, this study suggested appropriate policies and practice directions to enhance self-esteem and improve life satisfaction of elderly people who live alone.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.158-167
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• 2021

This study was attempted to investigate the mediating effect of the tolerance of dating violence in the influence of female college students' perception of dating violence on their sexual self-assertion. The subjects of this study were 161 female students enrolled in universities in the Chungbuk region. As research instrument, Jeong(2013)'s perception of dating violence, Jeong(2016)'s sexual self-assertiveness, and Nam(2003)'s dating violence acceptability were used. For data analysis, frequency, percentage, correlation analysis, hierarchical regression analysis, and Sobel test were performed using SPSS WIN 21.0 program. As a result of the study, first, there was a significant positive correlation between perception of dating violence and violence tolerance(r=.43, p<.001), and a significant negative correlation between violence tolerance and sexual assertiveness(r=-.20, p<.05). Second, the perception of dating violence had a significant positive effect on sexual assertiveness(𝛽=.43, p<.001), and the explanatory power was 19%(F=36.10, p<.001). Third, it was found that the decrease in the effect of female college students' perception of dating violence on sexual assertiveness was significant(Z=2.05, p<.05), violence acceptability showed a mediating effect on the effect of dating violence perception on sexual assertiveness. Based on this study, it is suggested to develop a dating violence prevention program that can lower female college students' acceptability for violence, raise perception of violence, and strengthen sexual assertiveness.