• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2018

The particle filtration mechanisms in an infiltration trench should be varying due to the different hydraulic conditions during stormwater runoff. The understanding of these variations associated with different filtration mechanisms and their effect on the particle removal efficiency is of vital importance. Therefore, a LID (Low Impact Development) system comprising of an infiltration trench packed with gravel and woodchip was investigated during the monitoring of several independent rainfall events. A typical rainfall event was divided into separate regimes and their corresponding flow conditions as well as filtration mechanisms in the trench were analyzed. According to hydraulic conditions, it was found out that filtration changes between vertical and horizontal flows as well as between unsaturated, saturated, and partially-saturated flows. Particle separation efficiency was high (55-76%) and was mainly governed by physical straining during the unsaturated period. It was then enhanced by diffusion during the saturated period (75-95%). When the trench became partially saturated at the end of the rainfall event, the efficiency decreased which was believed to be due to the existence of a negatively charged air-water interface which limited the removal to positively charged particles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.125-128
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• 2002

강변 여과 취수 방식을 활용한 국내 충적층 지하수의 이용을 위해서는 망간에 대한 수처리가 주요 사항인 것으로 나타났다. 강변 여과 방식 취수 원수의 망간 함량은 먹는 물 수질 기준을 부분적으로 상회하지만, 이러한 망간에 대한 저감 처리는 기존의 지표수를 취수하여 처리하는 수처리 공정에 비해서는 상대적으로 효율적인 것으로 판단된다. 실제로, 국내 최초의 강변 여과 방식 취수를 활용하는 창원시 대산 지구 원수는 공기 포기, 급속 여과, 활성탄 여과를 통해, 먹는 물 수질 기준을 상회하는 망간을 효과적으로 처리하고 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 특히, 활성탄 여과가 망간제거 효과를 보이는 점은 특이한 현상으로, 활성탄 내에서도 철 관련 박테리아에 의한 망간 처리 가능성을 시사하고 있다. 또한 망간과 함께 나타나는 철 성분은 망간의 침전 처리에 긍정적인 면으로 작용하는 것으로 판단된다. 한편, 고령군 다산면에서의 실증 플랜트 실험은 전염소처리와 망간접촉여과를 통해 먹는 물 기준 이하의 망간 함량을 확보하는 데는 성공하였으나, 이러한 처리 기작이 안정화되는데 까지는 약 3개월 내외의 시간이 요구되는 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.61-64
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• 2000

일반적으로 에어로졸 상의 고체입자에 대한 분리기술은 크게 전기집진기술과 여과집진기술, 습식기술 등으로 나눌 수 있다. 최근 연료의 탈황으로 인해 배출되는 먼지의 비저항성이 높아져 전기집진기술의 효율이 크게 떨어져 여과집진기술로 조금씩 대체되어가고 있다. 그러나 여과집진기술의 경우, Flow Gas 포집기작의 영향이 지배적이지 못한 l㎛ 미만의 입자들에 대한 제어가 효과적이지 못한 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 1㎛ 미만의 입자들에 대해 정전기력을 부여해서 전기적응집에 의한 입자성장을 유도하여 여과집진시에 필터 표면에 Dendrites Structure를 형성하게끔 유도하여 AP 증가율을 낮추고자 한다. 이에 따른 직접적인 효과는 탈진회수의 감소로 탈진시 소요되는 동력비의 감소와 탈진시 마모나 파손되는 여과포의 수명연장으로 실제 산업공정에 적용시 운전유지비의 감소효과를 꾀할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.150-151
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• 2000

최근 소득증대에 따른 식생활 향상으로 고단백 저지방 어류의 수요가 증대되고 있으며, 특히 횟감용 어류의 수요가 증대되고 있는 실정이다. 최근에 활어수조에 오존살균과 자외선 살균, 포말분리 등의 단일 수처리 공법이 가미된 수조가 생산되어 판매되고 있으나 아직 수처리 공법의 명확한 제거기작에 대한 연구가 수행되고 있지 못하며, 질산ㆍ탈질 등의 공법에 대한 적용이 전혀 이루어지고 있지 못하고 있기 때문에 해수를 재 이용하지 못하고 며칠에 한번 씩 해수를 구입하여 교환해주고 있는 실정이다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.263-264
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• 2001

최근 소득증대에 따른 식생활 향상으로 고단백 저지방 어류의 수요가 증대되고 있으며, 특히 횟감용 어류의 수요가 증대되고 있는 실정이다. 최근에 활어수조에 오존살균과 자외선 살균, 포말분리 등의 단일 수처리 공법이 가미된 수조가 생산되어 판매되고 있으나 아직 수처리 공법의 명확한 제거기작에 대한 연구가 수행되고 있지 못하며, 질산ㆍ탈질 등의 공법에 대한적용이 전혀 이루어지고 있지 못하고 있기 때문에 해수를 재 이용하지 못하고 며칠에 한번 색 해수를 구입하여 교환해주고 있는 실정이다. (중략)

• Membrane Journal
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.519-527
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• 2017

Membrane fouling is the main issue hindering the expansion of low pressure membrane processes for surface water treatment. Therefore, applying periodic hydraulic cleaning for fouling control should be well optimized. Better understanding of membrane fouling associated with periodic hydraulic cleaning would be useful to optimize membrane cleaning strategies. By comparing experimental permeability data with the classical Hermia blocking laws, this study aims at analyzing membrane fouling and understanding dominant fouling mechanisms occurring when filtering a synthetic surface water solution with a pressurized membrane process during six filtration cycles of 30 min each, separated with cyclic cleaning of 1 min by backwashing and forward flushing separately and combined. When applying single cleaning technique, membrane fouling during the first cycles was controlled by complete blocking mechanism while the last cycles were dominated by cake formation. Nevertheless, when combining cleaning technique better membrane regeneration was obtained and fouling was mainly due to cake formation.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.329-338
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• 2019

The constant-pressure and constant-flux membrane filtration experiments of alumina colloidal solution are performed to investigate defouling effect of the natural convection instability flow (NCIF) induced in membrane module. The permeate flux at constant-pressure and the transmembrane pressure (TMP) at constant-flux experiments are measured by changes the inclined angle (0, 90 and 180°) of membrane module to the gravity, and flux results are analyzed by using the blocking filtration model. NCIF are more induced as the inclined angles increased from 0° to 180°, and the maximum induced NCIF at 180° angle enhances flux to 2.8 times and reduces TMP to 85% after two-hour operation. As a result of analyzing flux data by applying the blocking filtration model, it is more reasonable to analyze them by using the intermediate blocking model within 15-minute operation time and then thereafter times by using the cake filtration model. The induced NCIF at 180° angle reduces the intermediate blocking fouling at 52% in the early operation time of 15-minute and thereafter the cake layer fouling at 93%. The main membrane fouling control mechanism of NCIF induced in membrane module is evaluated as suppressing the formation of the cake layer of particulate colloidal materials on membrane surface.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.341-349
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• 2010

It is well known that manganese is hard to oxidize under neutral pH condition in the atmosphere while iron can be easily oxidized to insoluble iron oxide. The purpose of this study is to identify removal mechanism of manganese in the D water treatment plant where is treating bank filtered water in aeration and rapid sand filtration. Average concentration of iron and manganese in bank filtered water were 5.9 mg/L and 3.6 mg/L in 2008, respectively. However, their concentration in rapid sand filtrate were only 0.11 mg/L and 0.03 mg/L, respectively. Most of the sand was coated with black colored manganese oxide except surface layer. According to EDX analysis of sand which was collected in different depth of sand filter, the content of i ron in the upper part sand was relatively higher than that in the lower part. while manganese content increased with a depth. The presence of iron and manganese oxidizing bacteria have been identified in sand of rapid sand filtration. It is supposed that these bacteria contributed some to remove iron and manganese in rapid sand filter. In conclusion, manganese has been simultaneously removed by physicochemical reaction and biological reaction. However, it is considered that the former reaction is dominant than the latter. That is, Mn(II) ion is rapidly adsorbed on ${\gamma}$-FeOOH which is intermediate iron oxidant and then adsorbed Mn(II) ion is oxidized to insoluble manganese oxide. In addition, manganese oxidation is accelerated by autocatalytic reaction of manganese oxide. The iron and manganese oxides deposited on the surface of the sand and then are aged with coating sand surface.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.161-169
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a modified filtration system treating non-point source (NPS) pollutants. The developed Best Management Practice (BMP) technology was designed based on the geographical and climatic characteristics of the site. A lab-scale test experiment was conducted using three different hydraulic loading rates representing the first flush flow, average flow and overflow conditions during a rainfall event. Water quality analysis was performed on the water samples taken at the inflow, outflow and infiltration during the test experiment of the lab-scale BMP. Also, the water and mass balance at different hydraulic loading rates was determined. Results from the lab-scale test experiment showed that the lab-scale BMP had a high removal efficiency of 80-90% for all NPS pollutants. The overflow test condition obtained the lowest removal efficiency among the hydraulic loading rates because it gave less opportunity for the pollutants to be filtered and retained inside system. The infiltration ratio was approximately 1 % of the inflow and outflow. Increasing the infiltration ratio requires technical approach of soil amendment where the BMP is installed.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.715-721
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• 2017

Tree box filters, an example of bioretention systems, were compacted and versatile urban stormwater low impact development technique which allowed volume and water quality treatment performance to be adjusted based on the hydrologic, runoff quality and catchment characteristics. In this study, the overall performance of a 6 year-old tree box filter receiving parking lot stormwater runoff was evaluated. Hydrologic and hydraulic factors affecting the treatment performance of the tree box filter were also identified and investigated. Based on the results, the increase in rainfall depth caused a decrease in hydrologic and hydraulic performance of the tree box filter including volume, average flow, and peak flow reduction (r = -0.53 to -0.59; p<0.01). TSS, organics, nutrients, and total and soluble heavy metals constituents were significantly reduced by the system through media filtration, adsorption, infiltration, and evapotranspiration mechanisms employed in the tree box filter (p<0.001). This significant pollutant reduction by the tree box filter was also found to have been caused by hydrologic and hydraulic factors including volume, average flow, peak flow, hydraulic retention time (HRT) and runoff duration. These findings were especially useful in applying similarly designed tree box filter by considering tree box filter surface area to catchment area of less than 1 %.